{ "title": "Encyclopedia of World Heritage Games: open data", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "note": "Text is CC BY-SA 4.0 by the World Heritage Games project. Each photograph keeps its own licence (see photo.licence).", "generated": "2026-10-10", "entries": [ { "id": 1, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1-jianzi/", "name": "Jianzi", "native": "毽子", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China", "Vietnam", "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "VN", "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Jianzi is a dexterity and skill game tradition from China, Vietnam.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, Vietnam, South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jianzi_players.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00001-jianzi.jpg", "author": "Janus Bahs Jacquet from Copenhagen, Danmark", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jianzi_players.jpg" } }, { "id": 2, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/2-pitch-pot/", "name": "Pitch-pot", "native": "投壺 / 투호", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China", "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Pitch slender arrows from a set distance into a narrow-necked bronze jar, scoring for in-the-mouth, ear-hole and bounce-ins, with tricky ear shots.", "how_played": "Pitch slender arrows from a set distance into a narrow-necked bronze jar, scoring for in-the-mouth, ear-hole and bounce-ins, with tricky ear shots.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, South Korea. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korea_Traditional_Game_Tuho.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00002-pitch-pot.jpg", "author": "Kang Byeong Kee", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korea_Traditional_Game_Tuho.jpg" } }, { "id": 3, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/3-kingyo-sukui/", "name": "Kingyo-sukui", "native": "金魚すくい", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Scoop goldfish from a tank with a thin paper-framed scoop (poi) before it tears, using gentle angles and quick tilts to catch the most fish.", "how_played": "Scoop goldfish from a tank with a thin paper-framed scoop (poi) before it tears, using gentle angles and quick tilts to catch the most fish.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goldfish_Scooping_%E9%87%91%E9%AD%9A%E3%81%99%E3%81%8F%E3%81%84_(169719613).jpeg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00003-kingyo-sukui.jpg", "author": "Takuya Matsuyama", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goldfish_Scooping_%E9%87%91%E9%AD%9A%E3%81%99%E3%81%8F%E3%81%84_(169719613).jpeg" } }, { "id": 4, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4-neolttwigi/", "name": "Neolttwigi", "native": "널뛰기", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Two players stand on opposite ends of a board and alternate jumping, launching each other higher; the goal is the highest, best-timed jumps and stylish landings.", "how_played": "Two players stand on opposite ends of a board and alternate jumping, launching each other higher; the goal is the highest, best-timed jumps and stylish landings.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Andong-Dano_Festival-Seesawing-02.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00004-neolttwigi.jpg", "author": "Robert at Picasa", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Andong-Dano_Festival-Seesawing-02.jpg" } }, { "id": 5, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/5-stone-skipping/", "name": "Stone Skipping", "native": "Stone skimming / Ducks and drakes", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "Pick a flat stone, set angle, spin and speed with a flick, and try to skip it as many times as possible across the water.", "how_played": "Pick a flat stone, set angle, spin and speed with a flick, and try to skip it as many times as possible across the water.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_skimming_-Patagonia-9Mar2010.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00005-stone-skipping.jpg", "author": "Killy Ridols", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_skimming_-Patagonia-9Mar2010.jpg" } }, { "id": 6, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/6-elastic-jump/", "name": "Elastic Jump", "native": "Gummitwist / Tiao pi jin", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Elastic Jump is a street and playground game tradition from China.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gummitwist-1998Kinder2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00006-elastic-jump.jpg", "author": "Werner", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gummitwist-1998Kinder2.jpg" } }, { "id": 7, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/7-canal-pole-vault/", "name": "Canal pole vault", "native": "Fierljeppen / polsstokverspringen", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Water and winter sports", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Sprint, plant a long pole in the canal, climb it as it swings and leap across the water for the farthest landing.", "how_played": "Sprint, plant a long pole in the canal, climb it as it swings and leap across the water for the farthest landing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:De_uitsprong_fierljeppen.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00007-canal-pole-vault.jpg", "author": "Peter van der Sluijs", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:De_uitsprong_fierljeppen.jpg" } }, { "id": 8, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/8-disc-flip/", "name": "Disc-flip", "native": "Tiddlywinks", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Press a large disc (squidger) on the edge of small discs to flip them into a pot or on top of an opponent's pieces (squopping).", "how_played": "Press a large disc (squidger) on the edge of small discs to flip them into a pot or on top of an opponent's pieces (squopping).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jeu_puces.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00008-disc-flip.jpg", "author": "Cyrille BERNIZET (flea game, French variant photo)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jeu_puces.jpg" } }, { "id": 9, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/9-sjoelen/", "name": "Sjoelen", "native": "Sjoelen / Sjoelbak", "alt": [ "Sjoelbak", "Dutch shuffleboard" ], "countries": [ "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Flick 30 wooden discs along a long board so they pass through four numbered gates; score the gates, then re-flick leftover discs for second and third rounds.", "how_played": "Flick 30 wooden discs along a long board so they pass through four numbered gates; score the gates, then re-flick leftover discs for second and third rounds.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sjoelbak.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjoelen" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00009-sjoelen.jpg", "author": "Jonny German", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sjoelbak.jpg" } }, { "id": 10, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/10-hornussen/", "name": "Hornussen", "native": "Hornussen", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Switzerland" ], "country_codes": [ "CH" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Bat-and-ball games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Strike a puck (Nouss) from a ramp with a flexible rod; the fielding team raises wooden boards (Schindeln) to knock it from the air.", "how_played": "Strike a puck (Nouss) from a ramp with a flexible rod; the fielding team raises wooden boards (Schindeln) to knock it from the air.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Switzerland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hornussen_catching.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00010-hornussen.jpg", "author": "Urs Vonhuben, Hornussergesellschaft", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hornussen_catching.jpg" } }, { "id": 11, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/11-jukskei/", "name": "Jukskei", "native": "Jukskei (Afrikaans)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Africa" ], "country_codes": [ "ZA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Throw a flat-sided wooden pin to land it against or knock a stake at the far end of a sand pitch, scoring points per throw over rounds.", "how_played": "Throw a flat-sided wooden pin to land it against or knock a stake at the far end of a sand pitch, scoring points per throw over rounds.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Africa.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_classic_jukskei_game_2014-02-01_12-20.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00011-jukskei.jpg", "author": "Francois1012 (User)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_classic_jukskei_game_2014-02-01_12-20.jpg" } }, { "id": 12, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/12-bamboo-copter/", "name": "Bamboo Copter", "native": "Taketombo / Zhuzhu", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Toys", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "Spin the shaft between your palms and release; adjust spin strength and angle to fly the little propeller as far or as high as possible.", "how_played": "Spin the shaft between your palms and release; adjust spin strength and angle to fly the little propeller as far or as high as possible.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taketombo.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00012-bamboo-copter.jpg", "author": "Haragayato", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taketombo.JPG" } }, { "id": 13, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/13-gorodki/", "name": "Gorodki", "native": "Городки", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Throw a bat from a distance to knock figures made of wooden pegs out of a square, clearing each shape (cannon, fork, star...) with the fewest throws.", "how_played": "Throw a bat from a distance to knock figures made of wooden pegs out of a square, clearing each shape (cannon, fork, star...) with the fewest throws.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gorodki.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00013-gorodki.jpg", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gorodki.jpg" } }, { "id": 14, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/14-lagori/", "name": "Lagori", "native": "Lagori / Pitthu / Dabba kali", "alt": [ "Seven Stones", "Lagori", "Pitthu", "Satoliya" ], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "Knock down a tower of seven flat stones with a ball, then rebuild it before the other team hits you with the ball.", "how_played": "Knock down a tower of seven flat stones with a ball, then rebuild it before the other team hits you with the ball.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lagori6.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_stones", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Nepal" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00014-lagori.jpg", "author": "Selvammk", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lagori6.jpg" } }, { "id": 15, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/15-kho-kho/", "name": "Kho-Kho", "native": "खो-खो", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Nepal", "Bangladesh", "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "NP", "BD", "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Chasers sit in a row facing alternating directions.", "how_played": "Chasers sit in a row facing alternating directions.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Nepal, Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glimpse_of_India_vs_Nepal_Match_during_4th_Asian_Kho_Kho_Championship.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00015-kho-kho.jpg", "author": "Khokhofederation", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glimpse_of_India_vs_Nepal_Match_during_4th_Asian_Kho_Kho_Championship.jpg" } }, { "id": 16, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/16-chinlone/", "name": "Chinlone", "native": "ချင်းလုံး", "alt": [ "Caneball" ], "countries": [ "Myanmar" ], "country_codes": [ "MM" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "A circle of six players keeps a woven cane ball aloft with feet, knees, heels and heads, passing it in graceful, choreographed moves with no winner or loser.", "how_played": "A circle of six players keeps a woven cane ball aloft with feet, knees, heels and heads, passing it in graceful, choreographed moves with no winner or loser.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Myanmar. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinlone_Kandawgyi_park.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinlone", "https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/ancient-myanmar-ball-game-battles-for-survival-in-troubled-nation/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00016-chinlone.jpg", "author": "kallerna", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinlone_Kandawgyi_park.jpg" } }, { "id": 17, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/17-egrang/", "name": "Egrang", "native": "Egrang / Ingkling", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia", "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID", "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Players walk on tall bamboo stilts across uneven ground, racing and sometimes bumping to unbalance rivals.", "how_played": "Players walk on tall bamboo stilts across uneven ground, racing and sometimes bumping to unbalance rivals.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia, Malaysia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egrang_Babakan_Siliwangi.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00017-egrang.jpg", "author": "Djuli Pamungkas", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egrang_Babakan_Siliwangi.jpg" } }, { "id": 18, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/18-kotta-pora/", "name": "Kotta Pora", "native": "කොට්ටා පොර", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Two players sit astride a greased log over a pit and swing pillows, trying to knock the opponent off balance.", "how_played": "Two players sit astride a greased log over a pit and swing pillows, trying to knock the opponent off balance.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kotta-Pora.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00018-kotta-pora.jpg", "author": "YaSiRu11", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kotta-Pora.jpg" } }, { "id": 19, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/19-camel-racing-dash/", "name": "Camel racing dash", "native": "Sibaq al-hajin (Arabic)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Jordan" ], "country_codes": [ "JO" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Racing", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Camel racing dash is a racing tradition from Jordan.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Jordan. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camel_Race_Training.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00019-camel-racing-dash.jpg", "author": "Lintophilip (User)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camel_Race_Training.jpg" } }, { "id": 20, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/20-ebru-paper-marbling/", "name": "Ebru paper marbling", "native": "Ebru (Turkish) / Abru", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Drop pigment on a thickened water tray, then draw with a stylus, comb and fine brush to pull swirls, flowers and tulips; lay paper on top to print the result.", "how_played": "Drop pigment on a thickened water tray, then draw with a stylus, comb and fine brush to pull swirls, flowers and tulips; lay paper on top to print the result.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ebru_(Water_Marbling)_Art.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00020-ebru-paper-marbling.jpg", "author": "Metasqaure10", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ebru_(Water_Marbling)_Art.jpg" } }, { "id": 21, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/21-zellij-tile-mosaic/", "name": "Zellij tile mosaic", "native": "Zellij / Zellige (Arabic)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Morocco" ], "country_codes": [ "MA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Cut and place glazed tile pieces into their star-and-polygon geometry to fill a panel or fountain floor; later panels need rotating, mirroring and symmetry choices.", "how_played": "Cut and place glazed tile pieces into their star-and-polygon geometry to fill a panel or fountain floor; later panels need rotating, mirroring and symmetry choices.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Morocco. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:نافورة_بالفسيفساء_والزليج_المغربي.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00021-zellij-tile-mosaic.jpg", "author": "Samira hiba", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:نافورة_بالفسيفساء_والزليج_المغربي.jpg" } }, { "id": 22, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22-kente-strip-weaving/", "name": "Kente strip weaving", "native": "Kente (Akan / Ewe)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana" ], "country_codes": [ "GH" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Pick warp thread colours then work the pedals and shuttle in rhythm to build narrow strips with bold bands and blocks; match a target pattern, then stitch strips into a cloth.", "how_played": "Pick warp thread colours then work the pedals and shuttle in rhythm to build narrow strips with bold bands and blocks; match a target pattern, then stitch strips into a cloth.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Weaving_of_kente_cloth.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00022-kente-strip-weaving.jpg", "author": "Abbeyfamily (User)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Weaving_of_kente_cloth.JPG" } }, { "id": 23, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/23-ndebele-geometric-wall-painting/", "name": "Ndebele geometric wall painting", "native": "Ndebele house painting", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Africa" ], "country_codes": [ "ZA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Choose bold black outlines and paint bright flat colour fields on a house facade and wall, matching or inventing symmetrical geometric motifs.", "how_played": "Choose bold black outlines and paint bright flat colour fields on a house facade and wall, matching or inventing symmetrical geometric motifs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Africa.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ndebele_Architecture.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00023-ndebele-geometric-wall-painting.jpg", "author": "Angela Abel", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ndebele_Architecture.jpg" } }, { "id": 25, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/25-celtic-knot-weave/", "name": "Celtic knot weave", "native": "Celtic knotwork", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ireland", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "IE", "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Rotate tiles or crossings so one cord weaves over and under without breaks, completing each knot.", "how_played": "Rotate tiles or crossings so one cord weaves over and under without breaks, completing each knot.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ireland, United Kingdom. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chain_stitch_embroidery_celtic_knot.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00025-celtic-knot-weave.jpg", "author": "PKM", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chain_stitch_embroidery_celtic_knot.jpg" } }, { "id": 26, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/26-chinese-knotting/", "name": "Chinese knotting", "native": "中国结", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Follow over-and-under routes to tie decorative cord knots on a pin board, building ever more complex patterns for ornaments.", "how_played": "Follow over-and-under routes to tie decorative cord knots on a pin board, building ever more complex patterns for ornaments.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_Knot_P4R.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00026-chinese-knotting.jpg", "author": "Ucla90024", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_Knot_P4R.jpg" } }, { "id": 27, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/27-sashiko-stitch-patterns/", "name": "Sashiko Stitch Patterns", "native": "Sashiko", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Trace running-stitch routes across a dotted cloth grid to complete geometric patterns (asanoha, seigaiha, etc.) without lifting the thread or doubling a stitch.", "how_played": "Trace running-stitch routes across a dotted cloth grid to complete geometric patterns (asanoha, seigaiha, etc.) without lifting the thread or doubling a stitch.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sashiko_by_volunteers,_2012_-_Textile_Museum_of_Canada_-_DSC00807.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00027-sashiko-stitch-patterns.jpg", "author": "Daderot", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sashiko_by_volunteers,_2012_-_Textile_Museum_of_Canada_-_DSC00807.JPG" } }, { "id": 28, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/28-matryoshka/", "name": "Matryoshka", "native": "Матрёшка", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Open, sort and nest painted dolls by size and paint pattern, then design your own set in a guided painting studio.", "how_played": "Open, sort and nest painted dolls by size and paint pattern, then design your own set in a guided painting studio.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Matryoshka_-_All-Russian_Decorative_Art_Museum.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00028-matryoshka.jpg", "author": "Лапоть", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Matryoshka_-_All-Russian_Decorative_Art_Museum.jpg" } }, { "id": 29, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/29-secret-puzzle-box/", "name": "Secret Puzzle Box", "native": "Himitsu-bako", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Secret Puzzle Box is a puzzles and mind game tradition from Japan.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_Secret_Puzzle_Box.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00029-secret-puzzle-box.jpg", "author": "Nipaylah", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_Secret_Puzzle_Box.jpg" } }, { "id": 31, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/31-steelpan/", "name": "Steelpan", "native": "Steelpan / steel drum", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Trinidad and Tobago" ], "country_codes": [ "TT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Strike tuned notes on a hammered pan following scrolling melodies, building band parts for calypso tunes.", "how_played": "Strike tuned notes on a hammered pan following scrolling melodies, building band parts for calypso tunes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Trinidad and Tobago.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steelpan_Instruments_at_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Carnival.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00031-steelpan.jpg", "author": "Kip1234", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steelpan_Instruments_at_Trinidad_and_Tobago_Carnival.jpg" } }, { "id": 32, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/32-mbira/", "name": "Mbira", "native": "Mbira / Kalimba / Sanza", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Zimbabwe" ], "country_codes": [ "ZW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "follow falling notes in learn mode, or play freely and layer looping parts.", "how_played": "follow falling notes in learn mode, or play freely and layer looping parts.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Zimbabwe. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Holding_an_mbira_dzavadzimu.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00032-mbira.jpg", "author": "Alex Weeks", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Holding_an_mbira_dzavadzimu.jpg" } }, { "id": 33, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/33-talking-drum/", "name": "Talking drum", "native": "Dùndún / Tama / Kalangu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nigeria" ], "country_codes": [ "NG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Squeeze the hourglass drum cords with one hand and strike with a curved stick to bend pitch; mimic spoken tone phrases and rhythms as the game plays a call.", "how_played": "Squeeze the hourglass drum cords with one hand and strike with a curved stick to bend pitch; mimic spoken tone phrases and rhythms as the game plays a call.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Talking_drum_(tama)player.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00033-talking-drum.jpg", "author": "PGskot (User)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Talking_drum_(tama)player.jpg" } }, { "id": 34, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/34-morin-khuur/", "name": "Morin khuur", "native": "Морин хуур / morin khuur", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mongolia" ], "country_codes": [ "MN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Bow the two strings in time with guiding notes to play steppe melodies and galloping horse rhythms, with the instrument's horse-head scroll and long-song phrasing.", "how_played": "Bow the two strings in time with guiding notes to play steppe melodies and galloping horse rhythms, with the instrument's horse-head scroll and long-song phrasing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Morin_khuur_Mongoli%C3%AB.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00034-morin-khuur.jpg", "author": "Antonrood", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Morin_khuur_Mongoli%C3%AB.JPG" } }, { "id": 35, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/35-tabla-bol-rhythm/", "name": "Tabla Bol Rhythm", "native": "तबला", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Nepal", "Bangladesh", "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "NP", "BD", "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Tabla Bol Rhythm is a musical instrument tradition from India, Nepal.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Nepal, Bangladesh. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tabla_set_Music_Instrument.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00035-tabla-bol-rhythm.jpg", "author": "Adbh266", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tabla_set_Music_Instrument.jpg" } }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/37-dabke-line-dance/", "name": "Dabke line dance", "native": "Dabke / Dabka", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lebanon" ], "country_codes": [ "LB" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "keep the leader's step pattern on the beat across increasingly complex steps.", "how_played": "keep the leader's step pattern on the beat across increasingly complex steps.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lebanon.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lebanese_Dabke_Nasser_Makhoul_Troupe.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00037-dabke-line-dance.jpg", "author": "Lebanon Ministry of Tourism", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lebanese_Dabke_Nasser_Makhoul_Troupe.jpg" } }, { "id": 38, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/38-karagoz/", "name": "Karagoz", "native": "Karagöz", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "Puppetry and shadow play", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Karagoz is a performance and storytelling tradition from Turkey.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karagoz_transformed_into_a_frog,_Karagoz,_Turkey_-_Museu_do_Oriente_-_Lisbon,_Portugal_-_DSC06821.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00038-karagoz.jpg", "author": "Daderot", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karagoz_transformed_into_a_frog,_Karagoz,_Turkey_-_Museu_do_Oriente_-_Lisbon,_Portugal_-_DSC06821.JPG" } }, { "id": 39, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/39-tea-horse-road-caravan/", "name": "Tea Horse Road Caravan", "native": "Chamadao", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Lead a porter and mule caravan from tea terraces to high markets, choosing routes, rest stops and loads against weather, terrain and prices.", "how_played": "Lead a porter and mule caravan from tea terraces to high markets, choosing routes, rest stops and loads against weather, terrain and prices.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Men_Laden_With_Tea,_Sichuan_Sheng,_China_1908_Ernest_H._Wilson_RESTORED.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00039-tea-horse-road-caravan.jpg", "author": "ralph repo", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Men_Laden_With_Tea,_Sichuan_Sheng,_China_1908_Ernest_H._Wilson_RESTORED.jpg" } }, { "id": 41, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/41-panduri/", "name": "Panduri", "native": "Panduri / Chonguri", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Georgia" ], "country_codes": [ "GE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Panduri is a musical instrument tradition from Georgia.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Georgia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panduri_(9).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00041-panduri.jpg", "author": "Masha Afan (Flickr)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panduri_(9).jpg" } }, { "id": 42, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/42-nouka-baich/", "name": "Nouka Baich", "native": "নৌকা বাইচ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh", "India" ], "country_codes": [ "BD", "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Long boats with a crew of paddlers race down a river while a lead singer calls the rhythm and the crowd cheers from the banks.", "how_played": "Long boats with a crew of paddlers race down a river while a lead singer calls the rhythm and the crowd cheers from the banks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh, India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boat_Race_(Nouka_Baich)_at_Thakrun_Khal,_near_Canning_09.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00042-nouka-baich.jpg", "author": "Rangan Datta Wiki", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boat_Race_(Nouka_Baich)_at_Thakrun_Khal,_near_Canning_09.jpg" } }, { "id": 43, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/43-wayfinder/", "name": "Wayfinder", "native": "Wayfinding / Hoku-based navigation", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States", "New Zealand", "Micronesia" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "NZ", "FM" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Sail a double-hulled voyaging canoe across the open ocean, reading stars, swells, birds and clouds to keep a course to an unseen island.", "how_played": "Sail a double-hulled voyaging canoe across the open ocean, reading stars, swells, birds and clouds to keep a course to an unseen island.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, New Zealand, Micronesia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hokule'aSailing2009.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00043-wayfinder.jpg", "author": "HongKongHuey", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hokule'aSailing2009.jpg" } }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/44-ulu-maika/", "name": "'Ulu Maika", "native": "ʻUlu maika", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Roll a smooth stone disc (maika) between two stakes set a few paces apart, and across a distance to hit a far stake.", "how_played": "Roll a smooth stone disc (maika) between two stakes set a few paces apart, and across a distance to hit a far stake.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Keiki_engage_in_‘ulu_maika_--_Hawaiian_bowling_game_(48877865742).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00044-ulu-maika.jpg", "author": "Hawai'i Volcanoes NPS", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Keiki_engage_in_‘ulu_maika_--_Hawaiian_bowling_game_(48877865742).jpg" } }, { "id": 45, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/45-chaturanga/", "name": "Chaturanga", "native": "चतुरङ्ग", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Two armies of chariot, horse, elephant and foot soldiers move on an 8x8 ashtapada board; the aim is to capture the opposing king, with no queen and no castling.", "how_played": "Two armies of chariot, horse, elephant and foot soldiers move on an 8x8 ashtapada board; the aim is to capture the opposing king, with no queen and no castling.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Chaturanga_Chess_Set.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00045-chaturanga.jpg", "author": "Nicat49", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Chaturanga_Chess_Set.jpg" } }, { "id": 46, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/46-gobak-sodor/", "name": "Gobak Sodor", "native": "Gobak Sodor / Galah Asin", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia", "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID", "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "the other team must run through every line to the end and back without being touched.", "how_played": "the other team must run through every line to the end and back without being touched.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia, Malaysia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bermain_Gobak_Sodor_di_Sumba_Barat_Daya.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00046-gobak-sodor.jpg", "author": "Sofi Solihah", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bermain_Gobak_Sodor_di_Sumba_Barat_Daya.jpg" } }, { "id": 47, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/47-wayang-shadow-puppets/", "name": "Wayang Shadow Puppets", "native": "Wayang kulit", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "Puppetry and shadow play", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Wayang Shadow Puppets is a performance and storytelling tradition from Indonesia.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pertunjukan_Wayang_Kulit.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00047-wayang-shadow-puppets.jpg", "author": "FaizAttariqi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pertunjukan_Wayang_Kulit.jpg" } }, { "id": 48, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/48-dombra/", "name": "Dombra", "native": "Домбыра / dombyra", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kazakhstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Strum and finger two strings in fast rhythmic patterns to play galloping steppe pieces (kuy), following scrolling notes and strumming gestures.", "how_played": "Strum and finger two strings in fast rhythmic patterns to play galloping steppe pieces (kuy), following scrolling notes and strumming gestures.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kazakhstan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IFLC_Festival_-_Boy_playing_dombra_in_traditional_Kazakh_clothing.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00048-dombra.jpg", "author": "Cool", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IFLC_Festival_-_Boy_playing_dombra_in_traditional_Kazakh_clothing.jpg" } }, { "id": 49, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/49-finnish-pin-toss/", "name": "Finnish pin toss", "native": "Mölkky", "alt": [ "Molkky" ], "countries": [ "Finland" ], "country_codes": [ "FI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Throw a wooden pin underhand at 12 numbered skittles; one toppled pin scores its number, several score the count, first to exactly 50 wins (overshoot drops to 25).", "how_played": "Throw a wooden pin underhand at 12 numbered skittles; one toppled pin scores its number, several score the count, first to exactly 50 wins (overshoot drops to 25).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Finland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mölkky_game.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6lkky", "https://en.biginfinland.com/molkky-summer-finnish-game/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00049-finnish-pin-toss.jpg", "author": "Lasse Keskinen", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mölkky_game.jpg" } }, { "id": 50, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/50-horseshoe-pitching/", "name": "Horseshoe pitching", "native": "Horseshoes", "alt": [ "Horseshoes" ], "countries": [ "United States", "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Pitch a horseshoe about 40 ft at a stake: ringers score 3, closest shoe 1, first to 21.", "how_played": "Pitch a horseshoe about 40 ft at a stake: ringers score 3, closest shoe 1, first to 21.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Canada. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Horseshoes_game.jpg", "https://www.horseshoepitching.com/about-us/", "https://www.horseshoepitching.com/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00050-horseshoe-pitching.jpg", "author": "unknown (see file page)", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Horseshoes_game.jpg" } }, { "id": 51, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/51-bolas-criollas/", "name": "Bolas criollas", "native": "Bolas criollas", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Venezuela" ], "country_codes": [ "VE" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Roll or throw heavy balls toward a small white ball (mingo) on a sand court; closest balls score, with hit-and-displace shots.", "how_played": "Roll or throw heavy balls toward a small white ball (mingo) on a sand court; closest balls score, with hit-and-displace shots.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Venezuela.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Torneo_Internacional_Bolas_Criollas_Aruba_2025,_Papaya_Ranch_24.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00051-bolas-criollas.jpg", "author": "Ginelly.Q", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Torneo_Internacional_Bolas_Criollas_Aruba_2025,_Papaya_Ranch_24.jpg" } }, { "id": 52, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/52-marimba/", "name": "Marimba", "native": "Marimba de Guatemala", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Strike wooden bars with mallets as notes fall, layering melody, harmony and bass of a marimba band.", "how_played": "Strike wooden bars with mallets as notes fall, layering melody, harmony and bass of a marimba band.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marimba_La_Gloria_Antigueña,_Antigua_Guatemala,_1979.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00052-marimba.jpg", "author": "Infrogmation", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marimba_La_Gloria_Antigueña,_Antigua_Guatemala,_1979.jpg" } }, { "id": 53, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/53-double-dutch/", "name": "Double Dutch", "native": "Double Dutch", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Jump between two ropes turned in opposite directions, adding tricks and rhymes as speed rises.", "how_played": "Jump between two ropes turned in opposite directions, adding tricks and rhymes as speed rises.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Youth_and_community_members_have_fun_playing_Double_Dutch!.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00053-double-dutch.jpg", "author": "Double Dutch Divas", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Youth_and_community_members_have_fun_playing_Double_Dutch!.jpg" } }, { "id": 54, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/54-shove-hapenny/", "name": "Shove ha'penny", "native": "Shove ha'penny", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Slide five coins with the heel of the hand across a lined board to rest within nine beds; claim each bed three times.", "how_played": "Slide five coins with the heel of the hand across a lined board to rest within nine beds; claim each bed three times.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shove_ha_penny.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00054-shove-hapenny.jpg", "author": "unknown (Commons)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shove_ha_penny.JPG" } }, { "id": 55, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/55-charango/", "name": "Charango", "native": "Charango", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bolivia", "Peru" ], "country_codes": [ "BO", "PE" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Strum and fret the ten-string small lute through guided songs and patterns.", "how_played": "Strum and fret the ten-string small lute through guided songs and patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bolivia, Peru. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bolivian_charango_001.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00055-charango.jpg", "author": "Villanueva", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bolivian_charango_001.jpg" } }, { "id": 56, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/56-pirogue-coastal-canoe-race/", "name": "Pirogue coastal canoe race", "native": "Course de pirogues", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "Paddle left and right in rhythm in a painted fishing canoe through surf and waves, balancing the crew to win the race.", "how_played": "Paddle left and right in rhythm in a painted fishing canoe through surf and waves, balancing the crew to win the race.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gagnants_de_la_course_de_pirogues_au_Dialaw_Festival.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00056-pirogue-coastal-canoe-race.jpg", "author": "M.GADJ!", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gagnants_de_la_course_de_pirogues_au_Dialaw_Festival.jpg" } }, { "id": 57, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/57-tejo/", "name": "Tejo", "native": "Tejo / Turmequé", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Colombia" ], "country_codes": [ "CO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Toss a heavy metal disc across a short lane into a clay-filled box to land it in a ring, and score extra when it pops the little paper-wrapped charges set on the ring.", "how_played": "Toss a heavy metal disc across a short lane into a clay-filled box to land it in a ring, and score extra when it pops the little paper-wrapped charges set on the ring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Colombia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juego_de_tejo_en_Envigado.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00057-tejo.jpg", "author": "Luis Pérez from Medellin, Colombia", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juego_de_tejo_en_Envigado.jpg" } }, { "id": 58, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/58-limbo/", "name": "Limbo", "native": "Limbo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Trinidad and Tobago" ], "country_codes": [ "TT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Lean back and shuffle under a horizontal bar that drops lower each round without touching it or falling.", "how_played": "Lean back and shuffle under a horizontal bar that drops lower each round without touching it or falling.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Trinidad and Tobago.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Limbo_(dance).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00058-limbo.jpg", "author": "Rick McCharles", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Limbo_(dance).jpg" } }, { "id": 59, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/59-log-rolling/", "name": "Log rolling", "native": "Birling / log rolling", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States", "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Two players stand on a floating log and spin it with their feet, trying to make the other lose balance and fall in the water.", "how_played": "Two players stand on a floating log and spin it with their feet, trying to make the other lose balance and fall in the water.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Canada. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lumberjack_World_Championship_Hayward_Wisconsin_Logrolling.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00059-log-rolling.jpg", "author": "Guywelch2000", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lumberjack_World_Championship_Hayward_Wisconsin_Logrolling.jpg" } }, { "id": 60, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/60-charro-lasso-roping/", "name": "Charro lasso roping", "native": "Floreo de reata / lazo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mexico" ], "country_codes": [ "MX" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Swing a looped rope in graceful patterns, then throw it to catch a trotting target at the right moment, scoring for style and clean catches.", "how_played": "Swing a looped rope in graceful patterns, then throw it to catch a trotting target at the right moment, scoring for style and clean catches.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mexico. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Un_buen_lazo.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00060-charro-lasso-roping.jpg", "author": "Ernesto Icaza Sánchez", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Un_buen_lazo.jpg" } }, { "id": 61, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/61-pinata-swing/", "name": "Pinata swing", "native": "Piñata", "alt": [ "Piñata (clay pot)" ], "countries": [ "Mexico", "Paraguay" ], "country_codes": [ "MX", "PY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Blindfolded or timing-based swings at a rope-hung paper star while it bobs, until a clean hit opens it.", "how_played": "Blindfolded or timing-based swings at a rope-hung paper star while it bobs, until a clean hit opens it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mexico. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Mexican_Piñatas_02.jpg", "https://www.portalguarani.com/687_florentin_gimenez__/22554_juegos_tradicionales_del_paraguay__por_florentin_gimenez.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00061-pinata-swing.jpg", "author": "Paricutina", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Mexican_Piñatas_02.jpg" } }, { "id": 62, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/62-sled-dog-race/", "name": "Sled dog race", "native": "Dog mushing", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States", "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Racing", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Steer a team across a snowy trail, managing dog stamina, speed and checkpoints to beat the clock.", "how_played": "Steer a team across a snowy trail, managing dog stamina, speed and checkpoints to beat the clock.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Canada. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musher_Heidi_Sutter_and_dog_sled_team_(16644205662).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00062-sled-dog-race.jpg", "author": "U.S. Department of Agriculture", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musher_Heidi_Sutter_and_dog_sled_team_(16644205662).jpg" } }, { "id": 63, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/63-daruma-otoshi/", "name": "Daruma Otoshi", "native": "だるま落とし", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "A stack of coloured blocks sits under a round head; you whack one block at a time sideways with a mallet so the rest drop straight down without toppling the head.", "how_played": "A stack of coloured blocks sits under a round head; you whack one block at a time sideways with a mallet so the rest drop straight down without toppling the head.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daruma_otoshi.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00063-daruma-otoshi.jpg", "author": "Japanexperterna.se", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daruma_otoshi.jpg" } }, { "id": 64, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/64-tanghua/", "name": "Tanghua", "native": "糖画", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Pour hot syrup in one continuous line to draw a dragon-free animal or flower, with flow speed and hand steadiness deciding the result; stick it and the shape lifts.", "how_played": "Pour hot syrup in one continuous line to draw a dragon-free animal or flower, with flow speed and hand steadiness deciding the result; stick it and the shape lifts.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SZ_深圳_Shenzhen_龍華_Longhua_三聯路_Sanlian_Road_冰糖_Tanghua_藝術字畫_Sugar_art_painting_n_writing_March_2024_R12S_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00064-tanghua.jpg", "author": "LAU 3420 LUONG", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SZ_深圳_Shenzhen_龍華_Longhua_三聯路_Sanlian_Road_冰糖_Tanghua_藝術字畫_Sugar_art_painting_n_writing_March_2024_R12S_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 65, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/65-ring-tilting/", "name": "Ring Tilting", "native": "Sinjska alka", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Croatia" ], "country_codes": [ "HR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "A rider gallops down a lane at full speed and tries to spear a small iron ring hung on a rope with a lance; score 1-3 depending on which part of the ring is hit.", "how_played": "A rider gallops down a lane at full speed and tries to spear a small iron ring hung on a rope with a lance; score 1-3 depending on which part of the ring is hit.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Croatia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alka_-_Horseman.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00065-ring-tilting.jpg", "author": "L. Carević", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alka_-_Horseman.jpg" } }, { "id": 66, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/66-kiiking/", "name": "Kiiking", "native": "Kiiking", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Estonia" ], "country_codes": [ "EE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Standing on a giant swing with rigid arms, the player pumps by squatting and straightening at the right moments to swing ever higher and try to rotate a full 360 degrees over the top.", "how_played": "Standing on a giant swing with rigid arms, the player pumps by squatting and straightening at the right moments to swing ever higher and try to rotate a full 360 degrees over the top.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Estonia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kiiking_07.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00066-kiiking.jpg", "author": "Eesti Kiikingi Liit", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kiiking_07.JPG" } }, { "id": 67, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/67-mounted-archery-course/", "name": "Mounted Archery Course", "native": "Lovasíjászat", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Hungary" ], "country_codes": [ "HU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "A rider gallops along a 90 m track and shoots at targets to the side and rear on a time limit; each target ring is worth more points, with a 16-second run limit.", "how_played": "A rider gallops along a 90 m track and shoots at targets to the side and rear on a time limit; each target ring is worth more points, with a 16-second run limit.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Hungary.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hungarian_competition_horseback_archery.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00067-mounted-archery-course.jpg", "author": "Benjamin Diepolder", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hungarian_competition_horseback_archery.jpg" } }, { "id": 68, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/68-string-marionette-theatre/", "name": "String Marionette Theatre", "native": "Loutkové divadlo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Czechia" ], "country_codes": [ "CZ" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "String Marionette Theatre is a performance and storytelling tradition from Czechia.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Czechia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marionettes_for_Sale_-_Prague_-_Czech_Republic.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00068-string-marionette-theatre.jpg", "author": "Adam Jones, Ph.D.", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marionettes_for_Sale_-_Prague_-_Czech_Republic.jpg" } }, { "id": 69, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/69-hoop-rolling-trundle/", "name": "Hoop Rolling Trundle", "native": "Hoop trundling / hoopen", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Steer a rolling hoop with a stick through a course of gates and turns without letting it fall.", "how_played": "Steer a rolling hoop with a stick through a course of gates and turns without letting it fall.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kind_hoepelen.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00069-hoop-rolling-trundle.jpg", "author": "Nationaal Archief", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kind_hoepelen.jpg" } }, { "id": 70, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/70-cheese-rolling-hill/", "name": "Cheese Rolling Hill", "native": "Cheese rolling", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Launch a rolling wheel downhill then tumble after it, steering to stay upright and catch it first.", "how_played": "Launch a rolling wheel downhill then tumble after it, steering to stay upright and catch it first.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_race_at_the_Cooper's_Hill_Cheese_Rolling_and_Wake,_on_Cooper's_Hill,_Brockworth,_Gloucestershire,_on_27_May_2013.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00070-cheese-rolling-hill.jpg", "author": "Dave Farrance", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_race_at_the_Cooper's_Hill_Cheese_Rolling_and_Wake,_on_Cooper's_Hill,_Brockworth,_Gloucestershire,_on_27_May_2013.jpg" } }, { "id": 71, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/71-yukigassen-snow-fort/", "name": "Yukigassen Snow Fort", "native": "Yukigassen 雪合戦", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Water and winter sports", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Two teams of seven throw snowballs from behind snow walls; hit opponents out or capture their flag.", "how_played": "Two teams of seven throw snowballs from behind snow walls; hit opponents out or capture their flag.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UonumaPhoto_Yukigassen_Koide_Snowball_Fight_Meet_201802.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00071-yukigassen-snow-fort.jpg", "author": "Uonuma tourism association", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UonumaPhoto_Yukigassen_Koide_Snowball_Fight_Meet_201802.jpg" } }, { "id": 72, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/72-bagatelle/", "name": "Bagatelle", "native": "Bagatelle", "alt": [], "countries": [ "France", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "FR", "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Pull the spring plunger and shoot a ball up a pin-studded board into numbered cups, scoring for each.", "how_played": "Pull the spring plunger and shoot a ball up a pin-studded board into numbered cups, scoring for each.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of France, United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bagatelle_(1910).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00072-bagatelle.jpg", "author": "Olivier Merly, responsable du Fonds Patrimonial du Jeu de Société", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bagatelle_(1910).jpg" } }, { "id": 73, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/73-plate-spinning/", "name": "Plate Spinning", "native": "杂技转碟", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Many plates spin on thin poles.", "how_played": "Many plates spin on thin poles.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plate_Spinning_at_Acrobatics_show_in_Beijing_(5399920080).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00073-plate-spinning.jpg", "author": "Bernard McManus", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plate_Spinning_at_Acrobatics_show_in_Beijing_(5399920080).jpg" } }, { "id": 74, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/74-lawn-bowls/", "name": "Lawn bowls", "native": "Lawn bowls", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Australia", "New Zealand" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "AU", "NZ" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Roll biased bowls so they curve in toward a small white jack; the closest bowls to the jack score, and you can nudge or knock rivals aside.", "how_played": "Roll biased bowls so they curve in toward a small white jack; the closest bowls to the jack score, and you can nudge or knock rivals aside.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lawn_Bowls.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00074-lawn-bowls.jpg", "author": "PookieFugglestein", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lawn_Bowls.JPG" } }, { "id": 76, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/76-wave-riding/", "name": "Wave riding", "native": "Heʻe nalu / surfing", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Paddle into a swell, pop up and carve across the face of the wave, steering to stay in the pocket and dodge the foam as the wave breaks.", "how_played": "Paddle into a swell, pop up and carve across the face of the wave, steering to stay in the pocket and dodge the foam as the wave breaks.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_horde_-_Surfers_riding_a_wave_in_Paea,_Tahiti.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00076-wave-riding.jpg", "author": "Brigittebourger Brigitte Bourger", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_horde_-_Surfers_riding_a_wave_in_Paea,_Tahiti.jpg" } }, { "id": 77, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/77-greasy-pole-climb/", "name": "Greasy pole climb", "native": "Panjat pinang", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "A team stacks and climbs a slippery pole to reach prizes at the top; balance members on shoulders, pick who goes up, and shake off grease to win.", "how_played": "A team stacks and climbs a slippery pole to reach prizes at the top; balance members on shoulders, pick who goes up, and shake off grease to win.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panjat_Pinang_Indonesia.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00077-greasy-pole-climb.jpg", "author": "Dhani ilham", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panjat_Pinang_Indonesia.jpg" } }, { "id": 78, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/78-tent-pegging/", "name": "Tent pegging", "native": "نیزہ بازی", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Pakistan", "India" ], "country_codes": [ "PK", "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Tent pegging is a dexterity and skill game tradition from Pakistan, India.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Pakistan, India. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tent_pegging_(montage).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00078-tent-pegging.jpg", "author": "Mike Bostock", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tent_pegging_(montage).jpg" } }, { "id": 79, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/79-kathputli-string-puppets/", "name": "Kathputli string puppets", "native": "कठपुतली", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Pull string handles to make a puppet walk, bow and dance so it matches the music, then perform a short comedy scene for the crowd.", "how_played": "Pull string handles to make a puppet walk, bow and dance so it matches the music, then perform a short comedy scene for the crowd.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kathputli_(Puppet)_of_Rajasthan.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00079-kathputli-string-puppets.jpg", "author": "Manojmeena", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kathputli_(Puppet)_of_Rajasthan.jpg" } }, { "id": 80, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/80-kambala/", "name": "Kambala", "native": "ಕಂಬಳ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Kambala is a racing tradition from India.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kambala_race_held_at_paivalike_,kasargod.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00080-kambala.jpg", "author": "Sajith mv parappally", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kambala_race_held_at_paivalike_,kasargod.jpg" } }, { "id": 81, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/81-croquet/", "name": "Croquet", "native": "Jeu de mail / croquet", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Ireland", "France" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "IE", "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Strike balls with a mallet through hoops in order, using roquet and croquet shots to send opponents' balls away.", "how_played": "Strike balls with a mallet through hoops in order, using roquet and croquet shots to send opponents' balls away.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Ireland, France.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Photograph_depicting_men_and_women_playing_croquet_(14887617817).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00081-croquet.jpg", "author": "UBC Library Digitization Centre", "licence": "No restrictions", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Photograph_depicting_men_and_women_playing_croquet_(14887617817).jpg" } }, { "id": 82, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/82-nail-driving/", "name": "Nail driving", "native": "Hammerschlagen", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Germany" ], "country_codes": [ "DE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Take turns hitting the nail into a stump with the narrow end of a hammer; the one who sinks their nail first wins, a bent nail loses.", "how_played": "Take turns hitting the nail into a stump with the narrow end of a hammer; the one who sinks their nail first wins, a bent nail loses.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hammerschlagen_Oktoberfest_2016.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00082-nail-driving.jpg", "author": "Alan Light", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hammerschlagen_Oktoberfest_2016.jpg" } }, { "id": 83, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/83-morra/", "name": "Morra", "native": "Morra / mora", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Both players flash 1 to 5 fingers and shout a guess of the total; the exact guess scores a point, first to a target wins.", "how_played": "Both players flash 1 to 5 fingers and shout a guess of the total; the exact guess scores a point, first to a target wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_game_of_morra_(unknown_date),_by_Raffaello_Sorbi.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00083-morra.jpg", "author": "Raffaello Sorbi", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_game_of_morra_(unknown_date),_by_Raffaello_Sorbi.jpg" } }, { "id": 84, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/84-canal-ice-skating-marathon/", "name": "Canal ice-skating marathon", "native": "Schaatsen op natuurijs", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Canal ice-skating marathon is a racing tradition from Netherlands.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Elfstedentocht,_reportage,_Bestanddeelnr_906-2816.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00084-canal-ice-skating-marathon.jpg", "author": "Joop van Bilsen / Anefo", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Elfstedentocht,_reportage,_Bestanddeelnr_906-2816.jpg" } }, { "id": 85, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/85-wire-car/", "name": "Wire car", "native": "Galimoto (Chichewa) / wire-car", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Bend and bind a car from wire and scrap, pick wheels and a steering stick, then drive it along a dusty street track around obstacles.", "how_played": "Bend and bind a car from wire and scrap, pick wheels and a steering stick, then drive it along a dusty street track around obstacles.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wire_car.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00085-wire-car.jpg", "author": "Gwasheya", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wire_car.jpg" } }, { "id": 86, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/86-bogolan-mud-cloth/", "name": "Bogolan mud cloth", "native": "Bogolanfini", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mali" ], "country_codes": [ "ML" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Paint motifs in mud over a pale cloth, fill the negative space, then reveal the dark-and-cream pattern; match classic designs for stars.", "how_played": "Paint motifs in mud over a pale cloth, fill the negative space, then reveal the dark-and-cream pattern; match classic designs for stars.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mali. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BogolanMali4.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00086-bogolan-mud-cloth.jpg", "author": "BluesyPete", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BogolanMali4.JPG" } }, { "id": 87, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/87-adire-indigo-resist-dyeing/", "name": "Adire indigo resist dyeing", "native": "Adire", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nigeria" ], "country_codes": [ "NG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Tie, fold and stitch cloth to resist the dye, dip it in indigo, then unfold to see the pattern; recreate target patterns.", "how_played": "Tie, fold and stitch cloth to resist the dye, dip it in indigo, then unfold to see the pattern; recreate target patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adire_designs_on_stand.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00087-adire-indigo-resist-dyeing.jpg", "author": "Tunde Akangbe", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adire_designs_on_stand.jpg" } }, { "id": 88, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/88-zulu-beadwork-letters/", "name": "Zulu beadwork letters", "native": "Ubuhlalu / love letters", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Africa" ], "country_codes": [ "ZA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Place coloured beads in rows to form a pattern that sends a coded message, matching a colour key to compose your own letter.", "how_played": "Place coloured beads in rows to form a pattern that sends a coded message, matching a colour key to compose your own letter.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Africa.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Ethnology,_Osaka_-_Love_letter_made_of_beads_-_Zulu_people_in_South_Africa_-_Collected_in_1996.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00088-zulu-beadwork-letters.jpg", "author": "Yanajin33", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Ethnology,_Osaka_-_Love_letter_made_of_beads_-_Zulu_people_in_South_Africa_-_Collected_in_1996.jpg" } }, { "id": 89, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/89-agaseke-basket-weaving/", "name": "Agaseke basket weaving", "native": "Agaseke / Igiseke", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Rwanda" ], "country_codes": [ "RW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Coil sisal and grass in rising rings, switch colours at the right turns to make triangles and zigzags, finish with a lid.", "how_played": "Coil sisal and grass in rising rings, switch colours at the right turns to make triangles and zigzags, finish with a lid.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Rwanda.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agaseke_keza.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00089-agaseke-basket-weaving.jpg", "author": "Honorine Umutoni", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agaseke_keza.jpg" } }, { "id": 90, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/90-swahili-carved-door/", "name": "Swahili carved door", "native": "Mlango wa Zanzibar", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kenya" ], "country_codes": [ "KE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Chisel flowing floral and chain motifs into a wooden door, following guide lines, then fit brass studs and hang the door.", "how_played": "Chisel flowing floral and chain motifs into a wooden door, following guide lines, then fit brass studs and hang the door.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ornate_Carved_Door_in_Zanzibar.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00090-swahili-carved-door.jpg", "author": "Eric Kilby", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ornate_Carved_Door_in_Zanzibar.jpg" } }, { "id": 91, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/91-kuba-cloth-pattern-puzzle/", "name": "Kuba cloth pattern puzzle", "native": "Kuba raffia cloth", "alt": [], "countries": [ "DR Congo" ], "country_codes": [ "CD" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Rotate and slide squares of raffia appliqué so interlocking geometric designs line up into continuous cloth.", "how_played": "Rotate and slide squares of raffia appliqué so interlocking geometric designs line up into continuous cloth.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of DR Congo.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kuba_textile,_Congo.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00091-kuba-cloth-pattern-puzzle.jpg", "author": "Rhodapenmarck", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kuba_textile,_Congo.jpg" } }, { "id": 92, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/92-alebrije-painting/", "name": "Alebrije painting", "native": "Alebrijes de Oaxaca", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mexico" ], "country_codes": [ "MX" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Choose a carved fantasy creature and paint its body with dots, lines and leaves in bright patterns, matching colour harmonies to reach a master finish.", "how_played": "Choose a carved fantasy creature and paint its body with dots, lines and leaves in bright patterns, matching colour harmonies to reach a master finish.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mexico. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tres_alebrijes.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00092-alebrije-painting.jpg", "author": "Álvaro de la Paz Franco", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tres_alebrijes.jpg" } }, { "id": 93, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/93-toquilla-straw-hat-weaving/", "name": "Toquilla straw hat weaving", "native": "Sombrero de paja toquilla", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ecuador" ], "country_codes": [ "EC" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Weave pale straw strands outward from the crown centre in an over-under pattern, keeping tension and following a pattern chart until the brim is closed.", "how_played": "Weave pale straw strands outward from the crown centre in an over-under pattern, keeping tension and following a pattern chart until the brim is closed.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ecuador.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panama_clasic_semicalado_brisa_en_Araras_Wi.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00093-toquilla-straw-hat-weaving.jpg", "author": "Javier Mate", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panama_clasic_semicalado_brisa_en_Araras_Wi.jpg" } }, { "id": 94, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/94-fukuwarai/", "name": "Fukuwarai", "native": "福笑い", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "A blindfolded player places eyes, nose, brows and mouth on an empty face outline; the result is revealed and usually hilarious.", "how_played": "A blindfolded player places eyes, nose, brows and mouth on an empty face outline; the result is revealed and usually hilarious.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NDL-DC_1309703_Toyohara_Chikanobu_福わらひ_crd.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00094-fukuwarai.jpg", "author": "Toyohara Chikanobu", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NDL-DC_1309703_Toyohara_Chikanobu_福わらひ_crd.jpg" } }, { "id": 95, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/95-karesansui/", "name": "Karesansui", "native": "枯山水", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Rake gravel into flowing lines around rocks so every ripple is unbroken and balanced, meeting a garden brief.", "how_played": "Rake gravel into flowing lines around rocks so every ripple is unbroken and balanced, meeting a garden brief.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hōkoku-ji,_Rock_Garden_(Zen_garden)_001.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00095-karesansui.jpg", "author": "Naokijp", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hōkoku-ji,_Rock_Garden_(Zen_garden)_001.jpg" } }, { "id": 96, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/96-temari-thread-ball-patterns/", "name": "Temari Thread-Ball Patterns", "native": "手毬", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Wrap a ball with guide lines, then stitch thread bands to complete geometric patterns by dragging along the guide marks on a 3D sphere.", "how_played": "Wrap a ball with guide lines, then stitch thread bands to complete geometric patterns by dragging along the guide marks on a 3D sphere.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_folk_art;_Temari%EF%BC%9B%E6%89%8B%E9%9E%A0.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00096-temari-thread-ball-patterns.jpg", "author": "Conveyor belt sushi", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_folk_art;_Temari%EF%BC%9B%E6%89%8B%E9%9E%A0.jpg" } }, { "id": 97, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/97-kumiko-lattice/", "name": "Kumiko lattice", "native": "組子", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Fit tiny notched wooden slats into a frame to build geometric lattice patterns such as hemp-leaf and star, using the fewest pieces.", "how_played": "Fit tiny notched wooden slats into a frame to build geometric lattice patterns such as hemp-leaf and star, using the fewest pieces.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kumiko.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00097-kumiko-lattice.jpg", "author": "Sergei Sarin", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kumiko.jpg" } }, { "id": 98, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/98-ikebana/", "name": "Ikebana", "native": "生け花", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Choose stems and place them at set angles and heights in a vase to meet a style guide, then get scored on balance and space.", "how_played": "Choose stems and place them at set angles and heights in a vase to meet a style guide, then get scored on balance and space.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ikebana_exhibition_at_Meguro_Gajoen_2018_10.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00098-ikebana.jpg", "author": "Gryffindor", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ikebana_exhibition_at_Meguro_Gajoen_2018_10.jpg" } }, { "id": 99, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/99-luban-lock/", "name": "Luban lock", "native": "鲁班锁 / 孔明锁", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Interlocking notched wooden sticks must be taken apart and reassembled without glue or nails; each sixth piece slides in last.", "how_played": "Interlocking notched wooden sticks must be taken apart and reassembled without glue or nails; each sixth piece slides in last.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burr_puzzle_-_exhibited_in_Macau.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00099-luban-lock.jpg", "author": "Pauloleong2002", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burr_puzzle_-_exhibited_in_Macau.jpg" } }, { "id": 100, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/100-dalgona/", "name": "Dalgona", "native": "달고나 / 뽑기", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Carefully trace and snap out a shape from a thin sugar disc with a needle, without cracking it.", "how_played": "Carefully trace and snap out a shape from a thin sugar disc with a needle, without cracking it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_dalgona.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00100-dalgona.jpg", "author": "도자놀자", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_dalgona.jpg" } }, { "id": 101, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/101-ger-raising/", "name": "Ger raising", "native": "гэр", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mongolia" ], "country_codes": [ "MN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Assemble lattice walls, roof poles and crown ring in the correct order, then wrap felt and tie ropes before a weather timer ends.", "how_played": "Assemble lattice walls, roof poles and crown ring in the correct order, then wrap felt and tie ropes before a weather timer ends.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barun-Ger06.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00101-ger-raising.jpg", "author": "Vadas Robert (Vadaro)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barun-Ger06.JPG" } }, { "id": 102, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/102-khokhloma-pattern-painting/", "name": "Khokhloma Pattern Painting", "native": "Хохлома", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Brush gold-ground wooden bowls and spoons with red and black berries, curling leaves and grass sprigs by dragging strokes along guide curves, then 'bake' the finish to a golden glow.", "how_played": "Brush gold-ground wooden bowls and spoons with red and black berries, curling leaves and grass sprigs by dragging strokes along guide curves, then 'bake' the finish to a golden glow.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khokhloma_Hochloma_20090814_01.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00102-khokhloma-pattern-painting.jpg", "author": "Politikaner", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khokhloma_Hochloma_20090814_01.JPG" } }, { "id": 103, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/103-cross-stitch-pattern-weaving/", "name": "Cross-Stitch Pattern Weaving", "native": "Вишивка (vyshyvka)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ukraine" ], "country_codes": [ "UA" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Fill a counted-thread grid stitch by stitch in red and black to reproduce diamond, star and zigzag borders on a linen cloth; solve charts of increasing size.", "how_played": "Fill a counted-thread grid stitch by stitch in red and black to reproduce diamond, star and zigzag borders on a linen cloth; solve charts of increasing size.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ukraine. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Рушник_12.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00103-cross-stitch-pattern-weaving.jpg", "author": "Харковець Марія", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Рушник_12.jpg" } }, { "id": 104, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/104-ikat-pattern-dyeing/", "name": "Ikat Pattern Dyeing", "native": "Ikat / Abr", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uzbekistan" ], "country_codes": [ "UZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Bind and dye warp threads in blurred-edge patterns, then 'weave' to reveal a cloth whose feathered motifs only appear at the end; match target designs with the fewest dye steps.", "how_played": "Bind and dye warp threads in blurred-edge patterns, then 'weave' to reveal a cloth whose feathered motifs only appear at the end; match target designs with the fewest dye steps.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uzbekistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adras_(Ikat)_ʼLanceʼ._1990s._Silk,_cotton.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00104-ikat-pattern-dyeing.jpg", "author": "Panpanchik", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adras_(Ikat)_ʼLanceʼ._1990s._Silk,_cotton.jpg" } }, { "id": 105, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/105-batik-wax-resist-pattern-studio/", "name": "Batik wax-resist pattern studio", "native": "Batik tulis", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia", "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID", "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Draw wax lines with a canting to protect areas, dip the cloth in dye baths from light to dark, then boil off the wax; plan resist layers to reveal a target pattern.", "how_played": "Draw wax lines with a canting to protect areas, dip the cloth in dye baths from light to dark, then boil off the wax; plan resist layers to reveal a target pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia, Malaysia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Batik_Artisan_Applying_Wax_with_Canting_in_Trusmi_Cirebon_Indonesia.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00105-batik-wax-resist-pattern-studio.jpg", "author": "Ahaetulla", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Batik_Artisan_Applying_Wax_with_Canting_in_Trusmi_Cirebon_Indonesia.jpg" } }, { "id": 106, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/106-shibori-indigo-fold/", "name": "Shibori Indigo Fold", "native": "Shibori 絞り", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan", "India" ], "country_codes": [ "JP", "IN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Fold, bind and clamp a cloth in a chosen way, dip it in indigo, then unfold to reveal the pattern your folds made.", "how_played": "Fold, bind and clamp a cloth in a chosen way, dip it in indigo, then unfold to reveal the pattern your folds made.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan, India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indigo_Dyed_Shibori_Quilt.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00106-shibori-indigo-fold.jpg", "author": "Saimon2000bd", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indigo_Dyed_Shibori_Quilt.JPG" } }, { "id": 107, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/107-kumihimo-braid-disk/", "name": "Kumihimo Braid Disk", "native": "Kumihimo 組紐", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Move coloured threads between notches of a disk in a fixed sequence to braid a cord; match a target pattern.", "how_played": "Move coloured threads between notches of a disk in a fixed sequence to braid a cord; match a target pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kumihimo_Five_Braids.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00107-kumihimo-braid-disk.jpg", "author": "Ködermaus", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kumihimo_Five_Braids.jpg" } }, { "id": 108, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/108-bobbin-lace-making/", "name": "Bobbin lace making", "native": "Kloppeln / dentelle aux fuseaux", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Belgium" ], "country_codes": [ "BE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Cross and twist pairs of bobbins following a pricked pattern to weave a lace strip; the order of crossings is the puzzle.", "how_played": "Cross and twist pairs of bobbins following a pricked pattern to weave a lace strip; the order of crossings is the puzzle.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belgium.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cantu_bobbin_lace_collar.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00108-bobbin-lace-making.jpg", "author": "Mmangan333", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cantu_bobbin_lace_collar.jpg" } }, { "id": 109, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/109-sangaku-geometry-puzzles/", "name": "Sangaku Geometry Puzzles", "native": "算額", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Elegant circle-and-polygon problems from Edo-era tablets: place, resize or measure shapes so tangent circles and areas match a target.", "how_played": "Elegant circle-and-polygon problems from Edo-era tablets: place, resize or measure shapes so tangent circles and areas match a target.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sangaku_of_Konnoh_Hachimangu_1850.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00109-sangaku-geometry-puzzles.jpg", "author": "Momotarou2012", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sangaku_of_Konnoh_Hachimangu_1850.jpg" } }, { "id": 110, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/110-tavern-nail-and-wire-puzzles/", "name": "Tavern Nail and Wire Puzzles", "native": "Wirrwarr / Nagelspiele", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Germany", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "DE", "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Untangle iron rings off a horseshoe or loop, or balance a dozen nails on one nail head (the nail balancing challenge) by sliding or hooking parts.", "how_played": "Untangle iron rings off a horseshoe or loop, or balance a dozen nails on one nail head (the nail balancing challenge) by sliding or hooking parts.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany, United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:50naegel-nagelprobe-magicnails-berchtesgadener.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00110-tavern-nail-and-wire-puzzles.jpg", "author": "Merkel", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:50naegel-nagelprobe-magicnails-berchtesgadener.jpg" } }, { "id": 111, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/111-lo-shu-magic-square/", "name": "Lo Shu Magic Square", "native": "洛书", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Place the numbers 1 to 9 on a 3x3 grid so every row, column and diagonal sums to 15, then climb to larger sizes and variants.", "how_played": "Place the numbers 1 to 9 on a 3x3 grid so every row, column and diagonal sums to 15, then climb to larger sizes and variants.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lo_Shu_square.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00111-lo-shu-magic-square.jpg", "author": "Неизвестен", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lo_Shu_square.jpg" } }, { "id": 112, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/112-sailors-knotwork-and-turks-head/", "name": "Sailor's Knotwork and Turk's Head", "native": "Knots at sea", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Follow the lead around a cylinder to weave a decorative Turk's head or lanyard braid by dragging rope over and under strands.", "how_played": "Follow the lead around a cylinder to weave a decorative Turk's head or lanyard braid by dragging rope over and under strands.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3x4_turk_head_knot.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00112-sailors-knotwork-and-turks-head.jpg", "author": "Zaripov999", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3x4_turk_head_knot.jpg" } }, { "id": 113, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/113-lusona-sand-drawings/", "name": "Lusona Sand Drawings", "native": "Sona / lusona", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Angola", "Zambia", "DR Congo" ], "country_codes": [ "AO", "ZM", "CD" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Trace one continuous line around a grid of dots without lifting your finger or retracing, so the line encloses every dot and returns to start.", "how_played": "Trace one continuous line around a grid of dots without lifting your finger or retracing, so the line encloses every dot and returns to start.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Angola, Zambia, DR Congo.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lusona_1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00113-lusona-sand-drawings.jpg", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lusona_1.jpg" } }, { "id": 114, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/114-thai-fruit-and-vegetable-carving/", "name": "Thai fruit and vegetable carving", "native": "Kae sa lak", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Trace petal cuts with a small knife on a melon or gourd, layering curved cuts from the centre outward to bloom a flower within a limit of mistakes.", "how_played": "Trace petal cuts with a small knife on a melon or gourd, layering curved cuts from the centre outward to bloom a flower within a limit of mistakes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fruit_Carving_(9453184585).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00114-thai-fruit-and-vegetable-carving.jpg", "author": "Kurt Bauschardt", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fruit_Carving_(9453184585).jpg" } }, { "id": 115, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/115-dhaka-weave-pattern-loom/", "name": "Dhaka weave pattern loom", "native": "ढाका", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "country_codes": [ "NP" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Fill a loom grid by choosing weft thread colours to reproduce geometric Dhaka bands row by row, then see the finished cloth become a cap or shawl.", "how_played": "Fill a loom grid by choosing weft thread colours to reproduce geometric Dhaka bands row by row, then see the finished cloth become a cap or shawl.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nepal.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dhaka_topi_nepal's.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00115-dhaka-weave-pattern-loom.jpg", "author": "Masuriya-Hem chand", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dhaka_topi_nepal's.jpg" } }, { "id": 116, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/116-pakistani-truck-art/", "name": "Pakistani truck art", "native": "ٹرک آرٹ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Pakistan", "India" ], "country_codes": [ "PK", "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Decorate a truck panel by panel: pick borders, flowers, birds, calligraphy-style lettering shapes and mirror work, then drive it through a bazaar for the crowd to rate.", "how_played": "Decorate a truck panel by panel: pick borders, flowers, birds, calligraphy-style lettering shapes and mirror work, then drive it through a bazaar for the crowd to rate.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Pakistan, India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Truck_art_in_Pakistan.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00116-pakistani-truck-art.jpg", "author": "imusasheikh", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Truck_art_in_Pakistan.jpg" } }, { "id": 117, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/117-warli-painting/", "name": "Warli painting", "native": "वारली", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Draw stick-figure scenes from circles, triangles and lines on a mud-wall canvas, completing village life scenes and ring dances.", "how_played": "Draw stick-figure scenes from circles, triangles and lines on a mud-wall canvas, completing village life scenes and ring dances.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Warli_painting.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00117-warli-painting.jpg", "author": "Omrmankar", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Warli_painting.jpg" } }, { "id": 118, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/118-block-printing/", "name": "Block printing", "native": "छपाई", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Stamp carved blocks in the correct order and alignment on cloth to build repeating borders and fields, with dye colours that mix.", "how_played": "Stamp carved blocks in the correct order and alignment on cloth to build repeating borders and fields, with dye colours that mix.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_doing_Block_Printing_at_Bagru_village,_Jaipur,_India.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00118-block-printing.jpg", "author": "Anildiggiwal", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_doing_Block_Printing_at_Bagru_village,_Jaipur,_India.jpg" } }, { "id": 119, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/119-castells/", "name": "Castells", "native": "Castells", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "ES" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Castells is a puzzles and mind game tradition from Spain.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Spain.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00119-castells.jpg", "author": "Eric Sala & Tania Garcia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/3d10_fm_de_vilafranca.jpg" } }, { "id": 120, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/120-rosemaling/", "name": "Rosemaling", "native": "Rosemaling", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Norway" ], "country_codes": [ "NO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Choose a bowl or box and paint C-scrolls, flowers and leaves along guide curves with a drawn brush stroke, judged on flow.", "how_played": "Choose a bowl or box and paint C-scrolls, flowers and leaves along guide curves with a drawn brush stroke, judged on flow.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Norway.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rosemaling.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00120-rosemaling.jpg", "author": "Erik A. Drablos", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rosemaling.jpg" } }, { "id": 121, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/121-glassblowing/", "name": "Glassblowing", "native": "Soffiatura del vetro", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Gather molten glass, then blow, spin, pinch and pull with timed gestures to form a goblet or vase to match the shape.", "how_played": "Gather molten glass, then blow, spin, pinch and pull with timed gestures to form a goblet or vase to match the shape.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Murano_glassblowing_demo_2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00121-glassblowing.jpg", "author": "Wknight94", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Murano_glassblowing_demo_2.jpg" } }, { "id": 122, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/122-azulejo-tile-painting/", "name": "Azulejo tile painting", "native": "Azulejo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Portugal" ], "country_codes": [ "PT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Place and paint blue-and-white tiles so a panel pattern or scene lines up across a wall.", "how_played": "Place and paint blue-and-white tiles so a panel pattern or scene lines up across a wall.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Portugal. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Azulejo_December_2012-8a.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00122-azulejo-tile-painting.jpg", "author": "Alvesgaspar", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Azulejo_December_2012-8a.jpg" } }, { "id": 123, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/123-gumboot-dance-rhythm/", "name": "Gumboot dance rhythm", "native": "Isicathulo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Africa" ], "country_codes": [ "ZA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "repeat each pattern then add the next.", "how_played": "repeat each pattern then add the next.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Africa.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gumboot_dance.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00123-gumboot-dance-rhythm.jpg", "author": "Maansi Agrawal", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gumboot_dance.jpg" } }, { "id": 124, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/124-valiha-tube-zither/", "name": "Valiha tube zither", "native": "Valiha", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Madagascar" ], "country_codes": [ "MG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Pluck strings that run around a bamboo tube with two hands, following falling notes to play melodies, with a free mode of chord layers.", "how_played": "Pluck strings that run around a bamboo tube with two hands, following falling notes to play melodies, with a free mode of chord layers.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Madagascar.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valiha_player_in_Ambohimahasoa.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00124-valiha-tube-zither.jpg", "author": "Rob Hooft", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valiha_player_in_Ambohimahasoa.jpg" } }, { "id": 126, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/126-krar-lyre/", "name": "Krar lyre", "native": "Krar", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ethiopia", "Eritrea" ], "country_codes": [ "ET", "ER" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Pluck a five or six-string bowl lyre to follow notes through pentatonic scales, then compose small songs.", "how_played": "Pluck a five or six-string bowl lyre to follow notes through pentatonic scales, then compose small songs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ethiopia, Eritrea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Krar_Linden-Museum_F55878.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00126-krar-lyre.jpg", "author": "User:KarlHeinrich", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Krar_Linden-Museum_F55878.jpg" } }, { "id": 129, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/129-square-dance-caller/", "name": "Square dance caller", "native": "Square dance calling", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Read the caller's commands (swing, allemande, do-si-do, promenade) and move four couples on the floor so everyone ends where called.", "how_played": "Read the caller's commands (swing, allemande, do-si-do, promenade) and move four couples on the floor so everyone ends where called.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Square_Dance_Group.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00129-square-dance-caller.jpg", "author": "Deirdre 13:59, 24 January 2007 (UTC)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Square_Dance_Group.jpg" } }, { "id": 130, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/130-joropo-llanero-band/", "name": "Joropo llanero band", "native": "Joropo llanero", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Venezuela", "Colombia" ], "country_codes": [ "VE", "CO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Play the fast triplet strum of the cuatro, shake the maracas and pluck the harp, joining a plains band that builds a lively tune.", "how_played": "Play the fast triplet strum of the cuatro, shake the maracas and pluck the harp, joining a plains band that builds a lively tune.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Venezuela, Colombia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arpa,_cuatro,_maracas,_bajo_y_animador..jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00130-joropo-llanero-band.jpg", "author": "Axoben Bastidas", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arpa,_cuatro,_maracas,_bajo_y_animador..jpg" } }, { "id": 131, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/131-otedama/", "name": "Otedama", "native": "お手玉", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Toss and catch two to five cloth beanbags in set patterns (one up, scoop, chain), finishing each pattern without a drop; songs set the rhythm.", "how_played": "Toss and catch two to five cloth beanbags in set patterns (one up, scoop, chain), finishing each pattern without a drop; songs set the rhythm.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Otedama_-_2020.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00131-otedama.jpg", "author": "つくる暮らし", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Otedama_-_2020.jpg" } }, { "id": 132, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/132-dizi/", "name": "Dizi", "native": "笛子", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Blow-and-cover finger holes in time to scrolling notes; the membrane hole gives a buzzing bright tone.", "how_played": "Blow-and-cover finger holes in time to scrolling notes; the membrane hole gives a buzzing bright tone.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dizi_MET_mi65.149.R.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00132-dizi.jpg", "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dizi_MET_mi65.149.R.jpg" } }, { "id": 133, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/133-balalaika/", "name": "Balalaika", "native": "Балалайка", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Balalaika is a musical instrument tradition from Russia.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_prima_balalaika_and_a_bass_balalaika.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00133-balalaika.jpg", "author": "Cullen328", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_prima_balalaika_and_a_bass_balalaika.jpg" } }, { "id": 134, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/134-balkan-kolo/", "name": "Balkan Kolo", "native": "Коло", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Serbia", "Croatia", "Bulgaria", "North Macedonia" ], "country_codes": [ "RS", "HR", "BG", "MK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Balkan Kolo is a dance tradition from Serbia, Croatia.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Serbia, Croatia, Bulgaria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Šopsko_kolo,_XVIII_Duna.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00134-balkan-kolo.jpg", "author": "Wilfredor", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Šopsko_kolo,_XVIII_Duna.jpg" } }, { "id": 135, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/135-fujara/", "name": "Fujara", "native": "Fujara", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Slovakia" ], "country_codes": [ "SK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Blow into the mic or hold to set the breath, press finger holes and pitch overtones to climb a melody; the 2 m tube hums with low drone sounds.", "how_played": "Blow into the mic or hold to set the breath, press finger holes and pitch overtones to climb a melody; the 2 m tube hums with low drone sounds.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Slovakia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palo_Cepcek_Slovakia_25.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00135-fujara.jpg", "author": "Palo Čepček", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palo_Cepcek_Slovakia_25.jpg" } }, { "id": 136, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/136-kankles/", "name": "Kanklės", "native": "Kanklės", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lithuania" ], "country_codes": [ "LT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Pluck and sweep the strings of a lap zither shown from above; follow lit strings to play folk melodies and the layered 'sutartinės' canon songs.", "how_played": "Pluck and sweep the strings of a lap zither shown from above; follow lit strings to play folk melodies and the layered 'sutartinės' canon songs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lithuania. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kankles.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00136-kankles.jpg", "author": "b.gliwa", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kankles.jpg" } }, { "id": 138, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/138-santur-hammer-strings/", "name": "Santur Hammer Strings", "native": "Santur / santoor", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran", "Iraq", "India", "Greece" ], "country_codes": [ "IR", "IQ", "IN", "GR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Strike a trapezoid of strings with two mallets, following falling notes through a modal scale, then improvise in free mode.", "how_played": "Strike a trapezoid of strings with two mallets, following falling notes through a modal scale, then improvise in free mode.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran, Iraq, India. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20250418_Sedat_Anar_playing_santur.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00138-santur-hammer-strings.jpg", "author": "Tpinar", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20250418_Sedat_Anar_playing_santur.jpg" } }, { "id": 139, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/139-erhu-two-string-fiddle/", "name": "Erhu Two-String Fiddle", "native": "Erhu 二胡", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "pitch follows finger position and bow pressure.", "how_played": "pitch follows finger position and bow pressure.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erhu_playing.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00139-erhu-two-string-fiddle.jpg", "author": "WANGYIFAN2024", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erhu_playing.jpg" } }, { "id": 141, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/141-tinikling/", "name": "Tinikling", "native": "Tinikling", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Two bamboo poles are clapped together and apart to a beat while the dancer hops in and out between them.", "how_played": "Two bamboo poles are clapped together and apart to a beat while the dancer hops in and out between them.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tinikling.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00141-tinikling.jpg", "author": "U.S. Air Force / Senior Airman Nestor Cruz", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tinikling.jpg" } }, { "id": 142, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/142-angklung-bamboo-chime-ensemble/", "name": "Angklung bamboo chime ensemble", "native": "Angklung", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Each shaken bamboo frame plays one note; you hold a few notes and shake them exactly when the falling cue reaches the line so that together they form a melody.", "how_played": "Each shaken bamboo frame plays one note; you hold a few notes and shake them exactly when the falling cue reaches the line so that together they form a melody.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pertunjukan_Angklung_di_Saung_Angklung_Udjo.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00142-angklung-bamboo-chime-ensemble.jpg", "author": "Irhanz", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pertunjukan_Angklung_di_Saung_Angklung_Udjo.jpg" } }, { "id": 143, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/143-dan-bau/", "name": "Dan bau", "native": "Đàn bầu", "alt": [ "Đàn bầu" ], "countries": [ "Vietnam" ], "country_codes": [ "VN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Pluck the single string and bend the pitch by moving a flexible rod with a finger; slide along the guide line to match the sung melody notes.", "how_played": "Pluck the single string and bend the pitch by moving a flexible rod with a finger; slide along the guide line to match the sung melody notes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vietnam.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dan_bau_(monochord)_-_Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology_-_Hanoi,_Vietnam_-_DSC02538.JPG", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_b%E1%BA%A7u" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00143-dan-bau.jpg", "author": "Daderot", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dan_bau_(monochord)_-_Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology_-_Hanoi,_Vietnam_-_DSC02538.JPG" } }, { "id": 144, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/144-ukulele-strum-along/", "name": "Ukulele strum-along", "native": "'Ukulele", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States", "Portugal" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "PT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Ukulele strum-along is a musical instrument tradition from United States, Portugal.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Portugal.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hawaiian_musician_with_ukulele._Taken_during_the_Pan-American_Exposition_held_in_Buffalo,_NY_in_1901_(PP-33-4-016)_(cropped).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00144-ukulele-strum-along.jpg", "author": "Beach Photo Studio, Buffalo, NY", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hawaiian_musician_with_ukulele._Taken_during_the_Pan-American_Exposition_held_in_Buffalo,_NY_in_1901_(PP-33-4-016)_(cropped).jpg" } }, { "id": 145, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/145-khene/", "name": "Khene", "native": "Khene / แคน", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Laos" ], "country_codes": [ "LA" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "the continuous breath sound loops without pause.", "how_played": "the continuous breath sound loops without pause.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Laos. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khene.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00145-khene.jpg", "author": "Soinuenea - Herri Musikaren Txokoa", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khene.jpg" } }, { "id": 146, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/146-luksong-tinik/", "name": "Luksong tinik", "native": "Luksong tinik", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Two players sit facing each other and stack hands as a rising 'thorn' hurdle while the jumper runs and vaults over it.", "how_played": "Two players sit facing each other and stack hands as a rising 'thorn' hurdle while the jumper runs and vaults over it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luksong_Tinik.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00146-luksong-tinik.jpg", "author": "Thorn Hurdles (Pearl of the Orient: Discover Old Philippines)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luksong_Tinik.jpg" } }, { "id": 149, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/149-bansuri-bamboo-flute/", "name": "Bansuri bamboo flute", "native": "बाँसुरी", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Nepal" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "NP" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Bansuri bamboo flute is a musical instrument tradition from India, Nepal.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Nepal.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_scales_of_Bansuris_in_a_set.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00149-bansuri-bamboo-flute.jpg", "author": "Vamsivadrevu", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_scales_of_Bansuris_in_a_set.jpg" } }, { "id": 150, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/150-mallakhamb/", "name": "Mallakhamb", "native": "मल्लखांब", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Mallakhamb is a dexterity and skill game tradition from India.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Performing_mallakhamb.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00150-mallakhamb.jpg", "author": "Adarsh Upadhyay", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Performing_mallakhamb.jpg" } }, { "id": 151, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/151-santoor/", "name": "Santoor", "native": "سنتور", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Strike strings with two light mallets on a trapezoid to match falling notes and play scales and folk tunes, with the sound ringing out.", "how_played": "Strike strings with two light mallets on a trapezoid to match falling notes and play scales and folk tunes, with the sound ringing out.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Madan_Oak_Santoor_1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00151-santoor.jpg", "author": "Madan Oak", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Madan_Oak_Santoor_1.jpg" } }, { "id": 152, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/152-kantele/", "name": "Kantele", "native": "Kantele", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Finland" ], "country_codes": [ "FI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Pluck the glowing strings in order as notes drift down, then improvise freely on a five-string diatonic board.", "how_played": "Pluck the glowing strings in order as notes drift down, then improvise freely on a five-string diatonic board.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Finland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Concert_kantele.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00152-kantele.jpg", "author": "Paul Lenz", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Concert_kantele.jpg" } }, { "id": 153, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/153-hurdy-gurdy/", "name": "Hurdy-gurdy", "native": "Vielle a roue", "alt": [], "countries": [ "France" ], "country_codes": [ "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Turn the crank for a continuous drone while pressing the keys on time to play the tune and the buzzing trompette beat.", "how_played": "Turn the crank for a continuous drone while pressing the keys on time to play the tune and the buzzing trompette beat.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of France.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hurdy_Gurdy_1,_MIM_Berlin.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00153-hurdy-gurdy.jpg", "author": "Thomas Quine", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hurdy_Gurdy_1,_MIM_Berlin.jpg" } }, { "id": 155, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/155-turkish-dama/", "name": "Turkish Dama", "native": "Dama", "alt": [ "Turkish draughts", "Türk daması", "Dama (draughts)" ], "countries": [ "Turkey", "Turkmenistan", "Ethiopia", "Eritrea", "Iraq", "Syria", "Lebanon" ], "country_codes": [ "TR", "TM", "ET", "ER", "IQ", "SY", "LB" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Sixteen men per side start on the second and third ranks; pieces step forward or sideways, capture by jumping orthogonally (never diagonally), must take the maximum capture, and promoted kings fly the length of the...", "how_played": "Sixteen men per side start on the second and third ranks; pieces step forward or sideways, capture by jumping orthogonally (never diagonally), must take the maximum capture, and promoted kings fly the length of the board.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turkish_draughts.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_draughts", "https://www.mindsports.nl/index.php/arena/draughts/502-dama-turkish-draughts", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draughts", "https://gamesindustryafrica.com/2023/05/10/ethiopian-fit-jaktech-brings-popular-checkers-game-to-google-playstore/", "https://checkers.fandom.com/wiki/Dama" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00155-turkish-dama.jpg", "author": "Daryona", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turkish_draughts.jpg" } }, { "id": 156, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/156-cirit/", "name": "Cirit", "native": "Cirit", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Two mounted teams gallop across a field; a rider charges, hurls a blunt wooden javelin at an opponent, then wheels away before being hit in return.", "how_played": "Two mounted teams gallop across a field; a rider charges, hurls a blunt wooden javelin at an opponent, then wheels away before being hit in return.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cirit%C3%A7iler.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00156-cirit.jpg", "author": "Karagozerkan", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cirit%C3%A7iler.jpg" } }, { "id": 157, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/157-tahtib/", "name": "Tahtib", "native": "Tahtib / Tahtib", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Two players face off with long wooden staffs in a stylised duel of timed strikes and blocks that stays a graceful dance with no real hits.", "how_played": "Two players face off with long wooden staffs in a stylised duel of timed strikes and blocks that stays a graceful dance with no real hits.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tahtib,_Mawlid_Al-Ashi,_Luxor_05.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00157-tahtib.jpg", "author": "ولاء", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tahtib,_Mawlid_Al-Ashi,_Luxor_05.jpg" } }, { "id": 158, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/158-mheibes/", "name": "Mheibes", "native": "Mheibes / Muhaibis", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iraq" ], "country_codes": [ "IQ" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "One team hides a ring in one of its members' fists; the opposing captain studies faces and gestures and points to eliminate hands until the ring is found, earning or losing counters.", "how_played": "One team hides a ring in one of its members' fists; the opposing captain studies faces and gestures and points to eliminate hands until the ring is found, earning or losing counters.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iraq.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mheibes_decision.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00158-mheibes.jpg", "author": "Sinan Saeed", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mheibes_decision.jpg" } }, { "id": 160, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/160-qanat-water-tunnels/", "name": "Qanat Water Tunnels", "native": "قنات", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Dig and connect sloped underground channels from a mountain aquifer to a village while avoiding collapses, sharing water between fields and orchards.", "how_played": "Dig and connect sloped underground channels from a mountain aquifer to a village while avoiding collapses, sharing water between fields and orchards.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L%E2%80%99int%C3%A9rieur_d%E2%80%99un_qanat_en_iran.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00160-qanat-water-tunnels.jpg", "author": "NAEINSUN", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L%E2%80%99int%C3%A9rieur_d%E2%80%99un_qanat_en_iran.jpg" } }, { "id": 161, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/161-persian-carpet-knotting/", "name": "Persian Carpet Knotting", "native": "فرش دستباف", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran", "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "IR", "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Colour in a knot-by-knot grid to weave medallion, boteh and garden patterns, matching a traditional design before the wool runs out.", "how_played": "Colour in a knot-by-knot grid to weave medallion, boteh and garden patterns, matching a traditional design before the wool runs out.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran, Turkey. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nain_rug.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00161-persian-carpet-knotting.jpg", "author": "Fabienkhan", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nain_rug.jpg" } }, { "id": 162, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/162-qanun/", "name": "Qanun", "native": "قانون", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkey", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan" ], "country_codes": [ "TR", "AM", "AZ" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Players pluck the strings with fingerpicks and flick the small levers beside each course to reach quarter-tone notes in Arabic and Turkish melodies.", "how_played": "Players pluck the strings with fingerpicks and flick the small levers beside each course to reach quarter-tone notes in Arabic and Turkish melodies.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Q%C4%81n%C5%ABn_-_MET_89.4.330.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00162-qanun.jpg", "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Q%C4%81n%C5%ABn_-_MET_89.4.330.jpg" } }, { "id": 163, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/163-lavash-baking/", "name": "Lavash Baking", "native": "Լավաշ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Armenia" ], "country_codes": [ "AM" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Roll, stretch and slap thin dough onto the wall of a hot clay oven, then pull it out at the right moment before it burns, filling orders for a village market.", "how_played": "Roll, stretch and slap thin dough onto the wall of a hot clay oven, then pull it out at the right moment before it burns, filling orders for a village market.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Armenia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lavash_Bakers_(1).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00163-lavash-baking.jpg", "author": "Armineaghayan", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lavash_Bakers_(1).jpg" } }, { "id": 164, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/164-tbourida/", "name": "Tbourida", "native": "Tbourida / Fantasia", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Morocco" ], "country_codes": [ "MA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Sports with animal partners", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "A line of riders gallops in formation and must fire their blank powder charges in one perfect volley on a signal, judged for unity.", "how_played": "A line of riders gallops in formation and must fire their blank powder charges in one perfect volley on a signal, judged for unity.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Morocco. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moroccan_Tbourida_or_Fantasia.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00164-tbourida.jpg", "author": "Houssain tork", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moroccan_Tbourida_or_Fantasia.jpg" } }, { "id": 165, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/165-kamancha/", "name": "Kamancha", "native": "Kamança / Kamānche", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Azerbaijan", "Iran", "Armenia" ], "country_codes": [ "AZ", "IR", "AM" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Kamancha is a musical instrument tradition from Azerbaijan, Iran.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Azerbaijan, Iran, Armenia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kamancha,_1950.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00165-kamancha.jpg", "author": "Toghrul R", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kamancha,_1950.jpg" } }, { "id": 166, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/166-laamb-wrestling-bout/", "name": "Laamb Wrestling Bout", "native": "Laamb", "alt": [ "Laamb", "Lutte" ], "countries": [ "Senegal", "Gambia" ], "country_codes": [ "SN", "GM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Two wrestlers grapple in a sand ring.", "how_played": "Two wrestlers grapple in a sand ring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Senegal, Gambia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SenegaleseWrestling2.JPG", "https://www.senegal-online.com/la-culture-du-jeu-au-senegal-histoire-traditions-et-perspectives-davenir/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00166-laamb-wrestling-bout.jpg", "author": "KaBa (KaaBaa)", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SenegaleseWrestling2.JPG" } }, { "id": 167, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/167-yote-capture-grid/", "name": "Yote Capture Grid", "native": "Yoté", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Senegal", "Mali", "Burkina Faso" ], "country_codes": [ "SN", "ML", "BF" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Players drop 12 pieces one at a time onto a 5x6 grid, move one step, and jump an enemy to capture it plus a bonus second piece of choice taken from anywhere.", "how_played": "Players drop 12 pieces one at a time onto a 5x6 grid, move one step, and jump an enemy to capture it plus a bonus second piece of choice taken from anywhere.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yote_board.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00167-yote-capture-grid.jpg", "author": "Esc861", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yote_board.JPG" } }, { "id": 168, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/168-balafon-gourd-xylophone/", "name": "Balafon Gourd Xylophone", "native": "Bala / balafon", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mali", "Guinea", "Burkina Faso" ], "country_codes": [ "ML", "GN", "BF" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Balafon Gourd Xylophone is a musical instrument tradition from Mali, Guinea.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balafon_(Aly_Keita)_Unterfahrt_2010-03-11-001.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00168-balafon-gourd-xylophone.jpg", "author": "OhWeh", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balafon_(Aly_Keita)_Unterfahrt_2010-03-11-001.jpg" } }, { "id": 169, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/169-bozo-net-casting/", "name": "Bozo Net Casting", "native": "Pêche à l'épervier (Bozo fishing)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Niger", "Mali" ], "country_codes": [ "NE", "ML" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Stand in a canoe and swing a weighted circular net in a flick-and-spin so it opens fully over a shoal; choose river, season and depth.", "how_played": "Stand in a canoe and swing a weighted circular net in a flick-and-spin so it opens fully over a shoal; choose river, season and depth.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Niger, Mali. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bozo_Fishermen.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00169-bozo-net-casting.jpg", "author": "Ferdinand Reuss", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bozo_Fishermen.jpg" } }, { "id": 170, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/170-adinkra-cloth-stamping/", "name": "Adinkra Cloth Stamping", "native": "Adinkra", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana", "Cote d'Ivoire" ], "country_codes": [ "GH", "CI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Carve calabash stamps, press them in dark dye on cloth in a grid and band border pattern, then match a pattern brief for scoring.", "how_played": "Carve calabash stamps, press them in dark dye on cloth in a grid and band border pattern, then match a pattern brief for scoring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adinkra_stamped_cloth.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00170-adinkra-cloth-stamping.jpg", "author": "Vichycombo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adinkra_stamped_cloth.jpg" } }, { "id": 171, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/171-akan-gold-weight-balance/", "name": "Akan Gold-Weight Balance", "native": "Abrammuo / goldweights", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana", "Cote d'Ivoire" ], "country_codes": [ "GH", "CI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Use a brass pan balance and a set of small cast figure weights to measure out gold dust for each customer's order within the fewest weighings.", "how_played": "Use a brass pan balance and a set of small cast figure weights to measure out gold dust for each customer's order within the fewest weighings.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_74.218.29_Gold_Weight.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00171-akan-gold-weight-balance.jpg", "author": "Brooklyn Museum (unknown maker)", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_74.218.29_Gold_Weight.jpg" } }, { "id": 172, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/172-sahel-salt-caravan/", "name": "Sahel Salt Caravan", "native": "Azalai (Taoudenni to Timbuktu)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Niger", "Mali" ], "country_codes": [ "NE", "ML" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Sports with animal partners", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Lead a camel train across the Sahara to the Timbuktu market, choosing wells, rest days and loads to arrive with the most salt slabs.", "how_played": "Lead a camel train across the Sahara to the Timbuktu market, choosing wells, rest days and loads to arrive with the most salt slabs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Niger, Mali.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tombouctou-Arrivée_d'une_caravane_de_sel_(AOF).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00172-sahel-salt-caravan.jpg", "author": "François-Edmond Fortier", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tombouctou-Arrivée_d'une_caravane_de_sel_(AOF).jpg" } }, { "id": 173, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/173-krobo-powder-glass-beads/", "name": "Krobo Powder-Glass Beads", "native": "Krobo beads", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana" ], "country_codes": [ "GH" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Fill a clay mould with crushed glass in colour layers, fire it and string the finished beads to match a design brief.", "how_played": "Fill a clay mould with crushed glass in colour layers, fire it and string the finished beads to match a design brief.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Krobo_glass_bead_making,_crushed_glass_for_beads_02.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00173-krobo-powder-glass-beads.jpg", "author": "Warmglow", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Krobo_glass_bead_making,_crushed_glass_for_beads_02.jpg" } }, { "id": 174, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/174-tiebele-house-painting/", "name": "Tiebele House Painting", "native": "Tiébélé", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Burkina Faso" ], "country_codes": [ "BF" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Mix earth pigments and paint black-and-white geometric bands on a mud wall following the symmetry of a pattern brief, then handle rain by repairing.", "how_played": "Mix earth pigments and paint black-and-white geometric bands on a mud wall following the symmetry of a pattern brief, then handle rain by repairing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiebele_village_in_Burkina_Faso_04.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00174-tiebele-house-painting.jpg", "author": "Alexander Leisser", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiebele_village_in_Burkina_Faso_04.jpg" } }, { "id": 175, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/175-fufu-pounding-rhythm/", "name": "Fufu Pounding Rhythm", "native": "Fufu pounding", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana", "Nigeria" ], "country_codes": [ "GH", "NG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Fufu Pounding Rhythm is a crafts and making tradition from Ghana, Nigeria.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana, Nigeria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fufu_Pounding_2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00175-fufu-pounding-rhythm.jpg", "author": "daSupremo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fufu_Pounding_2.jpg" } }, { "id": 176, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/176-goje-one-string-fiddle/", "name": "Goje One-String Fiddle", "native": "Goge / goje", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nigeria", "Niger" ], "country_codes": [ "NG", "NE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Bow a single string over a gourd body while pressing the fingers on the neck to follow a Hausa-style melody and accompany a drum loop.", "how_played": "Bow a single string over a gourd body while pressing the fingers on the neck to follow a Hausa-style melody and accompany a drum loop.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria, Niger.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goje_players_from_Northen_Nigeria.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00176-goje-one-string-fiddle.jpg", "author": "Gogeafrica", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goje_players_from_Northen_Nigeria.jpg" } }, { "id": 177, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/177-dogon-granary-builder/", "name": "Dogon Granary Builder", "native": "Ginna / granary", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mali" ], "country_codes": [ "ML" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Fit stone footings, mud walls and a layered thatch cone on a cliff terrace so each granary stays dry and rodent-proof within a budget of materials.", "how_played": "Fit stone footings, mud walls and a layered thatch cone on a cliff terrace so each granary stays dry and rodent-proof within a budget of materials.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mali. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dogon_Granary,_Djiguibombo_(6462722).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00177-dogon-granary-builder.jpg", "author": "upyernoz", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dogon_Granary,_Djiguibombo_(6462722).jpg" } }, { "id": 178, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/178-lost-wax-bronze-casting/", "name": "Lost-Wax Bronze Casting", "native": "Igun / lost-wax casting", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan", "Benin", "Nigeria" ], "country_codes": [ "JP", "BJ", "NG" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Sculpt a wax model, coat it in clay, melt the wax out, pour molten metal at the right temperature and break the mould to reveal the form.", "how_played": "Sculpt a wax model, coat it in clay, melt the wax out, pour molten metal at the right temperature and break the mould to reveal the form.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan, Benin, Nigeria. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edo_rooster.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00178-lost-wax-bronze-casting.jpg", "author": "cliff1066", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edo_rooster.jpg" } }, { "id": 179, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/179-mud-plaster-season/", "name": "Mud Plaster Season", "native": "Crepissage (Sahel earth building)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mali" ], "country_codes": [ "ML" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Mix mud plaster and climb the toron-beam scaffolds to re-coat a tall earthen wall before the rains, with team coordination on sections.", "how_played": "Mix mud plaster and climb the toron-beam scaffolds to re-coat a tall earthen wall before the rains, with team coordination on sections.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mali. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Annual_repair_of_the_world's_largest_mud_brick_building_the_Great_Mosque_of_Djenné_in_Mali._(32088227574).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00179-mud-plaster-season.jpg", "author": "Ralf Steinberger", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Annual_repair_of_the_world's_largest_mud_brick_building_the_Great_Mosque_of_Djenné_in_Mali._(32088227574).jpg" } }, { "id": 180, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/180-calabash-water-drum/", "name": "Calabash Water Drum", "native": "Water drum (tinde / water calabashes)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Niger", "Nigeria" ], "country_codes": [ "NE", "NG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Half-gourds float in water basins and strike different areas with soft mallets, lifting and sinking to change pitch and echo in rhythm patterns.", "how_played": "Half-gourds float in water basins and strike different areas with soft mallets, lifting and sinking to change pitch and echo in rhythm patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Niger, Nigeria. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wassertrommeln.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00180-calabash-water-drum.jpg", "author": "de:Benutzer:Smalltown Boy", "licence": "Free use (Wikimedia Commons licence template)", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wassertrommeln.jpg" } }, { "id": 181, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/181-kitendawili/", "name": "Kitendawili", "native": "Kitendawili! - Tega!", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kenya" ], "country_codes": [ "KE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "One player calls 'Kitendawili!', the other answers 'Tega!' (set the trap), then a riddle is posed and the guesser has a few tries or gives up a town (a forfeit place) so the riddler reveals the answer.", "how_played": "One player calls 'Kitendawili!', the other answers 'Tega!' (set the trap), then a riddle is posed and the guesser has a few tries or gives up a town (a forfeit place) so the riddler reveals the answer.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riddle_session_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00181-kitendawili.jpg", "author": "MSTAHIKI", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riddle_session_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 182, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/182-imigongo-geometric-painting/", "name": "Imigongo geometric painting", "native": "Imigongo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Rwanda" ], "country_codes": [ "RW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Lay down raised spiral and chevron ridges on a panel, then colour in the bands in black, white, red and grey so adjacent areas follow the traditional rhythm.", "how_played": "Lay down raised spiral and chevron ridges on a panel, then colour in the bands in black, white, red and grey so adjacent areas follow the traditional rhythm.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Rwanda. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Imigongo_traditional_patterns_(3).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00182-imigongo-geometric-painting.jpg", "author": "Ji-Elle", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Imigongo_traditional_patterns_(3).jpg" } }, { "id": 183, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/183-tingatinga-painting/", "name": "Tingatinga painting", "native": "Tingatinga", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tanzania" ], "country_codes": [ "TZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Build a bright animal scene by filling flat enamel colour into outlined shapes (zebras, elephants, birds) against a bold single-colour background, one stroke at a time.", "how_played": "Build a bright animal scene by filling flat enamel colour into outlined shapes (zebras, elephants, birds) against a bold single-colour background, one stroke at a time.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tanzania. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TingatingaTz.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00183-tingatinga-painting.jpg", "author": "Dominik", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TingatingaTz.jpg" } }, { "id": 184, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/184-kanga-cloth-design/", "name": "Kanga cloth design", "native": "Kanga / leso", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kenya" ], "country_codes": [ "KE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Assemble a kanga: pick border, central motif and a short Swahili saying printed along the bottom, matching pattern pieces to a given mood or occasion.", "how_played": "Assemble a kanga: pick border, central motif and a short Swahili saying printed along the bottom, matching pattern pieces to a given mood or occasion.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kanga_leso_Kenya_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00184-kanga-cloth-design.jpg", "author": "Avocado isl", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kanga_leso_Kenya_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 185, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/185-amadinda-and-embaire/", "name": "Amadinda and embaire", "native": "Amadinda", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uganda" ], "country_codes": [ "UG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Two players on one xylophone interlock: one plays a steady pattern, the other fills the gaps.", "how_played": "Two players on one xylophone interlock: one plays a steady pattern, the other fills the gaps.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uganda. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melodies_in_Wood,_Traditional_Ugandan_Xylophones.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00185-amadinda-and-embaire.jpg", "author": "Ssemmanda will", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melodies_in_Wood,_Traditional_Ugandan_Xylophones.jpg" } }, { "id": 186, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/186-adungu/", "name": "Adungu", "native": "Adungu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uganda" ], "country_codes": [ "UG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Pluck the strings of a bow harp in time with falling notes in the pentatonic scale and add a drum bass voice.", "how_played": "Pluck the strings of a bow harp in time with falling notes in the pentatonic scale and add a drum bass voice.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uganda. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Several_adungu_(bow_harps)_displayed_outdoors_in_Uganda.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00186-adungu.jpg", "author": "Ssemmanda will", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Several_adungu_(bow_harps)_displayed_outdoors_in_Uganda.jpg" } }, { "id": 187, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/187-masenqo-and-the-azmari/", "name": "Masenqo and the azmari", "native": "Masinko / masenqo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ethiopia" ], "country_codes": [ "ET" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Bow a single string while sliding a finger to follow a melody path, matching Ethiopian pentatonic modes, then add short improvised rhymes between phrases.", "how_played": "Bow a single string while sliding a finger to follow a melody path, matching Ethiopian pentatonic modes, then add short improvised rhymes between phrases.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ethiopia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Azmari_in_a_tejbeit.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00187-masenqo-and-the-azmari.jpg", "author": "Flickr user meg and rahul", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Azmari_in_a_tejbeit.jpg" } }, { "id": 188, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/188-eskista/", "name": "Eskista", "native": "Eskista", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ethiopia" ], "country_codes": [ "ET" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Follow beat cues to roll, shake and snap the shoulders and chest in time with drum patterns.", "how_played": "Follow beat cues to roll, shake and snap the shoulders and chest in time with drum patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ethiopia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nightlife_at_the_Balageru_Cultural_Centre,_Bahir_Dar_(5494874936).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00188-eskista.jpg", "author": "Katie Hunt", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nightlife_at_the_Balageru_Cultural_Centre,_Bahir_Dar_(5494874936).jpg" } }, { "id": 189, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/189-jebena-coffee-brewing/", "name": "Jebena coffee brewing", "native": "Buna / jebena", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ethiopia", "Eritrea" ], "country_codes": [ "ET", "ER" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Roast, grind, boil in the clay jebena and pour in one continuous stream into small cups, timing each step by sight, sound and smell cues.", "how_played": "Roast, grind, boil in the clay jebena and pour in one continuous stream into small cups, timing each step by sight, sound and smell cues.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ethiopia, Eritrea. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethiopian_coffee_ceremony_jebena_and_finjan.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00189-jebena-coffee-brewing.jpg", "author": "Miraethiopia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethiopian_coffee_ceremony_jebena_and_finjan.jpg" } }, { "id": 190, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/190-aqal-somali/", "name": "Aqal Somali", "native": "Aqal Soomaali", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Somalia" ], "country_codes": [ "SO" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Bend arched poles, lash them and cover the frame with woven mats in the right order so the portable hut stands before the day ends.", "how_played": "Bend arched poles, lash them and cover the frame with woven mats in the right order so the portable hut stands before the day ends.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Somalia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Somali_aqal.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00190-aqal-somali.jpg", "author": "Charles Roffey", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Somali_aqal.jpg" } }, { "id": 191, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/191-isukuti-drum-dance/", "name": "Isukuti drum dance", "native": "Isukuti", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Isukuti drum dance is a musical instrument tradition.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isukuti_drummers_marching_with_participants_during_The_Breastfeeding_Run.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00191-isukuti-drum-dance.jpg", "author": "Lebu Ayiga", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isukuti_drummers_marching_with_participants_during_The_Breastfeeding_Run.jpg" } }, { "id": 192, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/192-nubian-house-painting/", "name": "Nubian house painting", "native": "Nuba / Nubian wall decoration", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Decorate the wall of a house with repeating bands of geometric symbols in red, black, white and ochre, matching a pattern reference.", "how_played": "Decorate the wall of a house with repeating bands of geometric symbols in red, black, white and ochre, matching a pattern reference.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Nubian_wall_painting.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00192-nubian-house-painting.jpg", "author": "Ola A. Alsheikh", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Nubian_wall_painting.jpg" } }, { "id": 193, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/193-asmara-highland-road-race/", "name": "Asmara highland road race", "native": "Tour of Eritrea", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Eritrea" ], "country_codes": [ "ER" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Pace a team of cyclists up long highland switchbacks, choosing when to attack, draft or save energy to win the stage.", "how_played": "Pace a team of cyclists up long highland switchbacks, choosing when to attack, draft or save energy to win the stage.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Eritrea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tour_of_Asmara_Cycling_race,_Asmara_Eritrea.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00193-asmara-highland-road-race.jpg", "author": "Carlos Oliveira Reis", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tour_of_Asmara_Cycling_race,_Asmara_Eritrea.jpg" } }, { "id": 194, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/194-kiondo-basket-weaving/", "name": "Kiondo basket weaving", "native": "Kiondo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kenya" ], "country_codes": [ "KE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Choose sisal strand colours and weave bands row by row, matching a pattern with diamonds and stripes on a bag.", "how_played": "Choose sisal strand colours and weave bands row by row, matching a pattern with diamonds and stripes on a bag.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kiondo_traditional_basket_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00194-kiondo-basket-weaving.jpg", "author": "Antony Trivet", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kiondo_traditional_basket_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 195, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/195-kisii-soapstone-carving/", "name": "Kisii soapstone carving", "native": "Tabaka soapstone", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Scrape and etch a soft stone block into a box or figure by following carved line guides without cracking the stone.", "how_played": "Scrape and etch a soft stone block into a box or figure by following carved line guides without cracking the stone.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Person_hand-carving_carving_soapstone_trinket_box,_Tabaka_Hills,_Kenya.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00195-kisii-soapstone-carving.jpg", "author": "Jen Watson", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Person_hand-carving_carving_soapstone_trinket_box,_Tabaka_Hills,_Kenya.jpg" } }, { "id": 196, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/196-tsoro-yematatu/", "name": "Tsoro Yematatu", "native": "Tsoro yematatu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Zimbabwe" ], "country_codes": [ "ZW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mill and morris games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Each side drops three stones on the seven points of a triangle-with-a-bar, then slides them along lines one step at a time to make three in a row.", "how_played": "Each side drops three stones on the seven points of a triangle-with-a-bar, then slides them along lines one step at a time to make three in a row.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Zimbabwe. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsoro.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00196-tsoro-yematatu.jpg", "author": "Duane Habecker", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsoro.png" } }, { "id": 197, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/197-lukasa-memory-board-pattern-game/", "name": "Lukasa memory board pattern game", "native": "Lukasa", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "A hand-sized board studded with beads and carved lines is shown for a few seconds.", "how_played": "A hand-sized board studded with beads and carved lines is shown for a few seconds.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Planche_de_m%C3%A9moire_(lukasa).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00197-lukasa-memory-board-pattern-game.jpg", "author": "Zythème", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Planche_de_m%C3%A9moire_(lukasa).jpg" } }, { "id": 199, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/199-sega-ravanne-drum/", "name": "Sega ravanne drum", "native": "Sega tipik / ravanne", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mauritius" ], "country_codes": [ "MU" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Sega ravanne drum is a musical instrument tradition from Mauritius.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mauritius.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ravanne.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00199-sega-ravanne-drum.jpg", "author": "MU Music Contributor", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ravanne.jpg" } }, { "id": 200, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/200-la-sape-dress-up-parade/", "name": "La Sape dress-up parade", "native": "La Sape", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Congo" ], "country_codes": [ "CG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Mix bold coloured suits, hats, ties, shoes and canes to match a colour theme, then strut a street-parade rhythm and be judged by neighbours for harmony and daring.", "how_played": "Mix bold coloured suits, hats, ties, shoes and canes to match a colour theme, then strut a street-parade rhythm and be judged by neighbours for harmony and daring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Congo.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jeune_Sapeue.webp" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00200-la-sape-dress-up-parade.jpg", "author": "Kani Beat", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jeune_Sapeue.webp" } }, { "id": 201, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/201-basotho-blanket-pattern-designer/", "name": "Basotho blanket pattern designer", "native": "Mokhahlo / Seanamarena", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lesotho" ], "country_codes": [ "LS" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Choose a base stripe and place bold geometric motifs and colour bands so the blanket's pattern matches a target design or a customer order.", "how_played": "Choose a base stripe and place bold geometric motifs and colour bands so the blanket's pattern matches a target design or a customer order.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lesotho.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basotho_blanket_lesotho.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00201-basotho-blanket-pattern-designer.jpg", "author": "Martina Buchmann Schärli", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basotho_blanket_lesotho.jpg" } }, { "id": 203, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/203-shona-stone-sculpture-carving/", "name": "Shona stone sculpture carving", "native": "Shona sculpture", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Zimbabwe" ], "country_codes": [ "ZW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Chip, rasp and polish a block of serpentine or springstone along guide lines to reveal a family, bird or abstract figure, finishing with wax for the glossy sheen.", "how_played": "Chip, rasp and polish a block of serpentine or springstone along guide lines to reveal a family, bird or abstract figure, finishing with wax for the glossy sheen.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Zimbabwe.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COSV_-_Zimbabwe_2008_-_Arte_Shona_(4).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00203-shona-stone-sculpture-carving.jpg", "author": "COSV", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COSV_-_Zimbabwe_2008_-_Arte_Shona_(4).jpg" } }, { "id": 204, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/204-capulana-wrap-cloth-printing-and-tying/", "name": "Capulana wrap cloth printing and tying", "native": "Capulana", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mozambique" ], "country_codes": [ "MZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Pick printed cloth, learn the traditional wraps, skirts, head ties and baby carries, and match fabrics to occasions in a market-stall styling game.", "how_played": "Pick printed cloth, learn the traditional wraps, skirts, head ties and baby carries, and match fabrics to occasions in a market-stall styling game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mozambique.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capulanas_(3911443049).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00204-capulana-wrap-cloth-printing-and-tying.jpg", "author": "F Mira from Lisbon, Portugal", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capulanas_(3911443049).jpg" } }, { "id": 205, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/205-hira-gasy-village-troupe-contest/", "name": "Hira gasy village troupe contest", "native": "Hira gasy", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Madagascar" ], "country_codes": [ "MG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Lead a troupe of drummers, violinists, singers and dancers in tight call-and-response turns, matching beats and moves to score against a rival troupe before the crowd.", "how_played": "Lead a troupe of drummers, violinists, singers and dancers in tight call-and-response turns, matching beats and moves to score against a rival troupe before the crowd.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Madagascar. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hira_Gasy_musicians_playing_drums_and_violins_in_Madagascar.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00205-hira-gasy-village-troupe-contest.jpg", "author": "Rakotovaogael", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hira_Gasy_musicians_playing_drums_and_violins_in_Madagascar.jpg" } }, { "id": 206, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/206-malagasy-lamba-silk-weaving/", "name": "Malagasy lamba silk weaving", "native": "Lamba landy / akotifahana", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Pass the shuttle through coloured warp threads to weave stripes and brocade motifs on a ground loom, following (or inventing) a design as the cloth grows.", "how_played": "Pass the shuttle through coloured warp threads to weave stripes and brocade motifs on a ground loom, following (or inventing) a design as the cloth grows.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_silk_weaving.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00206-malagasy-lamba-silk-weaving.jpg", "author": "RAKOTOBLUE", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_silk_weaving.jpg" } }, { "id": 207, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/207-moraingy-drum-and-strike-duel/", "name": "Moraingy drum-and-strike duel", "native": "Moraingy", "alt": [ "Moraingy" ], "countries": [ "Madagascar" ], "country_codes": [ "MG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Two stylised fighters trade punches, kicks and dodges to the beat of a drum circle.", "how_played": "Two stylised fighters trade punches, kicks and dodges to the beat of a drum circle.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Madagascar. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moraingy_fighting_Madagascar_sport.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_traditional_games_in_Africa" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00207-moraingy-drum-and-strike-duel.jpg", "author": "Hery Zo Rakotondramanana", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moraingy_fighting_Madagascar_sport.jpg" } }, { "id": 208, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/208-botswana-coil-basket-weaving/", "name": "Botswana coil basket weaving", "native": "Gumare / Etsha baskets (ikalanga, Hambukushu coil style)", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Coil dyed palm strips into a bowl and choose patterns (like river, tears of giraffe, python tracks) so repeating motifs line up around the curve.", "how_played": "Coil dyed palm strips into a bowl and choose patterns (like river, tears of giraffe, python tracks) so repeating motifs line up around the curve.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Weaves_and_colors_of_culture.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00208-botswana-coil-basket-weaving.jpg", "author": "OtengPortia", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Weaves_and_colors_of_culture.jpg" } }, { "id": 209, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/209-nguni-stick-fighting-rhythm-skirmish/", "name": "Nguni stick-fighting rhythm skirmish", "native": "Intonga / donga", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Africa", "Eswatini" ], "country_codes": [ "ZA", "SZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Move, block with the lead stick and strike at marked zones with the fighting stick in rhythm to a drum, scoring on clean touches before time ends.", "how_played": "Move, block with the lead stick and strike at marked zones with the fighting stick in rhythm to a drum, scoring on clean touches before time ends.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Africa, Eswatini. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lesedi_Cultural_Village,_Hartbeespoort,_North_West,_South_Africa_(20517297875).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00209-nguni-stick-fighting-rhythm-skirmish.jpg", "author": "South African Tourism from South Africa", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lesedi_Cultural_Village,_Hartbeespoort,_North_West,_South_Africa_(20517297875).jpg" } }, { "id": 212, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/212-tatreez-palestinian-cross-stitch/", "name": "Tatreez Palestinian Cross-Stitch", "native": "tatreez / تطريز", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Palestine", "Lebanon" ], "country_codes": [ "PS", "LB" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Fill a grid stitch by stitch to reproduce or invent traditional motifs (cypress, palm, star) in region-coded colours.", "how_played": "Fill a grid stitch by stitch to reproduce or invent traditional motifs (cypress, palm, star) in region-coded colours.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Palestine, Lebanon.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACypress_trees_pattern_%28Palesti-nian_embroidery-Jaffa_area%29.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00212-tatreez-palestinian-cross-stitch.jpg", "author": "Ma'moun Othman", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACypress_trees_pattern_%28Palesti-nian_embroidery-Jaffa_area%29.jpg" } }, { "id": 214, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/214-mashrabiya-lattice-joinery/", "name": "Mashrabiya Lattice Joinery", "native": "mashrabiya / moucharabieh", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Egypt", "Syria" ], "country_codes": [ "EG", "SY" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Mashrabiya Lattice Joinery is a crafts and making tradition from Egypt, Syria.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt, Syria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMashrabiya_Screen_MET_DP155281.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00214-mashrabiya-lattice-joinery.jpg", "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMashrabiya_Screen_MET_DP155281.jpg" } }, { "id": 215, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/215-egyptian-fractions-and-doubling/", "name": "Egyptian Fractions and Doubling", "native": "Rhind papyrus problems", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Split loaves among workers using only unit fractions, and multiply by repeated doubling like a scribe.", "how_played": "Split loaves among workers using only unit fractions, and multiply by repeated doubling like a scribe.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ARhind_Mathematical_Papyrus.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00215-egyptian-fractions-and-doubling.jpg", "author": "unknown (c. 1550 BC scribe)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ARhind_Mathematical_Papyrus.jpg" } }, { "id": 216, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/216-nile-felucca-sailing/", "name": "Nile Felucca Sailing", "native": "felucca", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Trim the lateen sail to the changing Nile wind and current to carry cargo and passengers between river towns.", "how_played": "Trim the lateen sail to the changing Nile wind and current to carry cargo and passengers between river towns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFelucca_on_the_Nile_%2853709847874%29.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00216-nile-felucca-sailing.jpg", "author": "Mustang Joe", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFelucca_on_the_Nile_%2853709847874%29.jpg" } }, { "id": 217, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/217-khayamiya-tentmaker-applique/", "name": "Khayamiya Tentmaker Applique", "native": "khayamiya / خيامية", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Trace a geometric design, cut cloth pieces and stitch layers to build a panel.", "how_played": "Trace a geometric design, cut cloth pieces and stitch layers to build a panel.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AView_from_Khayamiya_%28Tentmakers%29_Street_in_Cairo_08.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00217-khayamiya-tentmaker-applique.jpg", "author": "Mo Hany.Afife", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AView_from_Khayamiya_%28Tentmakers%29_Street_in_Cairo_08.jpg" } }, { "id": 218, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/218-buzuq-long-neck-lute/", "name": "Buzuq Long-Neck Lute", "native": "buzuq / بزق", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lebanon", "Syria", "Palestine" ], "country_codes": [ "LB", "SY", "PS" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Pluck and slide along a long fretless neck to play folk melodies with quarter-tone steps and tremolo.", "how_played": "Pluck and slide along a long fretless neck to play folk melodies with quarter-tone steps and tremolo.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lebanon, Syria, Palestine.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ABuzuk_-_Collection_des_instruments_de_musique_du_Baron_d%27Erlanger_%28cropped%29.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00218-buzuq-long-neck-lute.jpg", "author": "IssamBarhoumi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ABuzuk_-_Collection_des_instruments_de_musique_du_Baron_d%27Erlanger_%28cropped%29.jpg" } }, { "id": 219, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/219-jordanian-sand-bottle-art/", "name": "Jordanian Sand Bottle Art", "native": "sand bottles / رمل ملون", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Jordan" ], "country_codes": [ "JO" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Fill a glass bottle with layers of natural coloured sand, shaping dunes, camels and palms with a thin tool.", "how_played": "Fill a glass bottle with layers of natural coloured sand, shaping dunes, camels and palms with a thin tool.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Jordan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APetra-40-Sandflaschen-2010-gje.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00219-jordanian-sand-bottle-art.jpg", "author": "Gerd Eichmann", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APetra-40-Sandflaschen-2010-gje.jpg" } }, { "id": 220, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/220-lefkara-lace/", "name": "Lefkara Lace", "native": "lefkaritika", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cyprus" ], "country_codes": [ "CY" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Pull threads from linen then stitch geometric fills over the cut squares to reveal diamond and triangle patterns.", "how_played": "Pull threads from linen then stitch geometric fills over the cut squares to reveal diamond and triangle patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cyprus.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALefkaraLace_example1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00220-lefkara-lace.jpg", "author": "LaceDemo1", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALefkaraLace_example1.jpg" } }, { "id": 221, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/221-mijwiz-double-clarinet/", "name": "Mijwiz Double Clarinet", "native": "mijwiz / مجوز", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lebanon", "Syria", "Palestine", "Jordan" ], "country_codes": [ "LB", "SY", "PS", "JO" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Blow a steady breath while sliding fingers over twin reed pipes, holding a drone and playing dabke tunes.", "how_played": "Blow a steady breath while sliding fingers over twin reed pipes, holding a drone and playing dabke tunes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lebanon, Syria, Palestine.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMijwiz.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00221-mijwiz-double-clarinet.jpg", "author": "Sönke Kraft aka Arnulf zu Linden", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMijwiz.jpg" } }, { "id": 222, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/222-aragoz-hand-puppet-booth/", "name": "Aragoz Hand-Puppet Booth", "native": "aragoz / أراجوز", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "Puppetry and shadow play", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Raise glove puppets over a booth front and choose jokes, voices and squeaker whistle to carry a comic street tale.", "how_played": "Raise glove puppets over a booth front and choose jokes, voices and squeaker whistle to carry a comic street tale.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACOLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Araguz-spel_in_het_huis_van_poppenspeler_Said_Masri_Mohammed_TMnr_20043358.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00222-aragoz-hand-puppet-booth.jpg", "author": "Carel van Leeuwen / Tropenmuseum", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACOLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Araguz-spel_in_het_huis_van_poppenspeler_Said_Masri_Mohammed_TMnr_20043358.jpg" } }, { "id": 223, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/223-damascus-mother-of-pearl-inlay/", "name": "Damascus Mother-of-Pearl Inlay", "native": "sadaf / صدف", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Syria" ], "country_codes": [ "SY" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Cut shell pieces to a pattern and set them into carved wood, matching each piece to its slot.", "how_played": "Cut shell pieces to a pattern and set them into carved wood, matching each piece to its slot.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Syria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ADresser_from_Damascus%2C_Syria%2C_19th_century%2C_wood%2C_mother-of-pearl%2C_metal_wire_and_plated_copper_alloy%2C_HAA.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00223-damascus-mother-of-pearl-inlay.jpg", "author": "Hiart", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ADresser_from_Damascus%2C_Syria%2C_19th_century%2C_wood%2C_mother-of-pearl%2C_metal_wire_and_plated_copper_alloy%2C_HAA.JPG" } }, { "id": 224, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/224-amazigh-rug-weaving/", "name": "Amazigh Rug Weaving", "native": "azetta, Beni Ourain", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Morocco" ], "country_codes": [ "MA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Pass coloured weft rows through the warp, building diamonds, zigzags and lozenges as you go.", "how_played": "Pass coloured weft rows through the warp, building diamonds, zigzags and lozenges as you go.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Morocco.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAzatta_n_laures.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00224-amazigh-rug-weaving.jpg", "author": "Adil massil", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAzatta_n_laures.jpg" } }, { "id": 225, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/225-maamoul-cookie-moulding/", "name": "Maamoul Cookie Moulding", "native": "ma'amoul / معمول", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lebanon", "Syria", "Jordan", "Palestine", "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "LB", "SY", "JO", "PS", "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Maamoul Cookie Moulding is a crafts and making tradition from Lebanon, Syria.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMolds_2016_Rami_Tareef.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00225-maamoul-cookie-moulding.jpg", "author": "Rami Tareef", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMolds_2016_Rami_Tareef.jpg" } }, { "id": 226, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/226-buzkashi/", "name": "Buzkashi", "native": "بزکشی", "alt": [ "Kupkari (Ulak, goat-grabbing)", "Buzkashi", "Ulak" ], "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Uzbekistan" ], "country_codes": [ "AF", "UZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Ride in a chaotic scrum, scoop a heavy dummy \"calf\" from the ground without dropping it, and carry it round a flag and into the scoring circle before rivals strip it from you.", "how_played": "Ride in a chaotic scrum, scoop a heavy dummy \"calf\" from the ground without dropping it, and carry it round a flag and into the scoring circle before rivals strip it from you.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Afghanistan. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Men_playing_Buzkashi.jpg", "https://people-travels.com/countries/uzbekistan-additional/uzbek-traditional-games-and-amusements", "https://www.advantour.com/uzbekistan/traditions/kupkari.htm" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00226-buzkashi.jpg", "author": "Sir Percy Sykes, 1867-1945", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Men_playing_Buzkashi.jpg" } }, { "id": 227, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/227-zurkhaneh-strength-rhythm/", "name": "Zurkhaneh strength rhythm", "native": "ورزش باستانی", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Swing heavy wooden clubs, spin and lift in time with a drummer's beat.", "how_played": "Swing heavy wooden clubs, spin and lift in time with a drummer's beat.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tehran_Zurkhaneh_(2).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00227-zurkhaneh-strength-rhythm.jpg", "author": "Reza Dehshiri", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tehran_Zurkhaneh_(2).jpg" } }, { "id": 228, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/228-muqarnas-stalactite-vault-builder/", "name": "Muqarnas stalactite vault builder", "native": "مقرنس", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Stack small cells layer by layer on a plan grid so each tier's niches sit on the cells below, until the honeycomb vault closes the dome.", "how_played": "Stack small cells layer by layer on a plan grid so each tier's niches sit on the cells below, until the honeycomb vault closes the dome.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ceiling_of_Chehel_Sotoun.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00228-muqarnas-stalactite-vault-builder.jpg", "author": "Amir Pashaei", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ceiling_of_Chehel_Sotoun.jpg" } }, { "id": 229, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/229-badgir-windcatcher-cooling-puzzle/", "name": "Badgir windcatcher cooling puzzle", "native": "بادگیر", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Shape the tower openings, shafts and a water pool so desert wind flows down and cools rooms; route air to every room with limited bricks.", "how_played": "Shape the tower openings, shafts and a water pool so desert wind flows down and cools rooms; route air to every room with limited bricks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yazd_-_Badgir_-_Windcatcher_-_panoramio.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00229-badgir-windcatcher-cooling-puzzle.jpg", "author": "Alireza Javaheri", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yazd_-_Badgir_-_Windcatcher_-_panoramio.jpg" } }, { "id": 230, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/230-mudhif-reed-arch-house/", "name": "Mudhif reed-arch house", "native": "مضيف", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iraq" ], "country_codes": [ "IQ" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Bind tall reed bundles into paired arches, lay the ribs and mats and tie off the roof so the guest hall stands against marsh wind and rising water.", "how_played": "Bind tall reed bundles into paired arches, lay the ribs and mats and tie off the roof so the guest hall stands against marsh wind and rising water.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iraq.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sumerian_Mudhif-guesthouse,_Southern_Eastern_marshes,_Iraq.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00230-mudhif-reed-arch-house.jpg", "author": "Hassan Al-Jarrah", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sumerian_Mudhif-guesthouse,_Southern_Eastern_marshes,_Iraq.jpg" } }, { "id": 231, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/231-khatam-inlay-star-pattern-workshop/", "name": "Khatam inlay star pattern workshop", "native": "خاتم‌کاری", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Cut tiny triangles of metal, bone and wood and slot them into a star-pattern mosaic, matching sticks of different colours until a box lid is covered.", "how_played": "Cut tiny triangles of metal, bone and wood and slot them into a star-pattern mosaic, matching sticks of different colours until a box lid is covered.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boite_khatam.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00231-khatam-inlay-star-pattern-workshop.jpg", "author": "Fabienkhan", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boite_khatam.jpg" } }, { "id": 233, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/233-tombak-goblet-drum-rhythms/", "name": "Tombak goblet drum rhythms", "native": "تنبک / ضرب", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Strike fingertip, palm and rim zones of the drum in time with traditional patterns, echoing the master's phrase, then improvise a call and response.", "how_played": "Strike fingertip, palm and rim zones of the drum in time with traditional patterns, echoing the master's phrase, then improvise a call and response.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Persian_percussion_instrument_TOMBAK.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00233-tombak-goblet-drum-rhythms.jpg", "author": "PersianDutchNetwork", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Persian_percussion_instrument_TOMBAK.jpg" } }, { "id": 236, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/236-astrolabe-reading-the-sky/", "name": "Astrolabe: reading the sky", "native": "اسطرلاب", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Toys", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Rotate the star plate (rete) over the latitude plate to find the time, the sun's rise and the star positions, solving small sky puzzles with a brass instrument.", "how_played": "Rotate the star plate (rete) over the latitude plate to find the time, the sun's rise and the star positions, solving small sky puzzles with a brass instrument.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Persian_astrolabe_at_the_Saint_Louis_Art_Museum.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00236-astrolabe-reading-the-sky.jpg", "author": "Lewis Hulbert", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Persian_astrolabe_at_the_Saint_Louis_Art_Museum.jpg" } }, { "id": 237, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/237-al-jazari-water-clock-contraptions/", "name": "Al-Jazari water-clock contraptions", "native": "الجزري", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iraq" ], "country_codes": [ "IQ" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Wire up floats, pipes, cams and levers in a drawing to make an elephant clock, peacock fountain or musical automaton run its show.", "how_played": "Wire up floats, pipes, cams and levers in a drawing to make an elephant clock, peacock fountain or musical automaton run its show.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iraq.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22The_Elephant_Clock%22,_Folio_from_a_Book_of_the_Knowledge_of_Ingenious_Mechanical_Devices_by_al-Jazari_MET_DP234075.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00237-al-jazari-water-clock-contraptions.jpg", "author": "al-Jazari", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22The_Elephant_Clock%22,_Folio_from_a_Book_of_the_Knowledge_of_Ingenious_Mechanical_Devices_by_al-Jazari_MET_DP234075.jpg" } }, { "id": 238, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/238-sadu-bedouin-ground-loom-weaving/", "name": "Sadu Bedouin ground-loom weaving", "native": "السدو", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Jordan" ], "country_codes": [ "JO" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Pass coloured wool through a ground loom, choosing geometric motifs (rows of diamonds, stripes, zigzags) to complete a tent strip and a saddlebag design.", "how_played": "Pass coloured wool through a ground loom, choosing geometric motifs (rows of diamonds, stripes, zigzags) to complete a tent strip and a saddlebag design.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Jordan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bedouin_woman_weaving.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00238-sadu-bedouin-ground-loom-weaving.jpg", "author": "Danny-w", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bedouin_woman_weaving.jpg" } }, { "id": 239, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/239-persian-garden-layout-puzzle/", "name": "Persian garden layout puzzle", "native": "چهارباغ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Divide the courtyard into four quarters with channels, pools, trees and pavilions so water flows through every part and shade falls on seats in the right hours.", "how_played": "Divide the courtyard into four quarters with channels, pools, trees and pavilions so water flows through every part and shade falls on seats in the right hours.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Finn_Garden,_Kashan,_Iran.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00239-persian-garden-layout-puzzle.jpg", "author": "User: Sima Farshid", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Finn_Garden,_Kashan,_Iran.jpg" } }, { "id": 240, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/240-bayt-bazi-verse-chain/", "name": "Bayt-bazi: verse chain", "native": "بیت‌بازی", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Each side must give a line that starts with the last letter of the previous verse; a chain continues until someone runs out.", "how_played": "Each side must give a line that starts with the last letter of the previous verse; a chain continues until someone runs out.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:People_reading_Hafez_poetry_(2151305285).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00240-bayt-bazi-verse-chain.jpg", "author": "Ivan Mlinaric from Slovenia", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:People_reading_Hafez_poetry_(2151305285).jpg" } }, { "id": 241, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/241-kok-boru/", "name": "Kok-boru", "native": "Көк бөрү", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kyrgyzstan", "Kazakhstan", "Tajikistan", "Afghanistan" ], "country_codes": [ "KG", "KZ", "TJ", "AF" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Sports with animal partners", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Two mounted teams carry and throw a weighted goat-hide ball into the opposing goal ring, steering, shoving and passing at the gallop.", "how_played": "Two mounted teams carry and throw a weighted goat-hide ball into the opposing goal ring, steering, shoving and passing at the gallop.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kok-boru_2018.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00241-kok-boru.jpg", "author": "Helen Owl", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kok-boru_2018.jpg" } }, { "id": 242, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/242-komuz/", "name": "Komuz", "native": "комуз", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kyrgyzstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KG" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Strum and pluck three open strings in time with scrolling notes, with the fast right-hand strumming patterns (kyiak) typical of the komuz.", "how_played": "Strum and pluck three open strings in time with scrolling notes, with the fast right-hand strumming patterns (kyiak) typical of the komuz.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kyrgyzstan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dusepo_komuz_front.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00242-komuz.jpg", "author": "Jo Dusepo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dusepo_komuz_front.jpg" } }, { "id": 243, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/243-saz-baglama/", "name": "Saz / Bağlama", "native": "Bağlama", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Press fret positions and pluck or strum the paired courses along folk melodies with the characteristic flat-pick tremolo.", "how_played": "Press fret positions and pluck or strum the paired courses along folk melodies with the characteristic flat-pick tremolo.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SAZ_Instrument_5270.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00243-saz-baglama.jpg", "author": "Sven Teschke", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0 de", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SAZ_Instrument_5270.jpg" } }, { "id": 244, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/244-iznik-tile-painting/", "name": "Iznik tile painting", "native": "İznik çinisi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Fill an empty tile outline with cobalt, turquoise and tomato-red motifs (tulip, carnation, rosette) and mirror or repeat it so the panel tessellates.", "how_played": "Fill an empty tile outline with cobalt, turquoise and tomato-red motifs (tulip, carnation, rosette) and mirror or repeat it so the panel tessellates.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unknown,_Turkey,_1560_-_Iznik_Tile_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00244-iznik-tile-painting.jpg", "author": "Unknown, Turkey, 1560 (Turkey)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unknown,_Turkey,_1560_-_Iznik_Tile_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" } }, { "id": 245, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/245-georgian-three-voice-polyphony/", "name": "Georgian three-voice polyphony", "native": "ქართული მრავალხმიანობა", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Georgia" ], "country_codes": [ "GE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Georgian three-voice polyphony is a musical instrument tradition from Georgia.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Georgia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ensemble_Basiani.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00245-georgian-three-voice-polyphony.jpg", "author": "Anukitskvito", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ensemble_Basiani.jpg" } }, { "id": 246, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/246-khinkali-dumpling-pleating/", "name": "Khinkali dumpling pleating", "native": "ხინკალი", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Georgia" ], "country_codes": [ "GE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Roll a dough round, add filling, then pinch and twist about 19 pleats in sequence to make a sealed topknot dumpling before the steamer fills.", "how_played": "Roll a dough round, add filling, then pinch and twist about 19 pleats in sequence to make a sealed topknot dumpling before the steamer fills.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Georgia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khinkali_mixed.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00246-khinkali-dumpling-pleating.jpg", "author": "Chemipanda", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khinkali_mixed.jpg" } }, { "id": 247, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/247-tar-and-mugham-modes/", "name": "Tar and mugham modes", "native": "Tar / Muğam", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Azerbaijan" ], "country_codes": [ "AZ" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Pick the doubled strings along a chosen mugham mode (dastgah-like scale) and improvise short phrases to match target contours.", "how_played": "Pick the doubled strings along a chosen mugham mode (dastgah-like scale) and improvise short phrases to match target contours.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Azerbaijan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Azerbaijani_tar_(lute).JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00247-tar-and-mugham-modes.jpg", "author": "Urek Meniashvili", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Azerbaijani_tar_(lute).JPG" } }, { "id": 248, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/248-suzani-embroidery/", "name": "Suzani embroidery", "native": "Сузани", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uzbekistan", "Tajikistan" ], "country_codes": [ "UZ", "TJ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Stitch large sunburst medallions, vines and floral sprays in couched silk on a cotton panel, choosing colours so the pattern balances.", "how_played": "Stitch large sunburst medallions, vines and floral sprays in couched silk on a cotton panel, choosing colours so the pattern balances.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shahrisyabz_suzani_(detail),_Uzbekistan.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00248-suzani-embroidery.jpg", "author": "Unknown Shahrisyabz artisans. Photo by auctioneer", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shahrisyabz_suzani_(detail),_Uzbekistan.jpg" } }, { "id": 249, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/249-turkmen-gul-carpet/", "name": "Turkmen gul carpet", "native": "Türkmen halysy", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkmenistan" ], "country_codes": [ "TM" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Arrange knotted gul medallions and minor guls into rows with correct tribal symmetry, then colour them in madder red and indigo.", "how_played": "Arrange knotted gul medallions and minor guls into rows with correct tribal symmetry, then colour them in madder red and indigo.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkmenistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Early_Tekke_Turkmen_hali_(main_carpet).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00249-turkmen-gul-carpet.jpg", "author": "unknown Tekke artisan. Photos by auctioneer", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Early_Tekke_Turkmen_hali_(main_carpet).jpg" } }, { "id": 250, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/250-lezginka/", "name": "Lezginka", "native": "Лезгинка", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Lezginka is a dance tradition.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VereshchaginVasilyVasilyevich-Lezginka(1867).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00250-lezginka.jpg", "author": "Vasily Vereshchagin", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VereshchaginVasilyVasilyevich-Lezginka(1867).jpg" } }, { "id": 251, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/251-turkish-coffee-in-the-cezve/", "name": "Turkish coffee in the cezve", "native": "Türk kahvesi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Add water, sugar and finely ground coffee to a copper cezve and lift it from the sand or flame just as the foam rises, twice, without boiling over.", "how_played": "Add water, sugar and finely ground coffee to a copper cezve and lift it from the sand or flame just as the foam rises, twice, without boiling over.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:To_make_the_Turkish_Coffee_(3180372276).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00251-turkish-coffee-in-the-cezve.jpg", "author": "Nico Crisafulli from USA", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:To_make_the_Turkish_Coffee_(3180372276).jpg" } }, { "id": 252, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/252-rishtan-ceramics/", "name": "Rishtan ceramics", "native": "Риштон кулоллиги", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uzbekistan" ], "country_codes": [ "UZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Throw a plate, then paint a pomegranate or pepper-vine pattern in turquoise, cobalt and green ishkor glaze; fired result reveals colour shifts.", "how_played": "Throw a plate, then paint a pomegranate or pepper-vine pattern in turquoise, cobalt and green ishkor glaze; fired result reveals colour shifts.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uzbekistan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lagan2024.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00252-rishtan-ceramics.jpg", "author": "UzbekistanWikiEditor", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lagan2024.jpg" } }, { "id": 253, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/253-kurash/", "name": "Kurash", "native": "Кураш", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uzbekistan" ], "country_codes": [ "UZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Time throws and counter-throws on a belt-grip duel; a clean throw scores halal, yonbosh or chala points and a perfect throw wins outright.", "how_played": "Time throws and counter-throws on a belt-grip duel; a clean throw scores halal, yonbosh or chala points and a perfect throw wins outright.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uzbekistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kurash._Uzbek_national_sport.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00253-kurash.jpg", "author": "Sinchalak Musulmon", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kurash._Uzbek_national_sport.jpg" } }, { "id": 254, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/254-steppe-eagle-hunting/", "name": "Steppe eagle hunting", "native": "Бүркітші", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kazakhstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Track a fox on the winter steppe, release the eagle at the right moment and wind and call it back to the glove for a clean return.", "how_played": "Track a fox on the winter steppe, release the eagle at the right moment and wind and call it back to the glove for a clean return.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kazakhstan. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kazakh-Mongolian_Eagle_Hunter.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00254-steppe-eagle-hunting.jpg", "author": "Altaihunters", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kazakh-Mongolian_Eagle_Hunter.JPG" } }, { "id": 255, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/255-chonguri/", "name": "Chonguri", "native": "ჭონგური", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Georgia" ], "country_codes": [ "GE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Strum and fret the short-necked lute in time with songs.", "how_played": "Strum and fret the short-necked lute in time with songs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Georgia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chonguri,Tbilisi2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00255-chonguri.jpg", "author": "Bertramz", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chonguri,Tbilisi2.jpg" } }, { "id": 256, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/256-kushti-pehlwani-mud-wrestling/", "name": "Kushti / Pehlwani mud wrestling", "native": "kushti, pehlwani", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Two pehlwans grapple on a soft clay pit and win by pinning the opponent's shoulders to the ground or by winning on points.", "how_played": "Two pehlwans grapple on a soft clay pit and win by pinning the opponent's shoulders to the ground or by winning on points.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kushti_%28in_Bharatpur_March_2013%29.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00256-kushti-pehlwani-mud-wrestling.jpg", "author": "Lebd", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kushti_%28in_Bharatpur_March_2013%29.jpg" } }, { "id": 257, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/257-phulkari-darn-stitch-embroidery/", "name": "Phulkari darn-stitch embroidery", "native": "phulkari (flower work)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Fill a coarse cloth grid with long darn stitches worked from the back so that coloured silk floss builds geometric flowers, triangles and lattices.", "how_played": "Fill a coarse cloth grid with long darn stitches worked from the back so that coloured silk floss builds geometric flowers, triangles and lattices.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Pakistan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Phulkari_with_traditional_flower_pattern_on_unworked_background.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00257-phulkari-darn-stitch-embroidery.jpg", "author": "Chiswick Chap", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Phulkari_with_traditional_flower_pattern_on_unworked_background.jpg" } }, { "id": 258, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/258-bandhani-tie-dye/", "name": "Bandhani tie-dye", "native": "bandhej, bandhani", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Pick fabric points to pinch and bind with thread, then dip in dye baths in sequence so the resist dots form a target pattern.", "how_played": "Pick fabric points to pinch and bind with thread, then dip in dye baths in sequence so the resist dots form a target pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bandhani_dyeing_method.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00258-bandhani-tie-dye.jpg", "author": "Ramkumar Kalyani", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bandhani_dyeing_method.jpg" } }, { "id": 259, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/259-lippan-kaam-mud-and-mirror-relief/", "name": "Lippan kaam mud-and-mirror relief", "native": "lippan kaam", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Press mud-clay coils into a circular relief and set tiny mirror pieces into the pattern so light plays across it.", "how_played": "Press mud-clay coils into a circular relief and set tiny mirror pieces into the pattern so light plays across it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2018-07-18_kutch_mud_work.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00259-lippan-kaam-mud-and-mirror-relief.jpg", "author": "b sarangi", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2018-07-18_kutch_mud_work.jpg" } }, { "id": 260, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/260-mehndi-henna-pattern-drawing/", "name": "Mehndi henna pattern drawing", "native": "mehndi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Draw flowing paisley, vine and dot motifs with a henna cone along guided lines, filling a hand or palm template with fine detail.", "how_played": "Draw flowing paisley, vine and dot motifs with a henna cone along guided lines, filling a hand or palm template with fine detail.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Pakistan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mehndi_henna_design.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00260-mehndi-henna-pattern-drawing.jpg", "author": "Rangbaz", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mehndi_henna_design.jpg" } }, { "id": 262, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/262-jaipur-blue-pottery-painting/", "name": "Jaipur blue pottery painting", "native": "blue pottery", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Paint cobalt-blue floral and animal motifs onto a quartz-paste vase blank, then see the glaze fire and brighten.", "how_played": "Paint cobalt-blue floral and animal motifs onto a quartz-paste vase blank, then see the glaze fire and brighten.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jaipur_Blue_Pottery_Vase_with_Raja-Rani_Design.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00262-jaipur-blue-pottery-painting.jpg", "author": "Neek-Theri", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jaipur_Blue_Pottery_Vase_with_Raja-Rani_Design.jpg" } }, { "id": 263, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/263-dhol-drum-rhythm/", "name": "Dhol drum rhythm", "native": "dhol", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Hit the two heads of a barrel dhol with a stick and a thin switch to the tempo as bhangra-style beats scroll.", "how_played": "Hit the two heads of a barrel dhol with a stick and a thin switch to the tempo as bhangra-style beats scroll.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dhol_players_at_Bhagoria_Festival_2026%2C_Ranapur_02.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00263-dhol-drum-rhythm.jpg", "author": "Suyash Dwivedi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dhol_players_at_Bhagoria_Festival_2026%2C_Ranapur_02.jpg" } }, { "id": 264, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/264-indian-club-swinging/", "name": "Indian club swinging", "native": "mugdar, jori, meels", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Swing paired heavy clubs in circles and arcs, matching the moves and tempo shown to build a flowing routine.", "how_played": "Swing paired heavy clubs in circles and arcs, matching the moves and tempo shown to build a flowing routine.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_clubs.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00264-indian-club-swinging.jpg", "author": "Sobebunny", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_clubs.jpg" } }, { "id": 265, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/265-shikara-paddle-race/", "name": "Shikara paddle race", "native": "shikara", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Paddle a long, shallow boat through lily-pad and houseboat lanes to deliver goods before the light fades.", "how_played": "Paddle a long, shallow boat through lily-pad and houseboat lanes to deliver goods before the light fades.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empty_shikara_on_Dal_Lake%2C_Srinagar%2C_India_2013-08-23_%28flickr_9967093983%29.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00265-shikara-paddle-race.jpg", "author": "Fulvio Spada from Torino, Italy", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empty_shikara_on_Dal_Lake%2C_Srinagar%2C_India_2013-08-23_%28flickr_9967093983%29.jpg" } }, { "id": 266, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/266-chikankari-white-on-white-embroidery/", "name": "Chikankari white-on-white embroidery", "native": "chikankari", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Choose stitches (shadow work, knots, jali) and place them to fill leaf and flower motifs on fine muslin.", "how_played": "Choose stitches (shadow work, knots, jali) and place them to fill leaf and flower motifs on fine muslin.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chikan_embroidery_pink_and_green.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00266-chikankari-white-on-white-embroidery.jpg", "author": "Parineetaji123", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chikan_embroidery_pink_and_green.jpg" } }, { "id": 267, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/267-kathak-tatkar-footwork-rhythm/", "name": "Kathak tatkar footwork rhythm", "native": "tatkar, ghungroo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Stamp feet to a cycle of beats shown by a tabla loop while bells ring and the rhythm speeds up in steps.", "how_played": "Stamp feet to a cycle of beats shown by a tabla loop while bells ring and the rhythm speeds up in steps.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kathak_Tatkar.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00267-kathak-tatkar-footwork-rhythm.jpg", "author": "RaniJhansi0310", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kathak_Tatkar.jpg" } }, { "id": 268, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/268-bhavai-pot-balance-dance/", "name": "Bhavai pot-balance dance", "native": "bhavai", "alt": [ "Bhavai dance" ], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Balance a growing stack of earthen pots on the head while stepping and turning to the music without letting the tower fall.", "how_played": "Balance a growing stack of earthen pots on the head while stepping and turning to the music without letting the tower fall.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MadhuJagdhish_Bhavai_Dance_1.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavai_dance" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00268-bhavai-pot-balance-dance.jpg", "author": "Jmadhu", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MadhuJagdhish_Bhavai_Dance_1.jpg" } }, { "id": 269, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/269-kashmiri-papier-mache-painting/", "name": "Kashmiri papier-mache painting", "native": "kari-qalamkar", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Layer paper-pulp into a box shape, then paint fine gold-and-colour floral borders with a thin brush, following guide strokes.", "how_played": "Layer paper-pulp into a box shape, then paint fine gold-and-colour floral borders with a thin brush, following guide strokes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9_artist.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00269-kashmiri-papier-mache-painting.jpg", "author": "Nagarjun", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9_artist.jpg" } }, { "id": 270, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/270-rabab-plucked-lute/", "name": "Rabab plucked lute", "native": "rabab (rubab)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Pluck and strum the strings of a skin-faced lute following scrolling notes in drone-and-melody patterns.", "how_played": "Pluck and strum the strings of a skin-faced lute following scrolling notes in drone-and-melody patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rabab_ca._1885_Indian_%28north%29%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00270-rabab-plucked-lute.jpg", "author": "Unnamed photographer, released into public domain by Metropo", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rabab_ca._1885_Indian_%28north%29%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" } }, { "id": 271, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/271-silambam/", "name": "Silambam", "native": "சிலம்பம்", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Two fencers circle with long bamboo staffs, scoring touches with strikes, blocks and footwork patterns.", "how_played": "Two fencers circle with long bamboo staffs, scoring touches with strikes, blocks and footwork patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWeapons_images_of_Silambam.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00271-silambam.jpg", "author": "Arunachalam Mani", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWeapons_images_of_Silambam.jpg" } }, { "id": 272, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/272-channapatna-lacquer-toys/", "name": "Channapatna lacquer toys", "native": "ಚನ್ನಪಟ್ಟಣ ಗೊಂಬೆಗಳು", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Shape a spinning wooden block with a chisel, then press coloured lac sticks onto it to melt vivid bands, and finish a toy.", "how_played": "Shape a spinning wooden block with a chisel, then press coloured lac sticks onto it to melt vivid bands, and finish a toy.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFinished_Channapatna_toys.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00272-channapatna-lacquer-toys.jpg", "author": "KartikMistry", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFinished_Channapatna_toys.jpg" } }, { "id": 273, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/273-kalamkari-pen-painting/", "name": "Kalamkari pen painting", "native": "కలంకారి", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Draw natural motifs with a bamboo kalam on cloth, then fill in them using the mordant-and-dye steps in the right order.", "how_played": "Draw natural motifs with a bamboo kalam on cloth, then fill in them using the mordant-and-dye steps in the right order.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKalamkari_Art.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00273-kalamkari-pen-painting.jpg", "author": "Ravitheja Kumar Reddy C", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKalamkari_Art.jpg" } }, { "id": 274, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/274-bidriware-silver-inlay/", "name": "Bidriware silver inlay", "native": "ಬಿದರಿ", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Engrave a pattern on a dark metal vessel and press in silver wire to match a design, then polish the black finish.", "how_played": "Engrave a pattern on a dark metal vessel and press in silver wire to match a design, then polish the black finish.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMaking_Bidriware.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00274-bidriware-silver-inlay.jpg", "author": "Footlooseinme", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMaking_Bidriware.jpg" } }, { "id": 275, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/275-thanjavur-dancing-doll/", "name": "Thanjavur dancing doll", "native": "தஞ்சாவூர் தலையாட்டி பொம்மை", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Toys", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Tip, stack and tune the weighted round-bottom dolls so they sway gracefully and settle upright; match sway patterns.", "how_played": "Tip, stack and tune the weighted round-bottom dolls so they sway gracefully and settle upright; match sway patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AThanjavur_Dancing_Dolls.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00275-thanjavur-dancing-doll.jpg", "author": "Sindugab", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AThanjavur_Dancing_Dolls.jpg" } }, { "id": 276, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/276-kondapalli-village-toys/", "name": "Kondapalli village toys", "native": "కొండపల్లి బొమ్మలు", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Carve and paint soft-wood figures to compose a village scene from a bullock cart, palanquin and market folk.", "how_played": "Carve and paint soft-wood figures to compose a village scene from a bullock cart, palanquin and market folk.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKondapalli_Toys_%283404488827%29.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00276-kondapalli-village-toys.jpg", "author": "Balamurugan Natarajan from chennai, India", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKondapalli_Toys_%283404488827%29.jpg" } }, { "id": 278, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/278-dhokra-lost-wax-casting/", "name": "Dhokra lost-wax casting", "native": "ଢୋକରା", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Coil wax threads into a figure, coat in clay, melt out the wax and pour metal, choosing steps in order.", "how_played": "Coil wax threads into a figure, coat in clay, melt out the wax and pour metal, choosing steps in order.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ADhokra_figurines_by_Dharua_women_of_Odisha.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00278-dhokra-lost-wax-casting.jpg", "author": "Government of Odisha", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ADhokra_figurines_by_Dharua_women_of_Odisha.jpg" } }, { "id": 279, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/279-tarakasi-silver-filigree/", "name": "Tarakasi silver filigree", "native": "ତାରକସି", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Twist thin silver wire into curls and fix them into a frame to complete flower and leaf designs.", "how_played": "Twist thin silver wire into curls and fix them into a frame to complete flower and leaf designs.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACuttack_Tarkasi_%28silver_filigree%29_pendant_%26_ear_rings.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00279-tarakasi-silver-filigree.jpg", "author": "ଆଶୁତୋଷ କର", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACuttack_Tarkasi_%28silver_filigree%29_pendant_%26_ear_rings.jpg" } }, { "id": 280, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/280-bankura-terracotta-horse/", "name": "Bankura terracotta horse", "native": "বাঁকুড়া ঘোড়া", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Build a horse from hand-formed hollow clay parts, decorate with stamps, and fire it in a village kiln.", "how_played": "Build a horse from hand-formed hollow clay parts, decorate with stamps, and fire it in a village kiln.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ABankura_Terracotta_Horses.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00280-bankura-terracotta-horse.jpg", "author": "Footlooseinme", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ABankura_Terracotta_Horses.jpg" } }, { "id": 282, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/282-veena/", "name": "Veena", "native": "வீணை", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Pluck strings and slide the finger along frets to play note-by-note melodies and ornaments (gamaka) in guided scales.", "how_played": "Pluck strings and slide the finger along frets to play note-by-note melodies and ornaments (gamaka) in guided scales.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ASaraswati_veena_-_Collections_of_the_Government_Museum_%28Bangalore%29-TTT17_%289%29.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00282-veena.jpg", "author": "Param munde", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ASaraswati_veena_-_Collections_of_the_Government_Museum_%28Bangalore%29-TTT17_%289%29.jpg" } }, { "id": 283, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/283-sholapith-flower-carving/", "name": "Sholapith flower carving", "native": "শোলা", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Slice thin pith paper into petals and arrange them on wire to build flowers and garlands for a design.", "how_played": "Slice thin pith paper into petals and arrange them on wire to build flowers and garlands for a design.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3A6_out_of_8_types_of_traditional_flower_designs_made_out_of_sholapith.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00283-sholapith-flower-carving.jpg", "author": "Prakriti Panda", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3A6_out_of_8_types_of_traditional_flower_designs_made_out_of_sholapith.jpg" } }, { "id": 284, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/284-kantha-running-stitch-quilt/", "name": "Kantha running-stitch quilt", "native": "কাঁথা", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Trace running stitches through layered cloth to build ripples and motifs.", "how_played": "Trace running stitches through layered cloth to build ripples and motifs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKantha_%28bed_cover%29_from_Bengal%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art%2C_3983.1.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00284-kantha-running-stitch-quilt.jpg", "author": "Hiart", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKantha_%28bed_cover%29_from_Bengal%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art%2C_3983.1.JPG" } }, { "id": 285, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/285-aranmula-metal-mirror/", "name": "Aranmula metal mirror", "native": "ആറന്മുള കണ്ണാടി", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Mix bronze alloy by ratio, cast it, then grind and polish through finer grits until the surface reflects clearly.", "how_played": "Mix bronze alloy by ratio, cast it, then grind and polish through finer grits until the surface reflects clearly.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAranmula_Kannadi.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00285-aranmula-metal-mirror.jpg", "author": "Prasanth Prakash", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAranmula_Kannadi.jpg" } }, { "id": 286, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/286-sho/", "name": "Sho", "native": "ཤོ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Two to four players throw two dice and race nine coins each around a ring of 64 shells, with captures, blocking and exact-count finishes.", "how_played": "Two to four players throw two dice and race nine coins each around a ring of 64 shells, with captures, blocking and exact-count finishes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sho.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00286-sho.jpg", "author": "Moschusochse", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sho.jpg" } }, { "id": 287, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/287-peralikatuma/", "name": "Peralikatuma", "native": "පෙරලිකටුම", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Two players hop over each other's pieces on a mirrored octagonal-cross board, capturing by jumping, in the manner of draughts but on a star-shaped grid.", "how_played": "Two players hop over each other's pieces on a mirrored octagonal-cross board, capturing by jumping, in the manner of draughts but on a star-shaped grid.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peralikatuma_board.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00287-peralikatuma.jpg", "author": "unknown (public domain)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peralikatuma_board.JPG" } }, { "id": 288, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/288-stilt-fishing/", "name": "Stilt fishing", "native": "රිටිපැන්න", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Perch on a crossbar over the surf, balance against waves, cast a line at the right moment and land fish of different sizes before dusk.", "how_played": "Perch on a crossbar over the surf, balance against waves, cast a line at the right moment and land fish of different sizes before dusk.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishermen_practicing_traditional_stilt_fishing_near_Galle,_southern_Sri_Lanka,_20260207_1419_9448.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00288-stilt-fishing.jpg", "author": "Jakub Hałun", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishermen_practicing_traditional_stilt_fishing_near_Galle,_southern_Sri_Lanka,_20260207_1419_9448.jpg" } }, { "id": 290, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/290-murchunga/", "name": "Murchunga", "native": "मुर्चुङ्गा", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "country_codes": [ "NP" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Hold the metal frame to the lips and pluck the tongue, shaping notes with the mouth; the game follows melodies by timing plucks and mouth shapes.", "how_played": "Hold the metal frame to the lips and pluck the tongue, shaping notes with the mouth; the game follows melodies by timing plucks and mouth shapes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nepal.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Murchunga.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00290-murchunga.jpg", "author": "Hillbillywally", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Murchunga.jpg" } }, { "id": 293, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/293-doko-porter-trail/", "name": "Doko porter trail", "native": "डोको", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "country_codes": [ "NP" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Carry a loaded basket held by a headstrap up a mountain trail, balancing the load on steps and bridges and resting at the right moments.", "how_played": "Carry a loaded basket held by a headstrap up a mountain trail, balancing the load on steps and bridges and resting at the right moments.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nepal.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doko_carried_by_porters_to_carry_goods_in_Nepal-3069.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00293-doko-porter-trail.jpg", "author": "Bijay Chaurasia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doko_carried_by_porters_to_carry_goods_in_Nepal-3069.jpg" } }, { "id": 294, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/294-nakshi-kantha-embroidery/", "name": "Nakshi Kantha embroidery", "native": "নকশি কাঁথা", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Fill a quilt with running-stitch motifs (birds, fish, flowers, circles) in coloured thread to match and extend a pattern.", "how_played": "Fill a quilt with running-stitch motifs (birds, fish, flowers, circles) in coloured thread to match and extend a pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nakshi_kantha1.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00294-nakshi-kantha-embroidery.jpg", "author": "A junaid alam khan (talk)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nakshi_kantha1.JPG" } }, { "id": 295, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/295-dhaka-rickshaw-art/", "name": "Dhaka rickshaw art", "native": "রিকশা আর্ট", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Paint a rickshaw's back panel and hood with bright flowers, birds and landscapes, matching colour and motif to a brief.", "how_played": "Paint a rickshaw's back panel and hood with bright flowers, birds and landscapes, matching colour and motif to a brief.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rickshaw_Art.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00295-dhaka-rickshaw-art.jpg", "author": "Joysaha.bd", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rickshaw_Art.jpg" } }, { "id": 297, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/297-chungi/", "name": "Chungi", "native": "चुङ्गी", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nepal", "India" ], "country_codes": [ "NP", "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Keep a ball made of tied rubber bands in the air with the feet, counting kicks and tricks without dropping it.", "how_played": "Keep a ball made of tied rubber bands in the air with the feet, counting kicks and tricks without dropping it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nepal, India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chungi.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00297-chungi.jpg", "author": "Gaurav Dhwaj Khadka", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chungi.jpg" } }, { "id": 298, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/298-lathi-khela/", "name": "Lathi Khela", "native": "লাঠি খেলা", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Two fighters with long bamboo staffs trade guarded strikes in a ring until one scores three touches.", "how_played": "Two fighters with long bamboo staffs trade guarded strikes in a ring until one scores three touches.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Lathi_Khela_of_Rural_Bangladesh_334.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00298-lathi-khela.jpg", "author": "Frameofashik", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Lathi_Khela_of_Rural_Bangladesh_334.jpg" } }, { "id": 299, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/299-ambalangoda-mask-carving/", "name": "Ambalangoda mask carving", "native": "අම්බලන්ගොඩ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Carve and paint a lightwood mask in a character from the folk plays (king, soldier, animal) following a template.", "how_played": "Carve and paint a lightwood mask in a character from the folk plays (king, soldier, animal) following a template.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ambalangoda_mask_manufacturing_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00299-ambalangoda-mask-carving.jpg", "author": "Dan arndt", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ambalangoda_mask_manufacturing_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 300, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/300-dranyen/", "name": "Dranyen", "native": "སྒྲ་སྙན", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Pluck the six-string long-neck lute (dramyin) along a folk-song melody on a fretless neck.", "how_played": "Pluck the six-string long-neck lute (dramyin) along a folk-song melody on a fretless neck.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dramyin_(Tibetan_lute)_and_my_uncles_guitar.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00300-dranyen.jpg", "author": "~maja*majika~", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dramyin_(Tibetan_lute)_and_my_uncles_guitar.jpg" } }, { "id": 301, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/301-co-ganh/", "name": "Co Ganh", "native": "Cờ gánh", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Vietnam" ], "country_codes": [ "VN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Two players with 8 pieces each on a 5x5 diagonal-lined board move one step at a time; sandwiching an enemy piece (or two) between your pieces flips them to your colour, and trapped groups can be captured en bloc.", "how_played": "Two players with 8 pieces each on a 5x5 diagonal-lined board move one step at a time; sandwiching an enemy piece (or two) between your pieces flips them to your colour, and trapped groups can be captured en bloc.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vietnam.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ganh_Chess.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00301-co-ganh.jpg", "author": "Tttrung", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ganh_Chess.png" } }, { "id": 302, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/302-sittuyin/", "name": "Sittuyin", "native": "စစ်တုရင်", "alt": [ "Burmese chess" ], "countries": [ "Myanmar" ], "country_codes": [ "MM" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Players secretly place their pieces on their half of an 8x8 board behind a curtain, then play a chess-family game where pawns promote on marked diagonals.", "how_played": "Players secretly place their pieces on their half of an 8x8 board behind a curtain, then play a chess-family game where pawns promote on marked diagonals.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Myanmar.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sittuyin-pieces.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sittuyin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Myanmar" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00302-sittuyin.jpg", "author": "Wikimerge", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sittuyin-pieces.jpg" } }, { "id": 303, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/303-water-puppet-pond-theatre/", "name": "Water puppet pond theatre", "native": "Múa rối nước", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Vietnam" ], "country_codes": [ "VN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "Puppetry and shadow play", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Direct lacquered wooden puppets with hidden poles and strings across a pond stage, timing moves to folk music and acting out village life scenes such as rice planting and fishing.", "how_played": "Direct lacquered wooden puppets with hidden poles and strings across a pond stage, timing moves to folk music and acting out village life scenes such as rice planting and fishing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vietnam. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnamese_water_puppets_(7175324339).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00303-water-puppet-pond-theatre.jpg", "author": "Francisco Anzola", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnamese_water_puppets_(7175324339).jpg" } }, { "id": 304, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/304-intha-leg-rowing-on-the-lake/", "name": "Intha leg rowing on the lake", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Myanmar" ], "country_codes": [ "MM" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Balance on one leg at the stern of a narrow boat, wrap the other leg around the oar, steer through floating gardens and use free hands to lift a conical fishing net.", "how_played": "Balance on one leg at the stern of a narrow boat, wrap the other leg around the oar, steer through floating gardens and use free hands to lift a conical fishing net.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Myanmar.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inle_Lake_Leg_Rowers_(7439853456).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00304-intha-leg-rowing-on-the-lake.jpg", "author": "Mark Fischer", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inle_Lake_Leg_Rowers_(7439853456).jpg" } }, { "id": 305, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/305-ranat-ek/", "name": "Ranat ek", "native": "ระนาดเอก", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Strike boat-shaped bars with two mallets in time with falling notes to play classical Thai melodies in the five-tone-plus scale.", "how_played": "Strike boat-shaped bars with two mallets in time with falling notes to play classical Thai melodies in the five-tone-plus scale.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ranat_ek.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00305-ranat-ek.jpg", "author": "Paul_012", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ranat_ek.jpg" } }, { "id": 306, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/306-saung-gauk/", "name": "Saung gauk", "native": "စောင်းကောက်", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Myanmar" ], "country_codes": [ "MM" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Pluck 13 silk strings of a boat-bodied arched harp to follow falling-note songs or improvise melodies.", "how_played": "Pluck 13 silk strings of a boat-bodied arched harp to follow falling-note songs or improvise melodies.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Myanmar.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saung_Gauk_Harp_Mandalay.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00306-saung-gauk.jpg", "author": "Philip Nalangan", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saung_Gauk_Harp_Mandalay.jpg" } }, { "id": 307, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/307-luk-chup/", "name": "Luk chup", "native": "ลูกชุบ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Mould sweet mung-bean paste into tiny fruits, paint with edible colours, then dip in glossy agar jelly to finish matching tiny orders.", "how_played": "Mould sweet mung-bean paste into tiny fruits, paint with edible colours, then dip in glossy agar jelly to finish matching tiny orders.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luk_Chup_Thailand.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00307-luk-chup.jpg", "author": "Aqilla Rahmi", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luk_Chup_Thailand.jpg" } }, { "id": 308, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/308-thung-chai-basket-boat-spinning/", "name": "Thung chai basket-boat spinning", "native": "thúng chai", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Vietnam" ], "country_codes": [ "VN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Row a round woven basket boat by twisting the oar so it spins and steers through waves to gather nets and catch fish without capsizing.", "how_played": "Row a round woven basket boat by twisting the oar so it spins and steers through waves to gather nets and catch fish without capsizing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vietnam.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Da-Nang_Vietnam_Coracles-01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00308-thung-chai-basket-boat-spinning.jpg", "author": "CEphoto, Uwe Aranas", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Da-Nang_Vietnam_Coracles-01.jpg" } }, { "id": 309, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/309-phuang-malai-flower-garland-threading/", "name": "Phuang malai flower garland threading", "native": "พวงมาลัย", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Thread jasmine buds, marigold petals and folded petals onto a string in the right order to match garland patterns within a time limit.", "how_played": "Thread jasmine buds, marigold petals and folded petals onto a string in the right order to match garland patterns within a time limit.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bangkok,_Thailand,_March_2023_-_Jasmine_phuang_malai_(flower_garland).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00309-phuang-malai-flower-garland-threading.jpg", "author": "Sharon Hahn Darlin", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bangkok,_Thailand,_March_2023_-_Jasmine_phuang_malai_(flower_garland).jpg" } }, { "id": 310, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/310-burmese-lacquerware-engraving/", "name": "Burmese lacquerware engraving", "native": "ယွန်း", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Myanmar" ], "country_codes": [ "MM" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Build layers of colour on a bamboo-and-lacquer bowl, then scratch patterns through coats so each cut reveals a different colour.", "how_played": "Build layers of colour on a bamboo-and-lacquer bowl, then scratch patterns through coats so each cut reveals a different colour.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Myanmar. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Myanmar_Lacquerware.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00310-burmese-lacquerware-engraving.jpg", "author": "Cloud Consciousness", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Myanmar_Lacquerware.jpg" } }, { "id": 311, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/311-lao-silk-brocade-weaving/", "name": "Lao silk brocade weaving", "native": "ຜ້າຊິ່ນ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Laos" ], "country_codes": [ "LA" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Raise heddles and choose supplementary-weft colours across a pattern grid to weave a skirt border with geometric motifs.", "how_played": "Raise heddles and choose supplementary-weft colours across a pattern grid to weave a skirt border with geometric motifs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Laos. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Weaving_traditional_Laotian_garments_(14419334228).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00311-lao-silk-brocade-weaving.jpg", "author": "shankar s. from Dubai, united arab emirates", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Weaving_traditional_Laotian_garments_(14419334228).jpg" } }, { "id": 313, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/313-palm-sugar-boiling-and-mould-filling/", "name": "Palm sugar boiling and mould-filling", "native": "ស្ករត្នោត", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cambodia" ], "country_codes": [ "KH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Climb the sugar palm, collect sap, boil to caramel, pour into moulds and sell batches in a rural market.", "how_played": "Climb the sugar palm, collect sap, boil to caramel, pour into moulds and sell batches in a rural market.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cambodia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cambodia-Palm_sugar-14-2007-gje.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00313-palm-sugar-boiling-and-mould-filling.jpg", "author": "Gerd Eichmann", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cambodia-Palm_sugar-14-2007-gje.jpg" } }, { "id": 314, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/314-yoke-the/", "name": "Yoke thé", "native": "ရုပ်သေးရုံ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Myanmar" ], "country_codes": [ "MM" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "Puppetry and shadow play", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Control strings of a jointed puppet to dance, bow and fight in timed gestures against a painted backdrop with music.", "how_played": "Control strings of a jointed puppet to dance, bow and fight in timed gestures against a painted backdrop with music.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Myanmar.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_puppet_show,_Bagan,_Myanmar_-_20141209-05.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00314-yoke-the.jpg", "author": "Jacklee", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_puppet_show,_Bagan,_Myanmar_-_20141209-05.JPG" } }, { "id": 315, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/315-floating-market-trader/", "name": "Floating market trader", "native": "ตลาดน้ำ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Paddle a boat along a canal, select the right fruit, noodles or sweets for each customer boat and keep the cargo balanced.", "how_played": "Paddle a boat along a canal, select the right fruit, noodles or sweets for each customer boat and keep the cargo balanced.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amphawa_Floating_Market_3.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00315-floating-market-trader.jpg", "author": "Rangan Datta Wiki", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amphawa_Floating_Market_3.jpg" } }, { "id": 316, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/316-lato-lato/", "name": "Lato-lato", "native": "Lato-lato", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia", "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID", "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Toys", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Swing two hard balls on a cord so they click against each other, keeping the rhythm going as long as possible.", "how_played": "Swing two hard balls on a cord so they click against each other, keeping the rhythm going as long as possible.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia, Malaysia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lato-lato.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00316-lato-lato.jpg", "author": "AntaraTV", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lato-lato.jpg" } }, { "id": 317, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/317-sasando/", "name": "Sasando", "native": "Sasando", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "A bamboo tube wrapped with strings inside a palm-leaf fan resonator; pluck both sides with the fingertips.", "how_played": "A bamboo tube wrapped with strings inside a palm-leaf fan resonator; pluck both sides with the fingertips.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alat_Musik_Sasando.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00317-sasando.jpg", "author": "Fakhri Anindita", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alat_Musik_Sasando.jpg" } }, { "id": 318, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/318-kulintang/", "name": "Kulintang", "native": "Kulintang", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines", "Malaysia", "Brunei", "Timor-Leste" ], "country_codes": [ "PH", "MY", "BN", "TL" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Strike a row of eight small horizontal gongs with two beaters, following the melodic patterns over drone gongs.", "how_played": "Strike a row of eight small horizontal gongs with two beaters, following the melodic patterns over drone gongs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kulintang_08.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00318-kulintang.jpg", "author": "Philip Dominguez Mercurio", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kulintang_08.jpg" } }, { "id": 320, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/320-songket/", "name": "Songket", "native": "Songket", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malaysia", "Brunei", "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "MY", "BN", "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Lift selected warp threads and pass gold weft to build a motif row by row on a loom.", "how_played": "Lift selected warp threads and pass gold weft to build a motif row by row on a loom.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Songket,_Woven_on_backstrap_and_Joined_170_X_88cm_20121207_4.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00320-songket.jpg", "author": "Chris Hazzard", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Songket,_Woven_on_backstrap_and_Joined_170_X_88cm_20121207_4.JPG" } }, { "id": 321, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/321-tais/", "name": "Tais", "native": "Tais", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Timor-Leste" ], "country_codes": [ "TL" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Build banded cloth with colour stripes and motif bands on a backstrap loom to match a pattern card.", "how_played": "Build banded cloth with colour stripes and motif bands on a backstrap loom to match a pattern card.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Timor-Leste. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tais_weaving_from_Timor_Leste.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00321-tais.jpg", "author": "Rahmaziz", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tais_weaving_from_Timor_Leste.jpg" } }, { "id": 322, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/322-ketupat/", "name": "Ketupat", "native": "Ketupat / puso", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malaysia", "Indonesia", "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "MY", "ID", "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Weave strips of young palm leaf over and under into a diamond pouch, following a fold sequence.", "how_played": "Weave strips of young palm leaf over and under into a diamond pouch, following a fold sequence.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ketupat_weaving_4.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00322-ketupat.jpg", "author": "Gunawan Kartapranata", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ketupat_weaving_4.jpg" } }, { "id": 323, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/323-arnis-eskrima/", "name": "Arnis / Eskrima", "native": "Arnis", "alt": [ "Arnis stick fighting" ], "countries": [ "Philippines", "Timor-Leste" ], "country_codes": [ "PH", "TL" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Strike and block with padded rattan sticks, scoring clean hits on armoured targets.", "how_played": "Strike and block with padded rattan sticks, scoring clean hits on armoured targets.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eskrima.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_East_Timor" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00323-arnis-eskrima.jpg", "author": "Mr.Colling", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eskrima.jpg" } }, { "id": 324, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/324-bakiak/", "name": "Bakiak", "native": "Bakiak / bakya", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia", "Malaysia", "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "ID", "MY", "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Several players step in sync on one long wooden plank with footholds to race to the finish.", "how_played": "Several players step in sync on one long wooden plank with footholds to race to the finish.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bakiak_(Teklek)_History_of_Java_Museum.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00324-bakiak.jpg", "author": "Faa.story", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bakiak_(Teklek)_History_of_Java_Museum.jpg" } }, { "id": 325, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/325-cublak-cublak-suweng/", "name": "Cublak-cublak suweng", "native": "Cublak-cublak suweng", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Players sit in a ring, one guesses who holds a hidden stone while it is passed behind hands to a traditional rhyme.", "how_played": "Players sit in a ring, one guesses who holds a hidden stone while it is passed behind hands to a traditional rhyme.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pacublak-cublak_uang.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00325-cublak-cublak-suweng.jpg", "author": "SU03Ai", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pacublak-cublak_uang.jpg" } }, { "id": 326, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/326-bentengan/", "name": "Bentengan", "native": "Bentengan", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Bentengan is a board and table game tradition from Indonesia.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARENA_BERMAIN_PERMAINAN_BENTENGAN.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00326-bentengan.jpg", "author": "Silvia Atriyanti Saputri", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARENA_BERMAIN_PERMAINAN_BENTENGAN.png" } }, { "id": 327, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/327-pinisi/", "name": "Pinisi", "native": "Pinisi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Build a pinisi and sail spice-island trade routes, trimming sails to the monsoon and trading cargo.", "how_played": "Build a pinisi and sail spice-island trade routes, trimming sails to the monsoon and trading cargo.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kapal_Pinisi_Indonesia.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00327-pinisi.jpg", "author": "Mulia Setiani", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kapal_Pinisi_Indonesia.jpg" } }, { "id": 329, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/329-pencak-silat/", "name": "Pencak silat", "native": "Pencak silat", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia", "Malaysia", "Brunei", "Singapore" ], "country_codes": [ "ID", "MY", "BN", "SG" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Perform graceful forms and score sparring techniques, timing strikes, sweeps and blocks.", "how_played": "Perform graceful forms and score sparring techniques, timing strikes, sweeps and blocks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indonesian_Pencak_Silat.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00329-pencak-silat.jpg", "author": "Sam Hidayat", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indonesian_Pencak_Silat.jpg" } }, { "id": 330, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/330-independence-day-field-games/", "name": "Independence-day field games", "native": "Lomba Agustusan", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Hop in a sack, balance a marble spoon, or bite a hanging cracker without hands in a series of quick comic contests.", "how_played": "Hop in a sack, balance a marble spoon, or bite a hanging cracker without hands in a series of quick comic contests.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balap_Karung.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00330-independence-day-field-games.jpg", "author": "Irsam Soetarto", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balap_Karung.jpg" } }, { "id": 331, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/331-liubo/", "name": "Liubo", "native": "六博", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Two players each move six pieces around a cross-shaped lacquered board on twelve paths, rolling sticks or dice to advance and capture, aiming to bring pieces to the central 'pond' and score six points.", "how_played": "Two players each move six pieces around a cross-shaped lacquered board on twelve paths, rolling sticks or dice to advance and capture, aiming to bring pieces to the central 'pond' and score six points.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lacquered_Liubo_Chess_Set.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00331-liubo.jpg", "author": "drs2biz on Flickr", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lacquered_Liubo_Chess_Set.jpg" } }, { "id": 332, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/332-chuiwan/", "name": "Chuiwan", "native": "捶丸", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Players choose among a few club types (up to ten) to knock a ball across varied terrain into small holes marked by coloured flags, lowest strokes winning.", "how_played": "Players choose among a few club types (up to ten) to knock a ball across varied terrain into small holes marked by coloured flags, lowest strokes winning.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ming_Emperor_Xuande_playing_Golf.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00332-chuiwan.jpg", "author": "unknown", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ming_Emperor_Xuande_playing_Golf.jpg" } }, { "id": 333, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/333-cuju/", "name": "Cuju", "native": "蹴鞠", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Players kick and juggle a stuffed leather ball with feet and body, passing it among teammates or through a single goal in a net, scoring for style and accuracy.", "how_played": "Players kick and juggle a stuffed leather ball with feet and body, passing it among teammates or through a single goal in a net, scoring for style and accuracy.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Taizu_play_Cuju.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00333-cuju.jpg", "author": "Qian Xuan", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Taizu_play_Cuju.jpg" } }, { "id": 336, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/336-bianzhong/", "name": "Bianzhong", "native": "编钟", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Strike a tiered set of bronze bells with mallets, each bell giving two pitches depending on where it is hit, to play melodies.", "how_played": "Strike a tiered set of bronze bells with mallets, each bell giving two pitches depending on where it is hit, to play melodies.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bianzhong.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00336-bianzhong.jpg", "author": "The original uploader was Zzjgbc at Chinese Wikipedia.", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bianzhong.jpg" } }, { "id": 337, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/337-lusheng/", "name": "Lusheng", "native": "芦笙", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Blow and finger a bundle of bamboo pipes in a group, matching your note and a stepping rhythm with other players in a circle.", "how_played": "Blow and finger a bundle of bamboo pipes in a group, matching your note and a stepping rhythm with other players in a circle.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Miao_musicians.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00337-lusheng.jpg", "author": "Michael Mooney from Chicago, USA", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Miao_musicians.jpg" } }, { "id": 340, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/340-lamian/", "name": "Lamian", "native": "拉面", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Stretch, fold and slap dough in a rhythmic pull-and-fold gesture, doubling strands each time to reach target thinness without breaking.", "how_played": "Stretch, fold and slap dough in a rhythmic pull-and-fold gesture, doubling strands each time to reach target thinness without breaking.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202403_Hand-Pulling_Noodles_of_Yafan,_Jinhua.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00340-lamian.jpg", "author": "MNXANL", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202403_Hand-Pulling_Noodles_of_Yafan,_Jinhua.jpg" } }, { "id": 341, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/341-seal-carving/", "name": "Seal carving", "native": "篆刻", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Plan the characters inside a square, then carve the stone with a knife so the stamped print reveals a balanced design, with scoring for composition and clean strokes.", "how_played": "Plan the characters inside a square, then carve the stone with a knife so the stamped print reveals a balanced design, with scoring for composition and clean strokes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2018%E8%BF%8E%E6%96%B0%E6%98%A5%E5%BF%97%E6%84%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8_%E7%AF%86%E5%88%BB_03.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00341-seal-carving.jpg", "author": "Cyclohexane233", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2018%E8%BF%8E%E6%96%B0%E6%98%A5%E5%BF%97%E6%84%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8_%E7%AF%86%E5%88%BB_03.jpg" } }, { "id": 342, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/342-blue-and-white-porcelain-painting/", "name": "Blue-and-white porcelain painting", "native": "青花瓷", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Brush cobalt patterns onto a spinning white porcelain piece, balancing line weight and symmetry so the 'firing' reveals the final blue glaze.", "how_played": "Brush cobalt patterns onto a spinning white porcelain piece, balancing line weight and symmetry so the 'firing' reveals the final blue glaze.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_dish,_Ming_dynasty,_Wanli_period_(1573-1619),_porcelain_with_glaze,_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00342-blue-and-white-porcelain-painting.jpg", "author": "Hiart", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_dish,_Ming_dynasty,_Wanli_period_(1573-1619),_porcelain_with_glaze,_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG" } }, { "id": 343, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/343-cloisonne/", "name": "Cloisonne", "native": "景泰蓝", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Bend thin wire into patterned cells on a metal vessel, fill each cell with the right enamel colour and fire it for a shining finish.", "how_played": "Bend thin wire into patterned cells on a metal vessel, fill each cell with the right enamel colour and fire it for a shining finish.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ming_Cloisonne_Ding.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00343-cloisonne.jpg", "author": "Gary Todd", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ming_Cloisonne_Ding.jpg" } }, { "id": 344, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/344-oil-paper-umbrella-making/", "name": "Oil-paper umbrella making", "native": "油纸伞", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Fit bamboo ribs onto the hub, stretch and paste the paper, paint the pattern and oil it, then open the finished umbrella in the rain.", "how_played": "Fit bamboo ribs onto the hub, stretch and paste the paper, paint the pattern and oil it, then open the finished umbrella in the rain.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%B3%B8%E5%B7%9E%E6%B2%B9%E7%BA%B8%E4%BC%9E.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00344-oil-paper-umbrella-making.jpg", "author": "三猎", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%B3%B8%E5%B7%9E%E6%B2%B9%E7%BA%B8%E4%BC%9E.jpg" } }, { "id": 345, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/345-suzhou-silk-embroidery/", "name": "Suzhou silk embroidery", "native": "苏绣", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Choose and blend hair-fine silk threads in layered stitches, tracing a guide to build up a photorealistic animal or flower, including double-sided pieces.", "how_played": "Choose and blend hair-fine silk threads in layered stitches, tracing a guide to build up a photorealistic animal or flower, including double-sided pieces.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Suzhou_cat_embroidery.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00345-suzhou-silk-embroidery.jpg", "author": "Cecikierk", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Suzhou_cat_embroidery.jpg" } }, { "id": 346, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/346-menko/", "name": "Menko", "native": "面子 / めんこ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Each player lays a thick paper card or disc on the floor; the other slams their own down to create a gust or strike that flips it, winning both.", "how_played": "Each player lays a thick paper card or disc on the floor; the other slams their own down to create a gust or strike that flips it, winning both.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Menko-square-circle-collection.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00346-menko.jpg", "author": "Nesnad", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Menko-square-circle-collection.jpg" } }, { "id": 347, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/347-hanetsuki/", "name": "Hanetsuki", "native": "羽根突き", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Players bat a feathered hane shuttle with decorated wooden paddles (hagoita), one solo keep-up or two-player rally; misses are marked with ink on the face.", "how_played": "Players bat a feathered hane shuttle with decorated wooden paddles (hagoita), one solo keep-up or two-player rally; misses are marked with ink on the face.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kusakabe_Kimbei_-_152_Girls_Playing_at_Hane.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00347-hanetsuki.jpg", "author": "Kusakabe Kimbei", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kusakabe_Kimbei_-_152_Girls_Playing_at_Hane.jpg" } }, { "id": 348, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/348-e-sugoroku/", "name": "E-sugoroku", "native": "絵双六 / 道中双六", "alt": [ "Picture sugoroku", "Sugoroku" ], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Roll dice to travel the 53 stations of the old Tokaido road on an illustrated Edo board, landing on stops with events, shortcuts and setbacks.", "how_played": "Roll dice to travel the 53 stations of the old Tokaido road on an illustrated Edo board, landing on stops with events, shortcuts and setbacks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NDL-DC_1310705-Keisai_Eisen-%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E4%BA%94%E6%8B%BE%E4%B8%89%E9%A7%85%E5%90%8D%E6%89%80%E5%8F%A4%E8%B7%A1%E7%95%A5%E8%A8%98%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%8C%E5%85%AD-crd.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugoroku" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00348-e-sugoroku.jpg", "author": "Keisai Eisen", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NDL-DC_1310705-Keisai_Eisen-%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E4%BA%94%E6%8B%BE%E4%B8%89%E9%A7%85%E5%90%8D%E6%89%80%E5%8F%A4%E8%B7%A1%E7%95%A5%E8%A8%98%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%8C%E5%85%AD-crd.jpg" } }, { "id": 349, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/349-shakuhachi/", "name": "Shakuhachi", "native": "尺八", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Players shape breath and angle on a five-hole bamboo flute to play melodies by steady tone and pitch-bend.", "how_played": "Players shape breath and angle on a five-hole bamboo flute to play melodies by steady tone and pitch-bend.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shakuhachi_MET_142073.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00349-shakuhachi.jpg", "author": "MET Museum", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shakuhachi_MET_142073.jpg" } }, { "id": 350, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/350-nerikiri-wagashi-sculpting/", "name": "Nerikiri wagashi sculpting", "native": "練り切り", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Shape coloured bean-paste dough into seasonal sweets (flowers, fruit, leaves) using tools, matching a target form for a score.", "how_played": "Shape coloured bean-paste dough into seasonal sweets (flowers, fruit, leaves) using tools, matching a target form for a score.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nerikiri_(Suika).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00350-nerikiri-wagashi-sculpting.jpg", "author": "en:Nightshadow28", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nerikiri_(Suika).jpg" } }, { "id": 351, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/351-furoshiki/", "name": "Furoshiki", "native": "風呂敷", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Fold and knot a square cloth around objects of different shapes using ordered tucks and knots to match a target wrap.", "how_played": "Fold and knot a square cloth around objects of different shapes using ordered tucks and knots to match a target wrap.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Furoshiki,_traditional_japanese_wrapping_technique_with_cloths_(1).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00351-furoshiki.jpg", "author": "Culture Japon", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Furoshiki,_traditional_japanese_wrapping_technique_with_cloths_(1).jpg" } }, { "id": 352, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/352-takoyaki-style-ball-flipping/", "name": "Takoyaki-style ball flipping", "native": "たこ焼き", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Fill a hot iron plate of round moulds, then flip each batter ball with picks at the right moment to turn it golden.", "how_played": "Fill a hot iron plate of round moulds, then flip each batter ball with picks at the right moment to turn it golden.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Takoyaki_balls_(1).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00352-takoyaki-style-ball-flipping.jpg", "author": "Fumikas Sagisavas", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Takoyaki_balls_(1).jpg" } }, { "id": 353, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/353-kamishibai/", "name": "Kamishibai", "native": "紙芝居", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Arrange and pull illustrated cards in a wooden frame in the right order to tell a story and keep the child audience's attention.", "how_played": "Arrange and pull illustrated cards in a wooden frame in the right order to tell a story and keep the child audience's attention.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kamishibai_artist_at_kyomizudera_1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00353-kamishibai.jpg", "author": "Moroboshi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kamishibai_artist_at_kyomizudera_1.jpg" } }, { "id": 354, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/354-hanabi/", "name": "Hanabi", "native": "花火", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Pack colour stars into a shell, choose burst timing, then launch and judge how perfectly round the bloom opens.", "how_played": "Pack colour stars into a shell, choose burst timing, then launch and judge how perfectly round the bloom opens.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nagaoka_Festival_Fireworks_2015_Three-shaku_Fireworks.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00354-hanabi.jpg", "author": "113icecream Japanese Fireworks", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nagaoka_Festival_Fireworks_2015_Three-shaku_Fireworks.jpg" } }, { "id": 355, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/355-kokeshi-doll-painting/", "name": "Kokeshi doll painting", "native": "こけし", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Turn and paint a lathe-shaped wooden doll in the style of regional families (bold stripes, floral motifs, face brush).", "how_played": "Turn and paint a lathe-shaped wooden doll in the style of regional families (bold stripes, floral motifs, face brush).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kokeshi_20101105.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00355-kokeshi-doll-painting.jpg", "author": "Batholith", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kokeshi_20101105.jpg" } }, { "id": 356, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/356-tatami-room-tiling-puzzle/", "name": "Tatami room tiling puzzle", "native": "畳 / 畳敷き", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Cover a room outline with 2-by-1 mats and half-mats so that no four corners meet at one point (traditional layout rule).", "how_played": "Cover a room outline with 2-by-1 mats and half-mats so that no four corners meet at one point (traditional layout rule).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_room_with_tatami_mats.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00356-tatami-room-tiling-puzzle.jpg", "author": "Fg2", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_room_with_tatami_mats.jpg" } }, { "id": 357, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/357-amidakuji/", "name": "Amidakuji", "native": "あみだくじ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Pick a top line and follow it down, taking every horizontal rung you meet, to find where you end up (prize, task, or order).", "how_played": "Pick a top line and follow it down, taking every horizontal rung you meet, to find where you end up (prize, task, or order).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amidakuji.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00357-amidakuji.jpg", "author": "Yoimondai on ja.wikipedia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amidakuji.jpg" } }, { "id": 358, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/358-mochitsuki/", "name": "Mochitsuki", "native": "餅つき", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "One player pounds steamed rice with a mallet while the partner wets and turns it between strikes; sync the beats to make smooth mochi.", "how_played": "One player pounds steamed rice with a mallet while the partner wets and turns it between strikes; sync the beats to make smooth mochi.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_mochi_with_an_Usu_and_Kine.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00358-mochitsuki.jpg", "author": "Chris 73", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_mochi_with_an_Usu_and_Kine.jpg" } }, { "id": 359, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/359-sumo-bout/", "name": "Sumo bout", "native": "相撲", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Two wrestlers push, pivot and slap to force the other out of the straw-edged ring or off balance; short rounds decided in seconds.", "how_played": "Two wrestlers push, pivot and slap to force the other out of the straw-edged ring or off balance; short rounds decided in seconds.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sumo_dohyo-iri_May_2014_001.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00359-sumo-bout.jpg", "author": "Simon Q", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sumo_dohyo-iri_May_2014_001.jpg" } }, { "id": 360, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/360-hashi/", "name": "Hashi", "native": "橋をかけろ / Hashiwokakero", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Join numbered islands with single or double bridges so each island has the right bridge count and all islands are connected.", "how_played": "Join numbered islands with single or double bridges so each island has the right bridge count and all islands are connected.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bridges_solved.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00360-hashi.jpg", "author": "Encik Tekateki", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bridges_solved.png" } }, { "id": 361, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/361-gayageum/", "name": "Gayageum", "native": "가야금", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Pluck, press and shake (nonghyeon) the twelve silk strings, sliding bridges to tune, to play along with falling note cues that include the bending, vibrato-like gestures that make Korean sanjo music sound the way it...", "how_played": "Pluck, press and shake (nonghyeon) the twelve silk strings, sliding bridges to tune, to play along with falling note cues that include the bending, vibrato-like gestures that make Korean sanjo music sound the way it does.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gayageum_12_string.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00361-gayageum.jpg", "author": "Visviva", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gayageum_12_string.jpg" } }, { "id": 363, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/363-bojagi/", "name": "Bojagi", "native": "보자기", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Pick silk scraps from a tray and sew them seam by seam into a translucent, window-like cloth, matching colour rules and seam allowances to fill a given frame, then fold-wrap an object with it.", "how_played": "Pick silk scraps from a tray and sew them seam by seam into a translucent, window-like cloth, matching colour rules and seam allowances to fill a given frame, then fold-wrap an object with it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patchwork_Bojagi_(Wrapping_Cloth)_MET_DP158238.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00363-bojagi.jpg", "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patchwork_Bojagi_(Wrapping_Cloth)_MET_DP158238.jpg" } }, { "id": 364, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/364-hangul-syllable-blocks/", "name": "Hangul syllable blocks", "native": "한글", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Drag consonant and vowel pieces into square syllable blocks (Hangul is built from shapes that mimic the mouth), then chain blocks into words that fit a grid or answer a picture.", "how_played": "Drag consonant and vowel pieces into square syllable blocks (Hangul is built from shapes that mimic the mouth), then chain blocks into words that fit a grid or answer a picture.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunminjeongeum_Haerye_03.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00364-hangul-syllable-blocks.jpg", "author": "Government of Joseon", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunminjeongeum_Haerye_03.jpg" } }, { "id": 366, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/366-ssireum/", "name": "Ssireum", "native": "씨름", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Both players grab the opponent's thigh and waist sash.", "how_played": "Both players grab the opponent's thigh and waist sash.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Danwon-Ssireum.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00366-ssireum.jpg", "author": "Kim Hong-do", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Danwon-Ssireum.jpg" } }, { "id": 369, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/369-bamboo-scaffold-builder/", "name": "Bamboo scaffold builder", "native": "棚架", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Lash bamboo poles together with nylon ties following the lift pattern to raise a scaffold against a tower or a pop-up theatre, checking load and sway as it goes up.", "how_played": "Lash bamboo poles together with nylon ties following the lift pattern to raise a scaffold against a tower or a pop-up theatre, checking load and sway as it goes up.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Construction_worker_building_a_bamboo_scaffolding_in_Hong_Kong_(1).JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00369-bamboo-scaffold-builder.jpg", "author": "Clément Bucco-Lechat", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Construction_worker_building_a_bamboo_scaffolding_in_Hong_Kong_(1).JPG" } }, { "id": 370, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/370-cantonese-opera-role-maker/", "name": "Cantonese opera role maker", "native": "粵劇", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Choose the headdress, painted-face colours and gestures for a role (scholar, general, lady), then perform a short scene by matching sung rhythm and moves.", "how_played": "Choose the headdress, painted-face colours and gestures for a role (scholar, general, lady), then perform a short scene by matching sung rhythm and moves.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hand_coloured_photo_of_a_Cantonese_Opera_Male_Dan_performer_as_Hau_Mulan_in_1927,_Hong_Kong.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00370-cantonese-opera-role-maker.jpg", "author": "Jennychan1968", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hand_coloured_photo_of_a_Cantonese_Opera_Male_Dan_performer_as_Hau_Mulan_in_1927,_Hong_Kong.jpg" } }, { "id": 371, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/371-neon-sign-bender/", "name": "Neon sign bender", "native": "霓虹燈", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Heat a glass tube and drag the bend line along a template path to shape characters and shop-sign motifs, then wire and light them up on the street.", "how_played": "Heat a glass tube and drag the bend line along a template path to shape characters and shop-sign motifs, then wire and light them up on the street.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neon_Signs_Wan_Chai_Hong_Kong_City_(26009259343).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00371-neon-sign-bender.jpg", "author": "Chris from Shenzhen", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neon_Signs_Wan_Chai_Hong_Kong_City_(26009259343).jpg" } }, { "id": 372, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/372-macau-wave-pavement/", "name": "Macau wave pavement", "native": "calçada à portuguesa", "alt": [ "Portuguese Pavement Mosaic" ], "countries": [ "Portugal" ], "country_codes": [ "PT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Macau wave pavement is a crafts and making tradition from Portugal.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Portugal. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Senate_Square_Tiles_in_Macau.jpg", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cal%C3%A7ada_Portuguesa_Porto_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00372-macau-wave-pavement.jpg", "author": "Pat Ferrick (English Wikipedia)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Senate_Square_Tiles_in_Macau.jpg" } }, { "id": 373, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/373-mongol-bichig/", "name": "Mongol bichig", "native": "ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mongolia" ], "country_codes": [ "MN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Draw the top-down strokes of the traditional script with a reed pen following a stroke guide, linking letters into a vertical word whose shape changes by position in the word.", "how_played": "Draw the top-down strokes of the traditional script with a reed pen following a stroke guide, linking letters into a vertical word whose shape changes by position in the word.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Modern_Mongol_calligraphy.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00373-mongol-bichig.jpg", "author": "Unknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Modern_Mongol_calligraphy.jpg" } }, { "id": 374, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/374-bokh/", "name": "Bökh", "native": "бөх", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mongolia" ], "country_codes": [ "MN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Two wrestlers in boots and short jackets grapple.", "how_played": "Two wrestlers in boots and short jackets grapple.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bokh_wrestling_at_the_Terelj_National_Park_(3961462793).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00374-bokh.jpg", "author": "Kyle Taylor", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bokh_wrestling_at_the_Terelj_National_Park_(3961462793).jpg" } }, { "id": 375, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/375-lapta/", "name": "Lapta", "native": "Лапта", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "A thrower serves the ball, the batter hits it with a short flat bat and runs to the far line and back before fielders can hit them with the ball.", "how_played": "A thrower serves the ball, the batter hits it with a short flat bat and runs to the far line and back before fielders can hit them with the ball.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00375-lapta.jpg", "author": "М. Волков", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg" } }, { "id": 376, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/376-oina/", "name": "Oina", "native": "Oină", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Romania" ], "country_codes": [ "RO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Bat-and-ball games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Two teams alternate batting and fielding on a long pitch; the batter hits a small ball thrown by a teammate and runs to the far line and back while fielders try to hit the runner.", "how_played": "Two teams alternate batting and fielding on a long pitch; the batter hits a small ball thrown by a teammate and runs to the far line and back while fielders try to hit the runner.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Romania.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oina_Field_Animation.gif" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00376-oina.jpg", "author": "Ayceman", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oina_Field_Animation.gif" } }, { "id": 377, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/377-cymbergaj/", "name": "Cymbergaj", "native": "Cymbergaj", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Poland" ], "country_codes": [ "PL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Two players slide a puck with hand pushers on a table (air-cushioned in modern form) and try to land it in the opponent's goal; the original used coins flicked with a comb or ruler.", "how_played": "Two players slide a puck with hand pushers on a table (air-cushioned in modern form) and try to land it in the opponent's goal; the original used coins flicked with a comb or ruler.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Poland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Air_hockey_table.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00377-cymbergaj.jpg", "author": "Severestorm28", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Air_hockey_table.jpg" } }, { "id": 378, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/378-nohejbal/", "name": "Nohejbal", "native": "Nohejbal", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Czechia" ], "country_codes": [ "CZ" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Team ball sports", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Teams of 2-3 return a football over a tennis-style net using only feet, head and body, with up to three touches.", "how_played": "Teams of 2-3 return a football over a tennis-style net using only feet, head and body, with up to three touches.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Czechia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nohejbal.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00378-nohejbal.jpg", "author": "Misak113", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nohejbal.jpg" } }, { "id": 379, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/379-khomus/", "name": "Khomus", "native": "Хомус", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "The player holds the metal harp against the teeth and plucks the tongue while shaping the mouth to bring out overtones, imitating horses, wind and birds.", "how_played": "The player holds the metal harp against the teeth and plucks the tongue while shaping the mouth to bring out overtones, imitating horses, wind and birds.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kamuz.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00379-khomus.jpg", "author": "Tosha", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kamuz.jpg" } }, { "id": 380, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/380-mas-wrestling/", "name": "Mas-wrestling", "native": "Мас-тартыы", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Two seated opponents brace their feet on a board and pull one stick, trying to lift the other off the ground or wrench the stick away, best of three.", "how_played": "Two seated opponents brace their feet on a board and pull one stick, trying to lift the other off the ground or wrench the stick away, best of three.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81-%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_-_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00380-mas-wrestling.jpg", "author": "Нэксэгэй", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81-%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_-_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA.JPG" } }, { "id": 381, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/381-petrykivka-painting/", "name": "Petrykivka painting", "native": "Петриківський розпис", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ukraine" ], "country_codes": [ "UA" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Using a finger or a fine cat-hair brush, the painter builds fantasy flowers and birds from single strokes in bright colours on a dark or light ground.", "how_played": "Using a finger or a fine cat-hair brush, the painter builds fantasy flowers and birds from single strokes in bright colours on a dark or light ground.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ukraine. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petrykivka_painting_workshop_at_the_BWF_2019.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00381-petrykivka-painting.jpg", "author": "Mykola Swarnyk", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petrykivka_painting_workshop_at_the_BWF_2019.jpg" } }, { "id": 383, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/383-kalocsa-floral-painting/", "name": "Kalocsa floral painting", "native": "Kalocsai virágminta", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Hungary" ], "country_codes": [ "HU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "The player builds flowers from stem and petal motifs in the Kalocsa style and decorates a cloth, wall or paprika-jar pattern within a symmetrical template.", "how_played": "The player builds flowers from stem and petal motifs in the Kalocsa style and decorates a cloth, wall or paprika-jar pattern within a symmetrical template.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Hungary.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Folk_Art_House,_wall_painting,_20230430.Kalocsa.-027.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00383-kalocsa-floral-painting.jpg", "author": "Bybbisch94, Christian Gebhardt", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Folk_Art_House,_wall_painting,_20230430.Kalocsa.-027.jpg" } }, { "id": 384, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/384-horezu-ceramics/", "name": "Horezu ceramics", "native": "Ceramica de Horezu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Romania" ], "country_codes": [ "RO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "The potter paints slip designs with a horn to trace roosters, spirals and trees, then glazes the plate.", "how_played": "The potter paints slip designs with a horn to trace roosters, spirals and trees, then glazes the plate.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Romania. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Horezu14.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00384-horezu-ceramics.jpg", "author": "Stoschmidt", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Horezu14.jpg" } }, { "id": 385, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/385-bulgarian-asymmetric-rhythm/", "name": "Bulgarian asymmetric rhythm", "native": "Ръченица", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bulgaria" ], "country_codes": [ "BG" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Bulgarian asymmetric rhythm is a dance tradition from Bulgaria.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bulgaria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ivan_Mrkvi%C4%8Dka_-_Rachenitsa.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00385-bulgarian-asymmetric-rhythm.jpg", "author": "Ivan Mrkvička", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ivan_Mrkvi%C4%8Dka_-_Rachenitsa.jpg" } }, { "id": 386, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/386-haapsalu-lace-shawl-knitting/", "name": "Haapsalu lace shawl knitting", "native": "Haapsalu sall", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Estonia" ], "country_codes": [ "EE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Players follow a lace chart knitting nupp and leaf motifs so the shawl grows row by row, with a charm to pull it through a ring.", "how_played": "Players follow a lace chart knitting nupp and leaf motifs so the shawl grows row by row, with a charm to pull it through a ring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Estonia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Haapsalu_sall,_218750_ERM_A1050_14.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00386-haapsalu-lace-shawl-knitting.jpg", "author": "Eesti Rahva Muuseum", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Haapsalu_sall,_218750_ERM_A1050_14.jpg" } }, { "id": 387, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/387-belarusian-straw-weaving/", "name": "Belarusian straw weaving", "native": "Салома", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Belarus" ], "country_codes": [ "BY" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Straw is folded and tied in geometric shapes into spiders, birds and stars hung as light mobiles.", "how_played": "Straw is folded and tied in geometric shapes into spiders, birds and stars hung as light mobiles.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belarus.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belarusian_Straw_Bird.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00387-belarusian-straw-weaving.jpg", "author": "Viktar Pałściuk", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belarusian_Straw_Bird.jpg" } }, { "id": 388, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/388-skrabalai/", "name": "Skrabalai", "native": "Skrabalai", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lithuania" ], "country_codes": [ "LT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "A set of tuned wooden boxes with clappers is shaken or struck in a pattern, rolled into a ring of drums.", "how_played": "A set of tuned wooden boxes with clappers is shaken or struck in a pattern, rolled into a ring of drums.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lithuania.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skrabalai,_tautiniai_b%C5%ABgnai.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00388-skrabalai.jpg", "author": "Imodab", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skrabalai,_tautiniai_b%C5%ABgnai.jpg" } }, { "id": 390, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/390-txalaparta-duet/", "name": "Txalaparta Duet", "native": "Txalaparta", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "ES" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Two players strike long wooden planks with batons in an alternating call-and-answer pattern, each filling the gap the partner leaves.", "how_played": "Two players strike long wooden planks with batons in an alternating call-and-answer pattern, each filling the gap the partner leaves.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Spain.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_txalaparta_players_at_a_performance_in_a_fiesta.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00390-txalaparta-duet.jpg", "author": "Iñaki LL", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_txalaparta_players_at_a_performance_in_a_fiesta.jpg" } }, { "id": 391, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/391-shepherds-leap/", "name": "Shepherd's Leap", "native": "Salto del pastor", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "Plant a long iron-tipped pole and swing or vault across ravines, up walls and down rock faces, scored for distance, precision of landing and clean descent.", "how_played": "Plant a long iron-tipped pole and swing or vault across ravines, up walls and down rock faces, scored for distance, precision of landing and clean descent.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salto_del_Pastor_04.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00391-shepherds-leap.jpg", "author": "arinaga", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salto_del_Pastor_04.jpg" } }, { "id": 392, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/392-kottabos-symposium-toss/", "name": "Kottabos Symposium Toss", "native": "Kottabos (κότταβος)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Greece" ], "country_codes": [ "GR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Reclining with a cup hooked on one finger, flick the last drops with a wrist snap to knock a balanced disc off a bronze stand or sink floating bowls.", "how_played": "Reclining with a cup hooked on one finger, flick the last drops with a wrist snap to knock a balanced disc off a bronze stand or sink floating bowls.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Greece.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Attic_Red-Figure_Plate.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00392-kottabos-symposium-toss.jpg", "author": "Bryn Mawr Painter, photo via Wikimedia Commons", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Attic_Red-Figure_Plate.jpg" } }, { "id": 393, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/393-water-jousting/", "name": "Water Jousting", "native": "Joutes nautiques (Sète tradition)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "France" ], "country_codes": [ "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Two boats row at each other; each jouster on a high stern platform tries to knock the opponent into the canal with a blunt lance while shielding.", "how_played": "Two boats row at each other; each jouster on a high stern platform tries to knock the opponent into the canal with a blunt lance while shielding.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of France.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A8te_water_jousting_joute_nautique_(52222049980).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00393-water-jousting.jpg", "author": "Jorge Franganillo", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A8te_water_jousting_joute_nautique_(52222049980).jpg" } }, { "id": 395, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/395-flag-tossing/", "name": "Flag Tossing", "native": "Sbandieratori (bandierai)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Flag Tossing is a dexterity and skill game tradition from Italy.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Bandierai_degli_Uffizi_reharsing_(8956030401).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00395-flag-tossing.jpg", "author": "European University Institute", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Bandierai_degli_Uffizi_reharsing_(8956030401).jpg" } }, { "id": 396, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/396-euclids-ruler-and-compass/", "name": "Euclid's Ruler and Compass", "native": "Στοιχεῖα (Elements)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Greece" ], "country_codes": [ "GR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Using only a straightedge and compass, build a given figure (equilateral triangle, bisected angle, hexagon) in as few moves as possible.", "how_played": "Using only a straightedge and compass, build a given figure (equilateral triangle, bisected angle, hexagon) in as few moves as possible.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Greece.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elements_of_Euclid_page_011_figure_01.svg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00396-euclids-ruler-and-compass.jpg", "author": "Wikimedia Commons contributor (based on Byrne/Euclid edition)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elements_of_Euclid_page_011_figure_01.svg" } }, { "id": 397, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/397-antikythera-gear-train/", "name": "Antikythera Gear Train", "native": "Μηχανισμός των Αντικυθήρων", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Greece" ], "country_codes": [ "GR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Arrange cogs of different tooth counts on pins so that turning the crank moves dials to the right sun, moon and calendar positions.", "how_played": "Arrange cogs of different tooth counts on pins so that turning the crank moves dials to the right sun, moon and calendar positions.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Greece.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antikythera_mechanism_clockface,_1st-2nd_century_BC,_Greece_(model).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00397-antikythera-gear-train.jpg", "author": "Gts-tg", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antikythera_mechanism_clockface,_1st-2nd_century_BC,_Greece_(model).jpg" } }, { "id": 399, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/399-sicilian-cart-painting/", "name": "Sicilian Cart Painting", "native": "Carretto siciliano", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Compose the panels, spokes and shafts of a horse cart with geometric and chivalric-tale patterns using the traditional red, yellow and blue palette.", "how_played": "Compose the panels, spokes and shafts of a horse cart with geometric and chivalric-tale patterns using the traditional red, yellow and blue palette.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CARRETTO_SICILIANO_(in_siciliano_carrettu).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00399-sicilian-cart-painting.jpg", "author": "Giacomo Palermo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CARRETTO_SICILIANO_(in_siciliano_carrettu).jpg" } }, { "id": 400, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/400-launeddas-triple-pipe/", "name": "Launeddas Triple Pipe", "native": "Launeddas", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Hold a continuous drone while switching fingered melody notes; the circular-breathing meter must never run out as the tune ornaments loop.", "how_played": "Hold a continuous drone while switching fingered melody notes; the circular-breathing meter must never run out as the tune ornaments loop.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Launeddas_Player.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00400-launeddas-triple-pipe.jpg", "author": "Maurizio Pia", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Launeddas_Player.jpg" } }, { "id": 401, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/401-gondola-rowing/", "name": "Gondola Rowing", "native": "Voga alla veneta", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Stand and row with a single oar on a carved forcola, steering through narrow canals and tight corners without bumping the walls.", "how_played": "Stand and row with a single oar on a carved forcola, steering through narrow canals and tight corners without bumping the walls.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Forcola_di_gondola_veneziana.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00401-gondola-rowing.jpg", "author": "Sbisolo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Forcola_di_gondola_veneziana.jpg" } }, { "id": 402, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/402-perfumers-organ/", "name": "Perfumer's Organ", "native": "Orgue à parfums (Grasse)", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Mix top, heart and base notes from a curved shelf of scent bottles to match a target fragrance profile within a budget of drops.", "how_played": "Mix top, heart and base notes from a curved shelf of scent bottles to match a target fragrance profile within a budget of drops.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Perfume_Organ,_Grasse.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00402-perfumers-organ.jpg", "author": "Taco Ekkel", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Perfume_Organ,_Grasse.jpg" } }, { "id": 403, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/403-whistled-language-relay/", "name": "Whistled Language Relay", "native": "Silbo gomero", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "Listen to whistled pitch-glide patterns that stand for Spanish-sounding syllables and relay each message across the valley by repeating it exactly.", "how_played": "Listen to whistled pitch-glide patterns that stand for Spanish-sounding syllables and relay each message across the valley by repeating it exactly.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_Silbo.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00403-whistled-language-relay.jpg", "author": "Akalvin", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_Silbo.jpg" } }, { "id": 404, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/404-dry-stone-wall-builder/", "name": "Dry Stone Wall Builder", "native": "Suhozid / pared de piedra seca / muri a secco", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Croatia", "Spain", "Italy", "Greece", "Malta" ], "country_codes": [ "HR", "ES", "IT", "GR", "MT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Pick irregular stones from a pile and fit them into a wall with no mortar, keeping courses staggered and stable under a gravity simulation.", "how_played": "Pick irregular stones from a pile and fit them into a wall with no mortar, keeping courses staggered and stable under a gravity simulation.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Croatia, Spain, Italy.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dry_stone_wall_-_Bencic,_Kraj,_Pasman_-_panoramio.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00404-dry-stone-wall-builder.jpg", "author": "antonioskara", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dry_stone_wall_-_Bencic,_Kraj,_Pasman_-_panoramio.jpg" } }, { "id": 405, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/405-bat-and-trap/", "name": "Bat and Trap", "native": "Bat and Trap", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Flick a hinged wooden trap with the bat to launch a ball up and out over the field, then bat it as far as possible while the fielders try to catch it and score points against you.", "how_played": "Flick a hinged wooden trap with the bat to launch a ball up and out over the field, then bat it as far as possible while the fielders try to catch it and score points against you.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Playing_Bat_and_Trap,_The_Whte_Rock,_Underriver_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1372731.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00405-bat-and-trap.jpg", "author": "Nigel Chadwick", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Playing_Bat_and_Trap,_The_Whte_Rock,_Underriver_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1372731.jpg" } }, { "id": 406, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/406-partner-carry-obstacle-race/", "name": "Partner-Carry Obstacle Race", "native": "Eukonkanto", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Finland" ], "country_codes": [ "FI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Run a 253 m obstacle track with a partner on your back over hurdles and a water pit.", "how_played": "Run a 253 m obstacle track with a partner on your back over hurdles and a water pit.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Finland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malmstrom_wife_carry.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00406-partner-carry-obstacle-race.jpg", "author": "U.S. Air Force photo by Cortney Paxton", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malmstrom_wife_carry.JPG" } }, { "id": 407, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/407-kicksled-race/", "name": "Kicksled Race", "native": "Spark / Potkukelkka", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Finland", "Sweden", "Norway" ], "country_codes": [ "FI", "SE", "NO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Stand on the runners of a chair-fronted kicksled and kick off the snow; time kicks, steer and coast through a snowy town course or frozen lake race.", "how_played": "Stand on the runners of a chair-fronted kicksled and kick off the snow; time kicks, steer and coast through a snowy town course or frozen lake race.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Finland, Sweden, Norway.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kicksled_at_the_Yelagin_Park.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00407-kicksled-race.jpg", "author": "Горбунова М.С.", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kicksled_at_the_Yelagin_Park.jpg" } }, { "id": 408, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/408-nyckelharpa/", "name": "Nyckelharpa", "native": "Nyckelharpa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sweden" ], "country_codes": [ "SE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Play melodies by pressing wooden keys under the strings while bowing a drone; follow falling notes of folk tunes.", "how_played": "Play melodies by pressing wooden keys under the strings while bowing a drone; follow falling notes of folk tunes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sweden.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2022-07-28_Nyckelharpa-Spielerin_in_der_Schillerstra%C3%9Fe_Ecke_Rosenstra%C3%9Fe_in_Hannover.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00408-nyckelharpa.jpg", "author": "Bernd Schwabe in Hannover", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2022-07-28_Nyckelharpa-Spielerin_in_der_Schillerstra%C3%9Fe_Ecke_Rosenstra%C3%9Fe_in_Hannover.jpg" } }, { "id": 409, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/409-black-forest-cuckoo-clock-workshop/", "name": "Black Forest Cuckoo Clock Workshop", "native": "Kuckucksuhr", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Germany" ], "country_codes": [ "DE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Assemble the gears, weights, bellows and carved case of a cuckoo clock in the correct order, then tune the pendulum and watch the cuckoo call on the hour.", "how_played": "Assemble the gears, weights, bellows and carved case of a cuckoo clock in the correct order, then tune the pendulum and watch the cuckoo call on the hour.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kuckucksuhr.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00409-black-forest-cuckoo-clock-workshop.jpg", "author": "-- da didi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kuckucksuhr.JPG" } }, { "id": 410, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/410-schuhplattler/", "name": "Schuhplattler", "native": "Schuhplattler", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Germany", "Austria" ], "country_codes": [ "DE", "AT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Schuhplattler is a dance tradition from Germany, Austria.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany, Austria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schuhplattler_270217.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00410-schuhplattler.jpg", "author": "Harald Bischoff", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schuhplattler_270217.jpg" } }, { "id": 411, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/411-racing-pigeon-loft/", "name": "Racing Pigeon Loft", "native": "Brieftaubensport / Colombophilie", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Belgium", "Netherlands", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "BE", "NL", "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Breed and train a loft of homing pigeons, choose which birds to enter, and judge weather and wind to win distance races.", "how_played": "Breed and train a loft of homing pigeons, choose which birds to enter, and judge weather and wind to win distance races.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belgium, Netherlands, United Kingdom. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-W0212-034,_Sporttaubenz%C3%BCchter.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00411-racing-pigeon-loft.jpg", "author": "Reinhard Kaufhold", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0 de", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-W0212-034,_Sporttaubenz%C3%BCchter.jpg" } }, { "id": 412, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/412-polder-windmill-keeper/", "name": "Polder Windmill Keeper", "native": "Molen / Poldermolen", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Turn the cap into the wind, set the sail cloths and brake to pump water out of the polder before it floods.", "how_played": "Turn the cap into the wind, set the sail cloths and brake to pump water out of the polder before it floods.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Netherlands-4760_-_Ground_Sail_Windmill_(12321407854).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00412-polder-windmill-keeper.jpg", "author": "Dennis G. Jarvis", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Netherlands-4760_-_Ground_Sail_Windmill_(12321407854).jpg" } }, { "id": 413, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/413-nordic-colourwork-knitting/", "name": "Nordic Colourwork Knitting", "native": "Fair Isle / Selbu / Lopapeysa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Norway", "Iceland" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "NO", "IS" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Pick two or three yarn colours and fill a chart row by row to knit star, snowflake and band motifs that match a target jumper.", "how_played": "Pick two or three yarn colours and fill a chart row by row to knit star, snowflake and band motifs that match a target jumper.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Norway, Iceland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oceans_and_trees_Fair_Isle_pullover.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00413-nordic-colourwork-knitting.jpg", "author": "Lisa Dusseault from USA", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oceans_and_trees_Fair_Isle_pullover.jpg" } }, { "id": 414, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/414-welsh-love-spoon-carving/", "name": "Welsh Love Spoon Carving", "native": "Llwy garu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Carve a spoon from a block, choosing hearts, keys, wheels and chain links for the handle by cutting along guides.", "how_played": "Carve a spoon from a block, choosing hearts, keys, wheels and chain links for the handle by cutting along guides.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Welsh_love_spoon.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00414-welsh-love-spoon-carving.jpg", "author": "Kmtextor", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Welsh_love_spoon.jpg" } }, { "id": 415, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/415-dala-horse-painting/", "name": "Dala Horse Painting", "native": "Dalahast", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sweden" ], "country_codes": [ "SE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Choose a horse shape and paint the traditional saddle flowers and stripes by following brush strokes in order.", "how_played": "Choose a horse shape and paint the traditional saddle flowers and stripes by following brush strokes in order.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sweden. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dalecarlian_horse.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00415-dala-horse-painting.jpg", "author": "User:Mysid", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dalecarlian_horse.jpg" } }, { "id": 418, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/418-carillon/", "name": "Carillon", "native": "Beiaard / Carillon", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Belgium", "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "BE", "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Strike the wooden baton keyboard with fists and foot pedals to ring bronze bells in a tower and play melodies.", "how_played": "Strike the wooden baton keyboard with fists and foot pedals to ring bronze bells in a tower and play melodies.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belgium, Netherlands. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mechelen_Sint-Romboutskathedraal_Carillon_2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00418-carillon.jpg", "author": "Ymblanter", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mechelen_Sint-Romboutskathedraal_Carillon_2.jpg" } }, { "id": 419, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/419-ribbon-pole-weave/", "name": "Ribbon Pole Weave", "native": "Maypole dance / Lintdans", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "ES" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dances", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Dancers circle a pole in alternating directions; choose the over-under steps to plait a perfect ribbon pattern down the pole.", "how_played": "Dancers circle a pole in alternating directions; choose the over-under steps to plait a perfect ribbon pattern down the pole.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Spain.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maypole_ribbons_-_geograph.org.uk_-_420383.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00419-ribbon-pole-weave.jpg", "author": "David Luther Thomas", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maypole_ribbons_-_geograph.org.uk_-_420383.jpg" } }, { "id": 421, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/421-peteca/", "name": "Peteca", "native": "Peteca", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Brazil" ], "country_codes": [ "BR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Players slap a feathered, weighted shuttle with the palm over a high net, rallying like volleyball with at most a few touches per side.", "how_played": "Players slap a feathered, weighted shuttle with the palm over a high net, rallying like volleyball with at most a few touches per side.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Brazil.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peteca_(5812874643).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00421-peteca.jpg", "author": "Bonner Springs Library", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peteca_(5812874643).jpg" } }, { "id": 422, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/422-generala/", "name": "Generala", "native": "Generala", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Argentina", "Uruguay", "Paraguay" ], "country_codes": [ "AR", "UY", "PY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Roll five dice in a cup up to three times, keeping some, and fill a score sheet of straights, full houses, fours and the big 'generala' (five of a kind).", "how_played": "Roll five dice in a cup up to three times, keeping some, and fill a score sheet of straights, full houses, fours and the big 'generala' (five of a kind).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dice_(5330056727).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00422-generala.jpg", "author": "Daniel Dionne", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dice_(5330056727).jpg" } }, { "id": 425, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/425-bomba/", "name": "Bomba", "native": "Bomba puertorriqueña", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dances", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "A dancer 'challenges' the lead drummer with a step and the drummer answers.", "how_played": "A dancer 'challenges' the lead drummer with a step and the drummer answers.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puerto_Rican_Bomba._(Refuge_Week_Activity_2012)_(8213578853).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00425-bomba.jpg", "author": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puerto_Rican_Bomba._(Refuge_Week_Activity_2012)_(8213578853).jpg" } }, { "id": 426, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/426-bandoneon-and-tango-rhythm/", "name": "Bandoneon and tango rhythm", "native": "Bandoneon", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Argentina", "Uruguay" ], "country_codes": [ "AR", "UY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Squeeze the bellows and press button keys to play tango phrases, timing push and pull notes while the milonga beat runs.", "how_played": "Squeeze the bellows and press button keys to play tango phrases, timing push and pull notes while the milonga beat runs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Argentina, Uruguay.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buenos_Aires_-_Bandoneon_tango_player_-_7435.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00426-bandoneon-and-tango-rhythm.jpg", "author": "Jorge Royan", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buenos_Aires_-_Bandoneon_tango_player_-_7435.jpg" } }, { "id": 427, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/427-costa-rican-painted-oxcart/", "name": "Costa Rican painted oxcart", "native": "Carreta tipica (Sarchi)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Costa Rica" ], "country_codes": [ "CR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Paint the wheel's radial sunburst, the side panels and the yoke with the traditional geometric and flower patterns, matching colour and symmetry rules.", "how_played": "Paint the wheel's radial sunburst, the side panels and the yoke with the traditional geometric and flower patterns, matching colour and symmetry rules.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Costa Rica.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carreta_tipica_Sarchi_(1).JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00427-costa-rican-painted-oxcart.jpg", "author": "Axxis10", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carreta_tipica_Sarchi_(1).JPG" } }, { "id": 428, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/428-nanduti/", "name": "Nanduti", "native": "Nanduti", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Paraguay" ], "country_codes": [ "PY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Stitch radial threads on a frame and fill sunburst and flower motifs with coloured thread following a pattern, like a simple weaving puzzle.", "how_played": "Stitch radial threads on a frame and fill sunburst and flower motifs with coloured thread following a pattern, like a simple weaving puzzle.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Paraguay.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nanduti_lace.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00428-nanduti.jpg", "author": "Trey Jones", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nanduti_lace.jpg" } }, { "id": 429, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/429-talavera-tile-painting/", "name": "Talavera tile painting", "native": "Talavera poblana", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mexico" ], "country_codes": [ "MX" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Paint a blue-and-white tile or plate pattern in the traditional Talavera style by filling outlines and repeating motifs, then fire and view the finished piece.", "how_played": "Paint a blue-and-white tile or plate pattern in the traditional Talavera style by filling outlines and repeating motifs, then fire and view the finished piece.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mexico.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Talavera_poblana.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00429-talavera-tile-painting.jpg", "author": "Rick-Al-Fo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Talavera_poblana.jpg" } }, { "id": 430, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/430-cueca/", "name": "Cueca", "native": "Cueca", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Chile", "Bolivia", "Argentina" ], "country_codes": [ "CL", "BO", "AR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "A pair of dancers circles and flutters handkerchiefs in a ritualised flirt.", "how_played": "A pair of dancers circles and flutters handkerchiefs in a ritualised flirt.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Chile, Bolivia, Argentina.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cueca_en_la_calle_Santiago_2015_dic_f01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00430-cueca.jpg", "author": "Rodrigo Fernández", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cueca_en_la_calle_Santiago_2015_dic_f01.jpg" } }, { "id": 431, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/431-vallenato-accordion-trio/", "name": "Vallenato accordion trio", "native": "Vallenato", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Colombia" ], "country_codes": [ "CO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Vallenato accordion trio is a musical instrument tradition from Colombia.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Colombia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acorde%C3%B3n_vallenato.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00431-vallenato-accordion-trio.jpg", "author": "Jdvillalobos", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acorde%C3%B3n_vallenato.jpg" } }, { "id": 432, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/432-mento-band/", "name": "Mento band", "native": "Mento", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Jamaica" ], "country_codes": [ "JM" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Join a mento string band: pluck the rumba box bass, strum the banjo, shake maracas and keep the offbeat swing while folk verses play.", "how_played": "Join a mento string band: pluck the rumba box bass, strum the banjo, shake maracas and keep the offbeat swing while folk verses play.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Jamaica.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_%27Powda%27_Bennett,_The_Jolly_Boys_(4854002891).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00432-mento-band.jpg", "author": "Bryan Ledgard", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_%27Powda%27_Bennett,_The_Jolly_Boys_(4854002891).jpg" } }, { "id": 433, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/433-tres-cubano/", "name": "Tres cubano", "native": "Tres cubano", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cuba" ], "country_codes": [ "CU" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Strum the three double strings of the tres in the montuno pattern with the clave and bongo beat to build a Cuban son ensemble.", "how_played": "Strum the three double strings of the tres in the montuno pattern with the clave and bongo beat to build a Cuban son ensemble.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cuba.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tres_cubano.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00433-tres-cubano.jpg", "author": "dblackadder", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tres_cubano.jpg" } }, { "id": 435, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/435-mountain-dulcimer/", "name": "Mountain dulcimer", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Play a fretted lap zither: drone strings plus a melody string, fretted with a noter, strummed to fiddle tunes.", "how_played": "Play a fretted lap zither: drone strings plus a melody string, fretted with a noter, strummed to fiddle tunes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mountain_dulcimer_jam_in_Claremont%2C_California.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00435-mountain-dulcimer.jpg", "author": "Sdkb", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mountain_dulcimer_jam_in_Claremont%2C_California.jpg" } }, { "id": 437, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/437-rubboard-zydeco-rhythm/", "name": "Rubboard zydeco rhythm", "native": "frottoir", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Scrape a metal vest rubboard with bottle openers or spoons to the beat of accordion tunes, copying and varying rhythm patterns.", "how_played": "Scrape a metal vest rubboard with bottle openers or spoons to the beat of accordion tunes, copying and varying rhythm patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zydeco_jazz_washboard.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00437-rubboard-zydeco-rhythm.jpg", "author": "georgie_grd", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zydeco_jazz_washboard.jpg" } }, { "id": 439, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/439-barrel-racing/", "name": "Barrel racing", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States", "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Steer a horse around three barrels in a cloverleaf pattern against the clock; knocking a barrel costs time.", "how_played": "Steer a horse around three barrels in a cloverleaf pattern against the clock; knocking a barrel costs time.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Canada. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barrel_racing_at_the_Methow_Valley_Rodeo.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00439-barrel-racing.jpg", "author": "Guywelch2000", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barrel_racing_at_the_Methow_Valley_Rodeo.jpg" } }, { "id": 440, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/440-tractor-pull/", "name": "Tractor pull", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States", "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Hitch a tractor to a weighted sled that grows heavier as it moves, and pull it the farthest down the track.", "how_played": "Hitch a tractor to a weighted sled that grows heavier as it moves, and pull it the farthest down the track.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Canada.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Deere_70_tractor_pulling_MD1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00440-tractor-pull.jpg", "author": "Acroterion", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Deere_70_tractor_pulling_MD1.jpg" } }, { "id": 441, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/441-maple-taffy-on-snow/", "name": "Maple taffy on snow", "native": "tire d'erable", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Pour hot maple syrup in lines on packed snow, then roll it up on a stick once it sets.", "how_played": "Pour hot maple syrup in lines on packed snow, then roll it up on a stick once it sets.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Canada.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tirederable-MapleTaffy1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00441-maple-taffy-on-snow.jpg", "author": "John Barnett", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tirederable-MapleTaffy1.jpg" } }, { "id": 442, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/442-axe-throwing/", "name": "Axe throwing", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Canada", "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "CA", "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Throw a hatchet so it sticks in a concentric-ring wooden target, scoring by ring.", "how_played": "Throw a hatchet so it sticks in a concentric-ring wooden target, scoring by ring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Canada, United States. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andy_Colle_axe_throwing_2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00442-axe-throwing.jpg", "author": "Wknight94", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andy_Colle_axe_throwing_2.jpg" } }, { "id": 444, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/444-candlepin-bowling/", "name": "Candlepin bowling", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "CA" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Roll a small hand-sized ball at ten slim pins with three rolls per frame; fallen pins stay on the lane as obstacles.", "how_played": "Roll a small hand-sized ball at ten slim pins with three rolls per frame; fallen pins stay on the lane as obstacles.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Canada.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Candlepin-bowling-usa-lanes-rs.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00444-candlepin-bowling.jpg", "author": "Rene Schwietzke", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Candlepin-bowling-usa-lanes-rs.jpg" } }, { "id": 445, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/445-billycart-derby/", "name": "Billycart derby", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Australia" ], "country_codes": [ "AU" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Build a gravity-powered cart, choose wheels and steering, then race it down a hill against others.", "how_played": "Build a gravity-powered cart, choose wheels and steering, then race it down a hill against others.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Australia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bangalow_Billycart_Derby_04.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00445-billycart-derby.jpg", "author": "Aliceinthealice", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bangalow_Billycart_Derby_04.jpg" } }, { "id": 446, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/446-beach-flags/", "name": "Beach flags", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Australia" ], "country_codes": [ "AU" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Racers lie face-down on sand, spin on the whistle, sprint and grab one of fewer flags than racers.", "how_played": "Racers lie face-down on sand, spin on the whistle, sprint and grab one of fewer flags than racers.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Australia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beach_flag.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00446-beach-flags.jpg", "author": "MisterGael", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beach_flag.jpg" } }, { "id": 447, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/447-netball/", "name": "Netball", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Australia", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "AU", "GB" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Team ball sports", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Seven-a-side ball game: pass without dribbling or moving with the ball, and shoot into a ring from the goal circle.", "how_played": "Seven-a-side ball game: pass without dribbling or moving with the ball, and shoot into a ring from the goal circle.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Australia, United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Netball_match.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00447-netball.jpg", "author": "Samson Ssemakadde", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Netball_match.jpg" } }, { "id": 448, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/448-gumboot-throwing/", "name": "Gumboot throwing", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "New Zealand", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "NZ", "GB" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Throw a rubber boot as far as possible from a mat within a lane, using a swinging release.", "how_played": "Throw a rubber boot as far as possible from a mat within a lane, using a swinging release.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of New Zealand, United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wellie_Wanging._One_handed_forward_throw_method.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00448-gumboot-throwing.jpg", "author": "Russ Hamer", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wellie_Wanging._One_handed_forward_throw_method.JPG" } }, { "id": 449, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/449-lei-making/", "name": "Lei making", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "String or braid flowers and leaves in a repeating colour pattern into a garland.", "how_played": "String or braid flowers and leaves in a repeating colour pattern into a garland.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Family_Learns_Lei_Making_%28935d0b85-cdcc-4ee7-a35d-465b8c8a2b29%29.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00449-lei-making.jpg", "author": "NPS Photo", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Family_Learns_Lei_Making_%28935d0b85-cdcc-4ee7-a35d-465b8c8a2b29%29.jpg" } }, { "id": 450, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/450-game-of-the-goose/", "name": "Game of the Goose", "native": "Gioco dell'Oca / Juego de la Oca / Jeu de l'Oie", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy", "Spain", "France" ], "country_codes": [ "IT", "ES", "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Roll two dice and race along a 63-space spiral; geese squares double your roll, while the bridge, inn, well, maze and death square jump, hold or reset you.", "how_played": "Roll two dice and race along a 63-space spiral; geese squares double your roll, while the bridge, inn, well, maze and death square jump, hold or reset you.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy, Spain, France.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Game_of_the_Goose_MET_DP867954.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00450-game-of-the-goose.jpg", "author": "Antonio Vanegas Arroyo / José Guadalupe Posada (Met Museum)", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Game_of_the_Goose_MET_DP867954.jpg" } }, { "id": 451, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/451-sahkku/", "name": "Sáhkku", "native": "Sáhkku (Sámi)", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "Roll four-sided Sámi dice to wake sleeping reindeer-herders, march them around a long track and capture rivals by landing on them; a neutral king joins whichever side captures him.", "how_played": "Roll four-sided Sámi dice to wake sleeping reindeer-herders, march them around a long track and capture rivals by landing on them; a neutral king joins whichever side captures him.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A1hkku_board.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00451-sahkku.jpg", "author": "Bjarne Bjørnevik (WMNO)", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A1hkku_board.jpg" } }, { "id": 452, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/452-dara/", "name": "Dara", "native": "Dara / Dili / Doki", "alt": [ "Dili (Dara)", "Doki" ], "countries": [ "Nigeria", "Niger" ], "country_codes": [ "NG", "NE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Each player drops 12 stones onto a 5x6 grid, then slides them; making exactly three in a row captures an enemy stone, and the first to take enough pieces wins.", "how_played": "Each player drops 12 stones onto a 5x6 grid, then slides them; making exactly three in a row captures an enemy stone, and the first to take enough pieces wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria, Niger.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dili2.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dara_(game)", "https://newventuregames.com/products/dara" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00452-dara.jpg", "author": "Seberle", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dili2.jpg" } }, { "id": 454, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/454-patolli/", "name": "Patolli", "native": "Patolli", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mexico" ], "country_codes": [ "MX" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Throw five marked beans to move six pieces around an X-shaped track with trap squares; the aim is to bring all pieces round before your opponent.", "how_played": "Throw five marked beans to move six pieces around an X-shaped track with trap squares; the aim is to bring all pieces round before your opponent.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mexico. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patolli-board.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00454-patolli.jpg", "author": "Tony.freeman", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patolli-board.jpg" } }, { "id": 456, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/456-novuss/", "name": "Novuss", "native": "Novuss / Koroona", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Latvia", "Estonia" ], "country_codes": [ "LV", "EE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Stand at one edge of a small square table and use a cue to shoot the striker puck into 16 discs, pocketing your eight colour before your opponent.", "how_played": "Stand at one edge of a small square table and use a cue to shoot the striker puck into 16 discs, pocketing your eight colour before your opponent.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Latvia, Estonia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NOVUSS_PLAYERS_AND_EQUIPMENT.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00456-novuss.jpg", "author": "DVQuebec", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NOVUSS_PLAYERS_AND_EQUIPMENT.jpg" } }, { "id": 457, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/457-four-field-kono/", "name": "Four-Field Kono", "native": "Sa-p'an Kono / 사방고누", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Move pieces one step along a 4x4 point board and jump over an enemy to capture it; the fewer pieces you have left, the more the board opens.", "how_played": "Move pieces one step along a 4x4 point board and jump over an enemy to capture it; the fewer pieces you have left, the more the board opens.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fourfieldkono.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00457-four-field-kono.jpg", "author": "Eladynnus", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fourfieldkono.jpg" } }, { "id": 458, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/458-dalds/", "name": "Daldøs", "native": "Daldøs", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Denmark", "Norway" ], "country_codes": [ "DK", "NO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Move 16 spatula-shaped pieces along a boat-shaped, three-row board by throwing a four-sided stick die; pieces turn to show their state and land to capture.", "how_played": "Move 16 spatula-shaped pieces along a boat-shaped, three-row board by throwing a four-sided stick die; pieces turn to show their state and land to capture.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Denmark, Norway.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dald%C3%B8s.PNG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00458-dalds.jpg", "author": "Noe (Wikimedia Commons)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dald%C3%B8s.PNG" } }, { "id": 459, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/459-kharbaga/", "name": "Kharbaga", "native": "خربقة (Kharbaga)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Morocco" ], "country_codes": [ "MA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Each side has 20 pieces on a 5x5 grid and advances forward only; a piece reaching the far rank becomes a 'Mullah' who moves in any direction, and the aim is to capture every enemy piece.", "how_played": "Each side has 20 pieces on a 5x5 grid and advances forward only; a piece reaching the far rank becomes a 'Mullah' who moves in any direction, and the aim is to capture every enemy piece.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Morocco.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kharbaga_Game_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00459-kharbaga.jpg", "author": "Nagaboussi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kharbaga_Game_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 460, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/460-lau-kata-kati/", "name": "Lau Kata Kati", "native": "লাউ কাটা কাটি", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Nine pieces each on a board of two triangles meeting at a point; jump over enemy pieces to capture all of them or stalemate the opponent.", "how_played": "Nine pieces each on a board of two triangles meeting at a point; jump over enemy pieces to capture all of them or stalemate the opponent.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lau_kata_kati.svg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00460-lau-kata-kati.jpg", "author": "Life of Riley", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lau_kata_kati.svg" } }, { "id": 461, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/461-sholo-guti/", "name": "Sholo Guti", "native": "ষোল গুটি / Sixteen Soldiers", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Each side has 16 stones on a board of crossed lines with two triangles; jump to capture and win by removing all your opponent's soldiers.", "how_played": "Each side has 16 stones on a board of crossed lines with two triangles; jump to capture and win by removing all your opponent's soldiers.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%95.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00461-sholo-guti.jpg", "author": "Orko rudro", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%95.jpg" } }, { "id": 462, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/462-zamma/", "name": "Zamma", "native": "Zamma (Zemmat)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Morocco" ], "country_codes": [ "MA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Start with 12 pieces each on a 5x5 board, move and capture by jumping with kings added; also played on 7x7 and 9x9 boards.", "how_played": "Start with 12 pieces each on a 5x5 board, move and capture by jumping with kings added; also played on 7x7 and 9x9 boards.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Morocco.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zamma_55_%2Bpieces.svg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00462-zamma.jpg", "author": "Mliu92", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zamma_55_%2Bpieces.svg" } }, { "id": 463, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/463-dots-and-boxes/", "name": "Dots and Boxes", "native": "Pipopipette", "alt": [], "countries": [ "France" ], "country_codes": [ "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Players alternate drawing one line between two neighbouring dots; whoever closes the fourth side of a box claims it and moves again; most boxes wins.", "how_played": "Players alternate drawing one line between two neighbouring dots; whoever closes the fourth side of a box claims it and moves again; most boxes wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of France.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dots-and-boxes.svg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00463-dots-and-boxes.jpg", "author": "Tiger66", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dots-and-boxes.svg" } }, { "id": 464, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/464-paper-soccer/", "name": "Paper Soccer", "native": "Piłka nożna na kartce", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Poland", "Germany", "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "PL", "DE", "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "On a pitch grid a shared ball moves one step at a time along a line, bouncing again whenever it lands on an already-used point; reach the opponent's goal mouth.", "how_played": "On a pitch grid a shared ball moves one step at a time along a line, bouncing again whenever it lands on an already-used point; reach the opponent's goal mouth.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Poland, Germany, Russia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paper_Soccer.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00464-paper-soccer.jpg", "author": "Scubatoad", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paper_Soccer.png" } }, { "id": 465, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/465-paper-fortune-teller/", "name": "Paper Fortune Teller", "native": "Himmel und Holle (German name; use neutral title)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "United States", "Germany", "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "US", "DE", "JP" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Fold a square into a four-flap pincher, choose colours and numbers, and open flaps to reveal a hidden message.", "how_played": "Fold a square into a four-flap pincher, choose colours and numbers, and open flaps to reveal a hidden message.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, United States, Germany. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paper_fortune_teller.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00465-paper-fortune-teller.jpg", "author": "Richard923888", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paper_fortune_teller.jpg" } }, { "id": 466, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/466-paper-plane-flight-contest/", "name": "Paper Plane Flight Contest", "native": "Kamihikoki (Japan), Papierflieger", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Fold one of several classic paper-plane designs, tune wing bends, and throw for distance, hang-time or accuracy.", "how_played": "Fold one of several classic paper-plane designs, tune wing bends, and throw for distance, hang-time or accuracy.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papierflieger_--_2021_--_7215.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00466-paper-plane-flight-contest.jpg", "author": "Dietmar Rabich", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papierflieger_--_2021_--_7215.jpg" } }, { "id": 467, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/467-blind-mans-buff/", "name": "Blind Man's Buff", "native": "Gallina ciega, Blindekuh, Colin-Maillard, Kore-be", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkey", "India" ], "country_codes": [ "TR", "IN" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "A blindfolded seeker stumbles around, guided only by sounds and claps, to catch and identify the others.", "how_played": "A blindfolded seeker stumbles around, guided only by sounds and claps, to catch and identify the others.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey, India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_gallina_ciega_(Goya).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00467-blind-mans-buff.jpg", "author": "Francisco Goya", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_gallina_ciega_(Goya).jpg" } }, { "id": 468, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/468-bridge-stick-race/", "name": "Bridge Stick Race", "native": "Poohsticks", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Toys", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Each player drops a stick from the upstream side of a bridge; the first stick to emerge downstream wins.", "how_played": "Each player drops a stick from the upstream side of a bridge; the first stick to emerge downstream wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Extreme_Poohsticks_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6088296.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00468-bridge-stick-race.jpg", "author": "Stephen Craven", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Extreme_Poohsticks_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6088296.jpg" } }, { "id": 469, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/469-grandmothers-footsteps/", "name": "Grandmother's Footsteps", "native": "What's the Time Mr Wolf, Estatua, Mugunghwa, Un Deux Trois Soleil", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "France", "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "FR", "KR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "The watcher turns away while the others creep forward; when the watcher spins round anyone seen moving goes back.", "how_played": "The watcher turns away while the others creep forward; when the watcher spins round anyone seen moving goes back.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, France, South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemlock_Overlook_-_Red_light_Green_light_-_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00469-grandmothers-footsteps.jpg", "author": "Jarek Tuszynski", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemlock_Overlook_-_Red_light_Green_light_-_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 470, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/470-circle-dodgeball/", "name": "Circle Dodgeball", "native": "Queimada, Volkerball, Palla avvelenata, Dwa ognie", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Brazil", "Germany", "Italy", "Poland" ], "country_codes": [ "BR", "DE", "IT", "PL" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "One team throws a soft ball to hit opponents in the arena who dodge or catch to revive; last team standing wins.", "how_played": "One team throws a soft ball to hit opponents in the arena who dodge or catch to revive; last team standing wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Brazil, Germany, Italy.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Girls'_dodge_ball_game_on_school_playground._Girls_standing_in_circle_and_girl_in_middle_holding_ball_LCCN2003655391.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00470-circle-dodgeball.jpg", "author": "Library of Congress", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Girls'_dodge_ball_game_on_school_playground._Girls_standing_in_circle_and_girl_in_middle_holding_ball_LCCN2003655391.jpg" } }, { "id": 471, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/471-four-square/", "name": "Four Square", "native": "Four Square", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Four players in numbered squares bounce a ball into each other's squares with their hands; a fault sends you to the lowest square and the line moves up.", "how_played": "Four players in numbered squares bounce a ball into each other's squares with their hands; a fault sends you to the lowest square and the line moves up.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Four_square_court.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00471-four-square.jpg", "author": "Seaneffel", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Four_square_court.jpg" } }, { "id": 472, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/472-letter-categories/", "name": "Letter Categories", "native": "Stadt Land Fluss, Basta, Tutti Frutti, Petit Bac, Adedonha", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Germany", "India", "France", "Brazil" ], "country_codes": [ "DE", "IN", "FR", "BR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "A random letter is drawn and players race to fill category boxes (country, animal, name, etc.) with words starting with it; unique answers score most.", "how_played": "A random letter is drawn and players race to fill category boxes (country, animal, name, etc.) with words starting with it; unique answers score most.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany, India, France. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Example_Categories_game.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00472-letter-categories.jpg", "author": "Lord Belbury", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Example_Categories_game.png" } }, { "id": 473, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/473-sprouts/", "name": "Sprouts", "native": "Sprouts", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Players alternately join two spots with a curve and add a new spot on it; no spot may have more than three lines; last player able to move wins.", "how_played": "Players alternately join two spots with a curve and add a new spot on it; no spot may have more than three lines; last player able to move wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sprouts-2spot-game.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00473-sprouts.jpg", "author": "Wikimedia contributor", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sprouts-2spot-game.png" } }, { "id": 474, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/474-steal-the-flag/", "name": "Steal the Flag", "native": "Ruba bandiera, Barra bandeira, Capture the numbers", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy", "Brazil", "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "IT", "BR", "ES" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Two teams with numbered players face each other; a referee calls a number and those two sprint to snatch the flag in the middle and get back untagged.", "how_played": "Two teams with numbered players face each other; a referee calls a number and those two sprint to snatch the flag in the middle and get back untagged.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy, Brazil, Spain.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boys_Playing_Capture_the_Flag_(14980437786).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00474-steal-the-flag.jpg", "author": "Lydia Liu", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boys_Playing_Capture_the_Flag_(14980437786).jpg" } }, { "id": 475, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/475-hide-and-seek/", "name": "Hide and Seek", "native": "Nascondino, Petak umpet, Kakurenbo, Escondidas", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "One seeker counts while others hide; the seeker searches and the first found is next seeker.", "how_played": "One seeker counts while others hide; the seeker searches and the first found is next seeker.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot,_Hide_and_Seek,_c._1877,_NGA_56669.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00475-hide-and-seek.jpg", "author": "James Tissot", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot,_Hide_and_Seek,_c._1877,_NGA_56669.jpg" } }, { "id": 476, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/476-sack-race/", "name": "Sack Race", "native": "Balap Karung, Carrera de sacos", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "ID", "GB" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Players stand inside sacks and hop to the finish; first across wins.", "how_played": "Players stand inside sacks and hop to the finish; first across wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia, United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mayan_girls_playing_sack_race_on_the_market_of_Quetzaltenango,_Guatemala.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00476-sack-race.jpg", "author": "Erik Albers", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mayan_girls_playing_sack_race_on_the_market_of_Quetzaltenango,_Guatemala.JPG" } }, { "id": 477, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/477-stickball/", "name": "Stickball", "native": "Stickball", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cuba" ], "country_codes": [ "CU" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Bat-and-ball games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Hit a rubber ball with a broomstick down the street and run or score by manholes; stoopball variant bounces off steps.", "how_played": "Hit a rubber ball with a broomstick down the street and run or score by manholes; stoopball variant bounces off steps.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cuba.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queens_stickball.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00477-stickball.jpg", "author": "Ravi Misra", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queens_stickball.jpg" } }, { "id": 478, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/478-glima/", "name": "Glima", "native": "Glíma", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iceland" ], "country_codes": [ "IS" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Two players hold belt-and-thigh straps and try to trip each other with leg hooks and lifts while staying upright; throws are scored for clean technique, falling first loses the round.", "how_played": "Two players hold belt-and-thigh straps and try to trip each other with leg hooks and lifts while staying upright; throws are scored for clean technique, falling first loses the round.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iceland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reykjavik._IJslands_worstelen_(Glima)._Leden_van_het_glimateam_van_de_Menntaskol,_Bestanddeelnr_190-0267.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00478-glima.jpg", "author": "Willem van de Poll", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reykjavik._IJslands_worstelen_(Glima)._Leden_van_het_glimateam_van_de_Menntaskol,_Bestanddeelnr_190-0267.jpg" } }, { "id": 479, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/479-basque-stone-lifting/", "name": "Basque stone lifting", "native": "Harri-jasotzea", "alt": [], "countries": [ "France" ], "country_codes": [ "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Acrobatics and strength", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Lift a heavy rounded stone from ground to shoulder as many times as possible in a fixed time, choosing stone size before each attempt.", "how_played": "Lift a heavy rounded stone from ground to shoulder as many times as possible in a fixed time, choosing stone size before each attempt.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of France.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harrijasotzaile_(26661583631).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00479-basque-stone-lifting.jpg", "author": "Alberto Cabello from Vitoria Gasteiz", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harrijasotzaile_(26661583631).jpg" } }, { "id": 480, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/480-oil-wrestling/", "name": "Oil wrestling", "native": "Yağlı güreş", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Two oiled wrestlers in leather trousers try to gain control by grips and throws.", "how_played": "Two oiled wrestlers in leather trousers try to gain control by grips and throws.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_wrestling_match_in_the_gardens_of_the_Sultan%27s_Palace.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00480-oil-wrestling.jpg", "author": "anonymous Greek artist, ca. 1809", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_wrestling_match_in_the_gardens_of_the_Sultan%27s_Palace.jpg" } }, { "id": 481, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/481-korfball/", "name": "Korfball", "native": "Korfbal", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Netherlands", "Belgium", "Taiwan" ], "country_codes": [ "NL", "BE", "TW" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Team ball sports", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Mixed teams of four attackers and four defenders shoot at a post-mounted basket with no dribbling; roles swap every two goals.", "how_played": "Mixed teams of four attackers and four defenders shoot at a post-mounted basket with no dribbling; roles swap every two goals.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands, Belgium, Taiwan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WG_Kaohsiung_-_Korfball_-_BEL_vs._NED_1.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00481-korfball.jpg", "author": "仰育 (Dennis Ho)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WG_Kaohsiung_-_Korfball_-_BEL_vs._NED_1.JPG" } }, { "id": 482, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/482-luge-and-toboggan-run/", "name": "Luge and toboggan run", "native": "Rodel", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "Lie back on a sled, steer by weight shifts through a banked ice track, shaving hundredths of a second per bend.", "how_played": "Lie back on a sled, steer by weight shifts through a banked ice track, shaving hundredths of a second per bend.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2022-02-18_FIL_Luge_World_Cup_Natural_Track_in_Mariazell_2021-22_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93126.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00482-luge-and-toboggan-run.jpg", "author": "Sandro Halank, Wikimedia Commons", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2022-02-18_FIL_Luge_World_Cup_Natural_Track_in_Mariazell_2021-22_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93126.jpg" } }, { "id": 484, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/484-pesapallo/", "name": "Pesapallo", "native": "Pesäpallo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Finland" ], "country_codes": [ "FI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "The pitcher throws vertically over the plate and the batter runs a zigzag course of bases, trying to score before the fielders return the ball.", "how_played": "The pitcher throws vertically over the plate and the batter runs a zigzag course of bases, trying to score before the fielders return the ball.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Finland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Veto_-_Kossu_(1.8.2014)_07.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00484-pesapallo.jpg", "author": "Santeri Viinamäki", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Veto_-_Kossu_(1.8.2014)_07.JPG" } }, { "id": 485, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/485-faustball/", "name": "Faustball", "native": "Faustball", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Germany", "Austria", "Brazil" ], "country_codes": [ "DE", "AT", "BR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Two teams hit a ball over a low line with their fist or forearm, allowing one bounce per side and up to three touches.", "how_played": "Two teams hit a ball over a low line with their fist or forearm, allowing one bounce per side and up to three touches.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany, Austria, Brazil.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fistball_Spike.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00485-faustball.jpg", "author": "Flingeflung", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fistball_Spike.jpg" } }, { "id": 486, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/486-venetian-lagoon-regatta/", "name": "Venetian lagoon regatta", "native": "Regata", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Pairs of rowers in narrow lagoon craft race a canal course.", "how_played": "Pairs of rowers in narrow lagoon craft race a canal course.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venezia_-_Regata_Storica_-_Gondolini_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00486-venetian-lagoon-regatta.jpg", "author": "Godromil", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venezia_-_Regata_Storica_-_Gondolini_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 487, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/487-swiss-wrestling/", "name": "Swiss wrestling", "native": "Schwingen", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Switzerland" ], "country_codes": [ "CH" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Two wrestlers in a sawdust ring grip the sturdy shorts of the opponent and try to put him on his back with a throw; round is scored by points.", "how_played": "Two wrestlers in a sawdust ring grip the sturdy shorts of the opponent and try to put him on his back with a throw; round is scored by points.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Switzerland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wrestlers_at_the_2026_F%C3%AAte_Romande_de_Lutte_Suisse_37.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00487-swiss-wrestling.jpg", "author": "Quejaytee", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wrestlers_at_the_2026_F%C3%AAte_Romande_de_Lutte_Suisse_37.jpg" } }, { "id": 488, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/488-equestrian-vaulting/", "name": "Equestrian vaulting", "native": "Voltigieren", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Europe", "type": "Sports with animal partners", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "A gymnast performs a compulsory move sequence on a horse cantering in a circle.", "how_played": "A gymnast performs a compulsory move sequence on a horse cantering in a circle.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vaulting_C_IMG_0434.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00488-equestrian-vaulting.jpg", "author": "Anneli Salo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vaulting_C_IMG_0434.JPG" } }, { "id": 489, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/489-tamburello/", "name": "Tamburello", "native": "Tamburello", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy", "France" ], "country_codes": [ "IT", "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Two teams hit a ball with a drum-like frame, which resembles a tambourine, across a court, scoring in tennis-like games.", "how_played": "Two teams hit a ball with a drum-like frame, which resembles a tambourine, across a court, scoring in tennis-like games.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy, France.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ricetto_tamburello_games_Portacamaro_(AT)_19-7-2025.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00489-tamburello.jpg", "author": "Jeanne Griffin", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ricetto_tamburello_games_Portacamaro_(AT)_19-7-2025.jpg" } }, { "id": 490, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/490-skijoring/", "name": "Skijoring", "native": "Skijöring", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Americas", "type": "Sports with animal partners", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "A skier is towed by a dog or horse along a snow course with jumps and gates; the player steers and balances speed.", "how_played": "A skier is towed by a dog or horse along a snow course with jumps and gates; the player steers and balances speed.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Werfenweng_2018_Skij%C3%B6ring_Herren_1_Hund_Kategorie_3_NEUBERT_Ivo-8126.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00490-skijoring.jpg", "author": "Isiwal", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Werfenweng_2018_Skij%C3%B6ring_Herren_1_Hund_Kategorie_3_NEUBERT_Ivo-8126.jpg" } }, { "id": 491, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/491-kolf/", "name": "Kolf", "native": "Kolf", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Players hit a ball with a club toward a post at the far end of a court, with fewest strokes winning.", "how_played": "Players hit a ball with a club toward a post at the far end of a court, with fewest strokes winning.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evening_Game_of_Kolf_in_a_Dutch_Village_CZE_NG.O_123.jpeg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00491-kolf.jpg", "author": "Aert van der Neer", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evening_Game_of_Kolf_in_a_Dutch_Village_CZE_NG.O_123.jpeg" } }, { "id": 492, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/492-stoolball/", "name": "Stoolball", "native": "Stoolball", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "A bowler throws underarm at a wooden target on a post; the batter defends it with a paddle bat and runs between posts to score.", "how_played": "A bowler throws underarm at a wooden target on a post; the batter defends it with a paddle bat and runs between posts to score.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smallfield_Ladies_Stoolball_Team_playing_at_Dorking,_in_the_shadow_of_Box_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1386612.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00492-stoolball.jpg", "author": "Richard Rogerson", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smallfield_Ladies_Stoolball_Team_playing_at_Dorking,_in_the_shadow_of_Box_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1386612.jpg" } }, { "id": 495, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/495-stone-arch-bridge-builder/", "name": "Stone Arch Bridge Builder", "native": "Anji Bridge, Zhaozhou Qiao", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Place curved stones (voussoirs) on a wooden support frame so thrust balances, then remove the frame: a correct arch stands, a bad one falls.", "how_played": "Place curved stones (voussoirs) on a wooden support frame so thrust balances, then remove the frame: a correct arch stands, a bad one falls.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zhaozhou_or_Anji_Bridge.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00495-stone-arch-bridge-builder.jpg", "author": "wanghongliu and Xyklone", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zhaozhou_or_Anji_Bridge.jpg" } }, { "id": 496, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/496-clinker-boat-building/", "name": "Clinker Boat Building", "native": "Klinkbygd skip (Nordic)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Norway", "Denmark", "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NO", "DK", "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Shape and fasten overlapping hull planks (strakes) one by one around a keel and ribs, riveting them in order so the hull keeps its shape, then launch and test the vessel.", "how_played": "Shape and fasten overlapping hull planks (strakes) one by one around a keel and ribs, riveting them in order so the hull keeps its shape, then launch and test the vessel.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Norway, Denmark, Netherlands.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:T%C3%B8nsberg_Norway_S%C3%A6heimr_(Fj%C3%B8rtoftb%C3%A5ten)_Viking_ship_row_sail_boat_replicas_Harbour_Havn_Pier_Board_walk_Dock_Brygga_Sense_Foynhagen_restaurants_wooden_buildings_Vikingodden_Lindahlplan_etc_2019-08-21_0019.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00496-clinker-boat-building.jpg", "author": "Wolfmann", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:T%C3%B8nsberg_Norway_S%C3%A6heimr_(Fj%C3%B8rtoftb%C3%A5ten)_Viking_ship_row_sail_boat_replicas_Harbour_Havn_Pier_Board_walk_Dock_Brygga_Sense_Foynhagen_restaurants_wooden_buildings_Vikingodden_Lindahlplan_etc_2019-08-21_0019.jpg" } }, { "id": 499, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/499-dumpling-pleating/", "name": "Dumpling Pleating", "native": "饺子 jiaozi / momo / gyoza", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China", "Nepal", "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "NP", "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Fill a wrapper and pinch pleats in order along one edge so the dumpling seals and stands up, matching regional shapes (crescent, purse, braid).", "how_played": "Fill a wrapper and pinch pleats in order along one edge so the dumpling seals and stands up, matching regional shapes (crescent, purse, braid).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, Nepal, Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:8-pleats_-_Julia%27s_Beef_and_Chinese_Celery_Dumplings.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00499-dumpling-pleating.jpg", "author": "avlxyz", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:8-pleats_-_Julia%27s_Beef_and_Chinese_Celery_Dumplings.jpg" } }, { "id": 500, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/500-tessellated-mosaic-making/", "name": "Tessellated Mosaic Making", "native": "Opus tessellatum", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy", "Lebanon" ], "country_codes": [ "IT", "LB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Place small coloured tesserae into a drawn guide following the andamento (flow lines) of a pattern, matching colours and filling rows.", "how_played": "Place small coloured tesserae into a drawn guide following the andamento (flow lines) of a pattern, matching colours and filling rows.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy, Lebanon. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_mosaic_floor_in_Volubilis,_Morocco.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00500-tessellated-mosaic-making.jpg", "author": "FuriousYogi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_mosaic_floor_in_Volubilis,_Morocco.jpg" } }, { "id": 501, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/501-leaded-glass-window-making/", "name": "Leaded Glass Window Making", "native": "Stained glass", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Cut coloured glass pieces to a cartoon, fit them with lead came, solder and light the finished window.", "how_played": "Cut coloured glass pieces to a cartoon, fit them with lead came, solder and light the finished window.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint-Pierre_cathedral,_Geneva_-_Stained_glass_windows_in_the_Chapelle_des_Maccab%C3%A9es_-_Details.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00501-leaded-glass-window-making.jpg", "author": "Terragio67", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint-Pierre_cathedral,_Geneva_-_Stained_glass_windows_in_the_Chapelle_des_Maccab%C3%A9es_-_Details.jpg" } }, { "id": 502, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/502-clockwork-movement-builder/", "name": "Clockwork Movement Builder", "native": "Schwarzwalduhr / Kuckucksuhr", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Germany", "Switzerland", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "DE", "CH", "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Connect gears, a pendulum and an escapement in the right order so the train drives the hands and pops a bird on the hour; fix mismatched gear ratios.", "how_played": "Connect gears, a pendulum and an escapement in the right order so the train drives the hands and pops a bird on the hour; fix mismatched gear ratios.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cuckoo_clock,_1898.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00502-clockwork-movement-builder.jpg", "author": "Deutsches Uhrenmuseum Furtwangen", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cuckoo_clock,_1898.jpg" } }, { "id": 503, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/503-portolan-chart-navigator/", "name": "Portolan Chart Navigator", "native": "Carta nautica / portolano", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy", "Spain", "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "IT", "ES", "TR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Use a compass rose and rhumb lines to lay a course from port to port, correcting for wind and recording coastal landmarks to draw the chart.", "how_played": "Use a compass rose and rhumb lines to lay a course from port to port, correcting for wind and recording coastal landmarks to draw the chart.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy, Spain, Turkey.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mediterranean_chart_fourteenth_century2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00503-portolan-chart-navigator.jpg", "author": "anonymous, probably Genoan", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mediterranean_chart_fourteenth_century2.jpg" } }, { "id": 504, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/504-dougong-bracket-stacking/", "name": "Dougong Bracket Stacking", "native": "斗拱 dougong", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China", "South Korea", "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "KR", "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Slot interlocking wooden blocks and arms together without nails so they carry a roof beam, choosing the right piece at each layer.", "how_played": "Slot interlocking wooden blocks and arms together without nails so they carry a roof beam, choosing the right piece at each layer.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, South Korea, Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Interlocking_wooden_brackets.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00504-dougong-bracket-stacking.jpg", "author": "The war moose", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Interlocking_wooden_brackets.jpg" } }, { "id": 505, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/505-tartan-sett-weaving/", "name": "Tartan Sett Weaving", "native": "Breacan / tartan", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Ireland" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "IE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Choose colour threads and a sett pattern, then throw the shuttle and change colours at the right pick count so the plaid appears and repeats.", "how_played": "Choose colour threads and a sett pattern, then throw the shuttle and change colours at the right pick count so the plaid appears and repeats.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Ireland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tartan_Weaving_in_Lochcarron.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00505-tartan-sett-weaving.jpg", "author": "Karora", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tartan_Weaving_in_Lochcarron.jpg" } }, { "id": 506, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/506-blacksmiths-forge/", "name": "Blacksmith's Forge", "native": "Schmiedekunst / forging", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Germany", "Sweden", "Japan", "India" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "DE", "SE", "JP", "IN" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Heat iron to the right colour, then hammer it on the anvil in timed strikes to draw, bend and twist a candlestick, hook or blade.", "how_played": "Heat iron to the right colour, then hammer it on the anvil in timed strikes to draw, bend and twist a candlestick, hook or blade.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blacksmith_forging_a_candlestick.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00506-blacksmiths-forge.jpg", "author": "Jacek Rużyczka", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blacksmith_forging_a_candlestick.jpg" } }, { "id": 507, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/507-windmill-miller/", "name": "Windmill Miller", "native": "Molen / Dutch windmill", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Netherlands", "Spain", "Iran", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "NL", "ES", "IR", "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Turn the windmill cap into the wind, set sail cloth, adjust the millstone gap and feed grain so flour is fine and not burned.", "how_played": "Turn the windmill cap into the wind, set sail cloth, adjust the millstone gap and feed grain so flour is fine and not burned.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands, Spain, Iran.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Windmills_at_Zaanse_Schans,_Zaanstad,_2022.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00507-windmill-miller.jpg", "author": "DimiTalen", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Windmills_at_Zaanse_Schans,_Zaanstad,_2022.jpg" } }, { "id": 508, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/508-tuvan-throat-singing/", "name": "Tuvan Throat Singing", "native": "Khoomei / Хоомей", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mongolia", "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "MN", "RU" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Hold a drone with one finger while sliding a second finger to shape overtones and trace a melody above it, scored on stability and melody match.", "how_played": "Hold a drone with one finger while sliding a second finger to shape overtones and trace a melody above it, scored on stability and melody match.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia, Russia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tuvan_Throat_Singers.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00508-tuvan-throat-singing.jpg", "author": "AjarnRichard", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tuvan_Throat_Singers.jpg" } }, { "id": 510, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/510-highland-bagpipe-chanter-and-drone/", "name": "Highland Bagpipe Chanter and Drone", "native": "Piobaireachd / Piping", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Cover finger holes on a nine-note chanter, add the quick grace notes and play marches and slow airs against a constant drone.", "how_played": "Cover finger holes on a nine-note chanter, add the quick grace notes and play marches and slow airs against a constant drone.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Scots_Dragoon_Guards_piper_Plays_His_Pipes_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00510-highland-bagpipe-chanter-and-drone.jpg", "author": "Jannine Hartmann", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Scots_Dragoon_Guards_piper_Plays_His_Pipes_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 512, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/512-ribbon-pole-plaiting-dance/", "name": "Ribbon-Pole Plaiting Dance", "native": "Maypole ribbon dance (generic)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Germany", "Sweden", "France", "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "DE", "SE", "FR", "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dances", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Move dancers over and under each other around a central pole so the ribbons plait into named woven patterns such as Spider's Web and Barber's Pole.", "how_played": "Move dancers over and under each other around a central pole so the ribbons plait into named woven patterns such as Spider's Web and Barber's Pole.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maypole_dancing_in_Rochester.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00512-ribbon-pole-plaiting-dance.jpg", "author": "JuliaC2006", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maypole_dancing_in_Rochester.jpg" } }, { "id": 514, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/514-sicilian-puppet-knights/", "name": "Sicilian Puppet Knights", "native": "Opera dei Pupi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "Puppetry and shadow play", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Stamp, swing and clash armoured rod puppets in rhythm to a storyteller's narration, with the audience-pleasing stamp-and-flourish duel at the heart.", "how_played": "Stamp, swing and clash armoured rod puppets in rhythm to a storyteller's narration, with the audience-pleasing stamp-and-flourish duel at the heart.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sicilian_puppet.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00514-sicilian-puppet-knights.jpg", "author": "Dedda71", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sicilian_puppet.jpg" } }, { "id": 515, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/515-commedia-mask-stock-characters/", "name": "Commedia Mask Stock Characters", "native": "Commedia dell'arte", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Match leather masks to their stock characters, then act out a short scene by choosing gestures for each mask in a rapid improvised show.", "how_played": "Match leather masks to their stock characters, then act out a short scene by choosing gestures for each mask in a rapid improvised show.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Commedia_dell%27arte_IMG_1519.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00515-commedia-mask-stock-characters.jpg", "author": "Deror avi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Commedia_dell%27arte_IMG_1519.JPG" } }, { "id": 520, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/520-hardanger-fiddle-halling/", "name": "Hardanger Fiddle Halling", "native": "Hardingfele", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Norway" ], "country_codes": [ "NO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Bow across a decorated eight-string fiddle where four sympathetic strings ring on, matching the uneven halling and springar dance rhythms.", "how_played": "Bow across a decorated eight-string fiddle where four sympathetic strings ring on, matching the uneven halling and springar dance rhythms.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Norway.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hardanger_Fiddle_MET_DP167430.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00520-hardanger-fiddle-halling.jpg", "author": "?", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hardanger_Fiddle_MET_DP167430.jpg" } }, { "id": 521, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/521-bodhran-frame-drum/", "name": "Bodhran Frame Drum", "native": "Bodhrán", "alt": [ "Bodhrán" ], "countries": [ "Ireland" ], "country_codes": [ "IE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Strike the skin with a two-ended beater (tipper) while the other hand dampens from behind to change pitch, playing jig and reel patterns in time.", "how_played": "Strike the skin with a two-ended beater (tipper) while the other hand dampens from behind to change pitch, playing jig and reel patterns in time.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ireland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:177-bodhran-playing-hinnerk-ruemenapf-0067.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00521-bodhran-frame-drum.jpg", "author": "Hinnerk R, Hinnerk Rümenapf", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:177-bodhran-playing-hinnerk-ruemenapf-0067.jpg" } }, { "id": 522, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/522-knucklebone-game/", "name": "Knucklebone game", "native": "Bujal Bazi", "alt": [ "Shagai (anklebone games)", "Knucklebones" ], "countries": [ "Afghanistan", "Mongolia" ], "country_codes": [ "AF", "MN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Sheep anklebones with four sides (horse, sheep, camel, goat) are used as dice and tokens in many games, including tabletop flick races over about ten metres.", "how_played": "Sheep anklebones with four sides (horse, sheep, camel, goat) are used as dice and tokens in many games, including tabletop flick races over about ten metres.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Afghanistan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shagai", "https://www.discovermongolia.mn/about-mongolia/culture-art-history/mongolian-toys-and-games" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00522-knucklebone-game.jpg", "author": "User:Yaan", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shagai_2x2.jpg" } }, { "id": 527, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/527-tavell/", "name": "Tavëll", "native": "Tavëll", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Albania", "Kosovo" ], "country_codes": [ "AL", "XK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Two players race fifteen checkers each around a board with dice; backgammon as played in Albanian-speaking cafes.", "how_played": "Two players race fifteen checkers each around a board with dice; backgammon as played in Albanian-speaking cafes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Albania, Kosovo.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/albania.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 529, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/529-stick-and-cingel/", "name": "Stick and Cingel", "native": "Cingel", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Albania" ], "country_codes": [ "AL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Children flick a short wooden peg with a longer stick and score by how far it flies.", "how_played": "Children flick a short wooden peg with a longer stick and score by how far it flies.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Albania.", "sources": [ "https://balkanacademia.com/2025/08/12/traditional-albanian-game-with-sticks-and-a-ball-on-the-grass/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 530, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/530-dont-get-mad/", "name": "Don't Get Mad", "native": "Mos u Nxeh", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Albania" ], "country_codes": [ "AL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Albanian version of the Ludo-type race game, popular under communism.", "how_played": "Albanian version of the Ludo-type race game, popular under communism.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Albania.", "sources": [ "https://interpret-europe.net/news/newsletter/2020/dont-get-mad-a-game-inspired-by-albanian-heritage/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 542, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/542-parxis/", "name": "Parxís", "native": "Parxís", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Andorra" ], "country_codes": [ "AD" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Players race four pieces around a cross-shaped track by dice, with captures and safe squares.", "how_played": "Players race four pieces around a cross-shaped track by dice, with captures and safe squares.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Andorra.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 543, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/543-capoeira-angola/", "name": "Capoeira Angola", "native": "Capoeira Angola", "alt": [ "Capoeira" ], "countries": [ "Angola" ], "country_codes": [ "AO" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Afro-Brazilian art/game; style named for Angola; origin debated.", "how_played": "Afro-Brazilian art/game; style named for Angola; origin debated.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Angola.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capoeira_Angola" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00543-capoeira-angola.jpg", "author": "Ayres Alves de Lima Sales", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roda_de_Capoeira_Angola.jpg" } }, { "id": 544, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/544-kiela/", "name": "Kiela", "native": "Kiela", "alt": [ "Kiela" ], "countries": [ "Angola" ], "country_codes": [ "AO" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Kimbundu mancala of northern Angola, called a game of peace; similar to Omweso.", "how_played": "Kimbundu mancala of northern Angola, called a game of peace; similar to Omweso.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Angola.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiela", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Kiela_(portugu%C3%AAs)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 547, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/547-union-jack-game/", "name": "Union Jack Game", "native": "Union Jack Game", "alt": [ "Potta" ], "countries": [ "Antigua and Barbuda" ], "country_codes": [ "AG" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Line-based three-in-a-row game under the Antiguan name Union Jack Game.", "how_played": "Line-based three-in-a-row game under the Antiguan name Union Jack Game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Antigua and Barbuda.", "sources": [ "https://barbadostoday.bb/2025/08/31/heritage-games-keep-tradition-alive-at-carifesta-xv/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 551, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/551-nardi/", "name": "Nardi", "native": "Nardi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "AM", "AZ", "GE", "IR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Persian dice-race tables game; Iranians say it is the leading board game in tea houses and homes.", "how_played": "Persian dice-race tables game; Iranians say it is the leading board game in tea houses and homes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia.", "sources": [ "https://armenianvendor.com/popular-board-games-in-armenia/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nard_(game)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chovgan", "https://www.onelowerlight.com/writing/life-in-georgia-is-like-a-game-of-backgammon/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00551-nardi.jpg", "author": "Ptkfgs", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Backgammon_lg.png" } }, { "id": 552, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/552-chess/", "name": "Chess", "native": "Shakhmat", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "India", "Afghanistan" ], "country_codes": [ "AM", "AZ", "IN", "AF" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Chaturanga is the ancient Indian four-division army game from about the 7th century CE that led to chess; a historical-rules version could showcase it.", "how_played": "Chaturanga is the ancient Indian four-division army game from about the 7th century CE that led to chess; a historical-rules version could showcase it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Armenia, Azerbaijan, India.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_Armenia", "https://armenianvendor.com/popular-board-games-in-armenia/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatranj", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00552-chess.jpg", "author": "Jesse Schupack", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yerevan_Chess_House.jpg" } }, { "id": 559, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/559-backyard-cricket/", "name": "Backyard cricket", "native": "Backyard cricket", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Australia" ], "country_codes": [ "AU" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Improvised family and street cricket with house rules such as tip-and-run and one-hand-one-bounce.", "how_played": "Improvised family and street cricket with house rules such as tip-and-run and one-hand-one-bounce. A summer-holiday tradition.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Australia.", "sources": [], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00559-backyard-cricket.jpg", "author": "laneylou", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beach_cricket.jpg" } }, { "id": 560, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/560-two-up/", "name": "Two-up", "native": "Two-up", "alt": [ "Swy" ], "countries": [ "Australia" ], "country_codes": [ "AU" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "A spinner tosses two coins from a flat board; bets are placed on two heads, two tails or odds, and odds means a rethrow.", "how_played": "A spinner tosses two coins from a flat board; bets are placed on two heads, two tails or odds, and odds means a rethrow. Linked to WWI soldiers and Anzac Day.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Australia.", "sources": [ "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-25/anzac-day-history-of-two-up/11042264", "https://rslqld.org/news/two-up-an-anzac-day-tradition", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-up" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00560-two-up.jpg", "author": "Silverhorse", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kalgoorlie_two_up_shed.jpg" } }, { "id": 561, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/561-woggabaliri/", "name": "Woggabaliri", "native": "Woggabaliri", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Australia" ], "country_codes": [ "AU" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Cooperative foot-and-hand game where players keep a ball in the air as long as possible.", "how_played": "Cooperative foot-and-hand game where players keep a ball in the air as long as possible. Name from Wiradyuri word for play.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Australia.", "sources": [ "https://www.googong.net/updates/munnagai-woggabaliri/", "https://traditionalsportsgames.org/news/australia-traditional-sports-indigenous-games-ictsg-australia-country-profile" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 563, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/563-finger-pulling/", "name": "Finger pulling", "native": "Fingerhakeln", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Austria" ], "country_codes": [ "AT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Two players pull each other across a table by a leather loop on the middle finger.", "how_played": "Two players pull each other across a table by a leather loop on the middle finger.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Austria.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 565, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/565-chovqan/", "name": "Chovqan", "native": "Chovqan", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Azerbaijan" ], "country_codes": [ "AZ" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Stick-and-ball games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Mounted game with mallets and a ball played with Karabakh horses; heritage tradition.", "how_played": "Mounted game with mallets and a ball played with Karabakh horses; heritage tradition.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Azerbaijan. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://unesco.az/index.php/en/articles/intangible_cultural_heritage/chovqan-traditional-karabakh-horse-riding-game-republic-azerbaijan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chovgan" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 566, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/566-warri/", "name": "Warri", "native": "Warri / mancala", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bahamas", "Barbados", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Mali" ], "country_codes": [ "BS", "BB", "AG", "ML" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "West African mancala brought by enslaved people; now nearly extinct but revived; Speightstown known as Warri capital.", "how_played": "West African mancala brought by enslaved people; now nearly extinct but revived; Speightstown known as Warri capital.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bahamas, Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Warri_(Antigua)", "https://bajanthings.com/the-game-of-warri/", "https://www.globaltimoto.com/africa/mali/games/awale/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 567, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/567-checkers/", "name": "Checkers", "native": "Draughts / Checkers", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bahamas", "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "BS", "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Common bar and park game in the Caribbean; pool-checkers (Wikipedia) is regionally associated.", "how_played": "Common bar and park game in the Caribbean; pool-checkers (Wikipedia) is regionally associated.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bahamas, United States.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/domino/line/caribbean.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_draughts" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00567-checkers.jpg", "author": "Jud McCranie", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CheckersStandard.jpg" } }, { "id": 569, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/569-bahamian-dominoes/", "name": "Bahamian dominoes", "native": "Dominoes", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bahamas" ], "country_codes": [ "BS" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Loud partnership dominoes with strong Haitian-Bahamian crossover.", "how_played": "Loud partnership dominoes with strong Haitian-Bahamian crossover.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bahamas.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/domino/line/caribbean.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 570, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/570-street-games/", "name": "Street games", "native": "Marbles / Hopscotch", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bahamas" ], "country_codes": [ "BS" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Children's yard games: flicking marbles at targets and hopping through a chalk grid.", "how_played": "Children's yard games: flicking marbles at targets and hopping through a chalk grid.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bahamas.", "sources": [ "https://www.jamrockmuseum.com/heritage/games-of-jamaica-from-street-corners-to-national-pride/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00570-street-games.jpg", "author": "James Emery from Douglasville, United States", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hopscotch_de_Cubanese.jpg" } }, { "id": 572, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/572-boli-khela/", "name": "Boli Khela", "native": "Boli Khela", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Traditional wrestling especially of Chittagong.", "how_played": "Traditional wrestling especially of Chittagong.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boli_Khela" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00572-boli-khela.jpg", "author": "Mohammed Abdullah from Chittagong, Bangladesh", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boli_Khela,_Pohela_Boishakh_(2014)_(19204236770).jpg" } }, { "id": 573, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/573-gollachut/", "name": "Gollachut", "native": "Gollachut", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Circle chase game built around a central post.", "how_played": "Circle chase game built around a central post.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_traditional_games", "https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/lifestyle/culture/bangladeshs-classic-indoor-and-outdoor-games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 576, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/576-draughts/", "name": "Draughts", "native": "Drafts", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Barbados", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Grenada", "Dominica" ], "country_codes": [ "BB", "AG", "LC", "VC", "GD", "DM" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "African draughts, normally the 10x10 international form with flying kings, played on street boards, in cafes and in federation events.", "how_played": "African draughts, normally the 10x10 international form with flying kings, played on street boards, in cafes and in federation events.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Lucia.", "sources": [ "https://barbados.org/barbados-traditions.htm", "https://bajanthings.com/the-game-of-warri/", "https://www.pagat.com/domino/line/caribbean.html", "https://www.allatsea.net/domino-effect-in-the-caribbean/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 577, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/577-kites/", "name": "Kites", "native": "Kite flying", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Barbados", "El Salvador" ], "country_codes": [ "BB", "SV" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Paper kites on a cane frame, flown in summer and in October.", "how_played": "Paper kites on a cane frame, flown in summer and in October.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Barbados, El Salvador.", "sources": [ "https://barbados.org/barbados-traditions.htm", "https://historico.elsalvador.com/historico/759235/videojuegos-juegos-infantiles-trompo-piscucha-yoyo-chibolas-jacks.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00577-kites.jpg", "author": "Slyronit", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kites_in_the_sky,_Changzhou.jpg" } }, { "id": 578, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/578-slam-dominoes/", "name": "Slam dominoes", "native": "Dominoes", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Barbados" ], "country_codes": [ "BB" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Rum-shop partnership dominoes.", "how_played": "Rum-shop partnership dominoes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Barbados.", "sources": [ "https://barbadostoday.bb/2025/08/31/heritage-games-keep-tradition-alive-at-carifesta-xv/", "https://barbados.org/barbados-traditions.htm" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 579, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/579-potta/", "name": "Potta", "native": "Potta", "alt": [ "Union Jack Game (Antigua)", "Morale (France)" ], "countries": [ "Barbados" ], "country_codes": [ "BB" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mill and morris games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Players place and move three pieces on a board of intersecting lines aiming to line them up, a cousin of nine-men's-morris style games.", "how_played": "Players place and move three pieces on a board of intersecting lines aiming to line them up, a cousin of nine-men's-morris style games.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Barbados.", "sources": [ "https://barbadostoday.bb/2025/08/31/heritage-games-keep-tradition-alive-at-carifesta-xv/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 580, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/580-balle-pelote/", "name": "Balle pelote", "native": "Balle pelote", "alt": [ "Jeu de balle" ], "countries": [ "Belgium" ], "country_codes": [ "BE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Walloon wall-less ball game with a gloved/bare hand; historic in Wallonia.", "how_played": "Walloon wall-less ball game with a gloved/bare hand; historic in Wallonia.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belgium.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 583, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/583-krulbollen/", "name": "Krulbollen", "native": "Krulbol / Rolle bolle", "alt": [ "Rolle bolle", "Bolle" ], "countries": [ "Belgium" ], "country_codes": [ "BE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Roll a curved disc (bolle) so it curls close to a stick; ancient Flemish lawn game.", "how_played": "Roll a curved disc (bolle) so it curls close to a stick; ancient Flemish lawn game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belgium.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolle_bolle" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00583-krulbollen.jpg", "author": "VlaS", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boller1.jpg" } }, { "id": 584, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/584-finch-sitting/", "name": "Finch sitting", "native": "Vinkenzetting", "alt": [ "Vinkensport", "Dutch for \"finch sport\"" ], "countries": [ "Belgium" ], "country_codes": [ "BE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Chaffinch owners compete on how many songs their bird sings in an hour; 400-year-old Flemish tradition.", "how_played": "Chaffinch owners compete on how many songs their bird sings in an hour; 400-year-old Flemish tradition.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belgium.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinkensport" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00584-finch-sitting.jpg", "author": "Donarreiskoffer", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vinkensport,_Deinze_03.JPG" } }, { "id": 585, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/585-kriol-traditional-games/", "name": "Kriol traditional games", "native": "Kriol street games", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Belize" ], "country_codes": [ "BZ" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Group chasing and rhyme games collected in a heritage booklet to revive Kriol play.", "how_played": "Group chasing and rhyme games collected in a heritage booklet to revive Kriol play.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belize.", "sources": [ "https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00095145/00001" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 586, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/586-african-draughts/", "name": "African draughts", "native": "Jeu de dames", "alt": [ "Jeu de dames", "Draughts", "Dame" ], "countries": [ "Benin", "Burkina Faso", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Ghana", "Guinea", "Liberia" ], "country_codes": [ "BJ", "BF", "CI", "GH", "GN", "LR" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "African draughts, normally the 10x10 international form with flying kings, played on street boards, in cafes and in federation events.", "how_played": "African draughts, normally the 10x10 international form with flying kings, played on street boards, in cafes and in federation events.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Games_of_Benin", "https://www.toriyaba.org/jeux/", "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Championnats_d'Afrique_de_dames", "https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghana-month-the-love-for-the-game-of-draughts/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 587, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/587-oware-family-mancala/", "name": "Oware-family mancala", "native": "Adjito (Aji)", "alt": [ "Awale", "Adji" ], "countries": [ "Benin", "Burkina Faso", "Cote d'Ivoire", "Guinea", "Niger", "Senegal" ], "country_codes": [ "BJ", "BF", "CI", "GN", "NE", "SN" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Two players sow seeds anticlockwise around a 2x6 board and capture small piles; a core home and street game.", "how_played": "Two players sow seeds anticlockwise around a 2x6 board and capture small piles; a core home and street game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire.", "sources": [ "https://lepetitjournal.com/cotonou/actualites/adjito-les-regles-du-jeu-75074", "https://www.toriyaba.org/jeux/", "https://www.bruno-mignot.com/jeux-jouets/4736-awale-bois-exotique-gouro-cote-ivoire-jeux-africains.html", "https://rezoivoire.net/ivoire/patrimoine/2069/le-jeu-dawale.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 589, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/589-stone-put/", "name": "Stone put", "native": "Pundo", "alt": [ "Pesa" ], "countries": [ "Bhutan", "Switzerland" ], "country_codes": [ "BT", "CH" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "A stone over one kilogram is thrown from the shoulder as far as possible, much like shot put.", "how_played": "A stone over one kilogram is thrown from the shoulder as far as possible, much like shot put.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bhutan, Switzerland.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pundo", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Bhutan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinstossen" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00589-stone-put.jpg", "author": "© James F. Perry", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_put_05WDBY_007.jpg" } }, { "id": 590, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/590-dego/", "name": "Dego", "native": "Dego", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bhutan" ], "country_codes": [ "BT" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Players throw a stone close to a peg and may knock an opponent's stone away; (Wikipedia Sports in Bhutan page does not list it).", "how_played": "Players throw a stone close to a peg and may knock an opponent's stone away; (Wikipedia Sports in Bhutan page does not list it).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bhutan.", "sources": [ "https://www.bhutanwiki.org/articles/traditional-sports-of-bhutan" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 591, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/591-archery/", "name": "Archery", "native": "Dha (archery)", "alt": [ "Datse", "Dha" ], "countries": [ "Bhutan" ], "country_codes": [ "BT" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Teams of 13 shoot bamboo bows at targets about 130 m away to reach 25 points, amid songs, dancing and multi-day social matches.", "how_played": "Teams of 13 shoot bamboo bows at targets about 130 m away to reach 25 points, amid songs, dancing and multi-day social matches.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bhutan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Bhutan" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 592, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/592-khuru/", "name": "Khuru", "native": "Khuru", "alt": [ "Kuru" ], "countries": [ "Bhutan" ], "country_codes": [ "BT" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Heavy wooden darts with nail tips are thrown underarm at a small upright board; teams score for hits and closeness.", "how_played": "Heavy wooden darts with nail tips are thrown underarm at a small upright board; teams score for hits and closeness.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bhutan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuru_(sport)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Bhutan", "https://www.bhutanwiki.org/articles/traditional-sports-of-bhutan" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 593, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/593-yam/", "name": "Yam", "native": "Yam", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bhutan" ], "country_codes": [ "BT" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "A dice game played with two six-sided dice and 64 cowrie shells, mostly by men.", "how_played": "A dice game played with two six-sided dice and 64 cowrie shells, mostly by men.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bhutan.", "sources": [ "https://texts.mandala.library.virginia.edu/book_pubreader/40941" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 594, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/594-taba/", "name": "Taba", "native": "Taba", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bolivia", "Bulgaria" ], "country_codes": [ "BO", "BG" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Two players race fifteen checkers each around a board with dice, hitting blots; the Bulgarian form of backgammon.", "how_played": "Two players race fifteen checkers each around a board with dice, hitting blots; the Bulgarian form of backgammon.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bolivia, Bulgaria.", "sources": [ "https://archivodefolkloreboliviano.org/obra/juegos-tradicionales-bolivianos-1998/", "https://belot.bg/en/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 595, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/595-cacho/", "name": "Cacho", "native": "Cacho", "alt": [ "Dudo", "Cacho" ], "countries": [ "Bolivia", "Chile", "Peru", "Ecuador" ], "country_codes": [ "BO", "CL", "PE", "EC" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Cup bluffing dice.", "how_played": "Cup bluffing dice.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bolivia, Chile.", "sources": [ "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudo_(juego)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar%27s_dice" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00595-cacho.jpg", "author": "Achim Raschka", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:160327_White_dice_11.jpg" } }, { "id": 596, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/596-manteo/", "name": "Manteo", "native": "Manteo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bolivia" ], "country_codes": [ "BO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Group blanket toss tied to festivals.", "how_played": "Group blanket toss tied to festivals.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bolivia.", "sources": [ "https://archivodefolkloreboliviano.org/obra/juegos-tradicionales-bolivianos-1998/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 599, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/599-koi/", "name": "Koi", "native": "Koi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Botswana" ], "country_codes": [ "BW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Skipping-rope game.", "how_played": "Skipping-rope game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Botswana.", "sources": [ "https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/24062" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 600, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/600-mhele/", "name": "Mhele", "native": "Mhele", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Botswana" ], "country_codes": [ "BW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Traditional game named by Botswana press among national traditional games.", "how_played": "Traditional game named by Botswana press among national traditional games.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Botswana.", "sources": [ "https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/24062" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00600-mhele.jpg", "author": "Bonolo Nikita Rankaga", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mhele_traditional_game.jpg" } }, { "id": 601, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/601-truco/", "name": "Truco", "native": "Truco (Paulista/Mineiro)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Brazil", "Andorra" ], "country_codes": [ "BR", "AD" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Card games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Trick game where bluffing and raising stakes matter; Paulista uses manilha trumps set by a turned card, 12 points to win.", "how_played": "Trick game where bluffing and raising stakes matter; Paulista uses manilha trumps set by a turned card, 12 points to win.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Brazil, Andorra.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/brazil.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truco" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 605, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/605-silat-melayu/", "name": "Silat Melayu", "native": "Silat", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Brunei" ], "country_codes": [ "BN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Malay martial art widely practiced, local variant Silat Suffian Bela Diri.", "how_played": "Malay martial art widely practiced, local variant Silat Suffian Bela Diri.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Brunei.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Brunei" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00605-silat-melayu.jpg", "author": "Zaki Razali .", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singaporean_female_pesilat_-_20080222.jpg" } }, { "id": 609, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/609-putu/", "name": "Putu", "native": "Putu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Burkina Faso" ], "country_codes": [ "BF" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "One child hides an object in one of several earth mounds and another must find it.", "how_played": "One child hides an object in one of several earth mounds and another must find it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "https://www.toriyaba.org/jeux/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 610, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/610-yuyu/", "name": "Yuyu", "native": "Yuyu (circle guessing game)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Burkina Faso" ], "country_codes": [ "BF" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Children sit in a circle with eyes closed; one is silently touched and then must be guessed.", "how_played": "Children sit in a circle with eyes closed; one is silently touched and then must be guessed.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "https://www.toriyaba.org/jeux/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 611, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/611-ouril/", "name": "Ouril", "native": "Ouril (Uril)", "alt": [ "Ouri", "Uril", "Urim", "Ori" ], "countries": [ "Cape Verde", "Guinea-Bissau" ], "country_codes": [ "CV", "GW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Oware-like sowing game with local capture rules; most played in Sao Vicente, played in squares and port towns, mainly by men.", "how_played": "Oware-like sowing game with local capture rules; most played in Sao Vicente, played in squares and port towns, mainly by men.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau.", "sources": [ "https://salcaboverde.com/how-to-play-ouril-cape-verdes-traditional-mancala-game/", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Ouri_(Portugal)", "https://indahs.com/2015/07/06/monochrome-monday-ouril/", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Urim" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 612, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/612-seed-throwing/", "name": "Seed throwing", "native": "Bos Angkunh", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cambodia" ], "country_codes": [ "KH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Players throw a seed at target seeds on the ground; longer versions add further stages of skill.", "how_played": "Players throw a seed at target seeds on the ground; longer versions add further stages of skill.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cambodia.", "sources": [ "https://www.areacambodia.com/editorials/what-popular-traditional-games-are-played-during-khmer-new-year/15206/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 613, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/613-buffalo-race/", "name": "Buffalo race", "native": "Bull racing", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cambodia" ], "country_codes": [ "KH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Water buffalo pairs race along a road, as at the Pchum Ben pagoda event since the 1920s.", "how_played": "Water buffalo pairs race along a road, as at the Pchum Ben pagoda event since the 1920s.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cambodia.", "sources": [ "https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/1695148/bull-race-celebrates-khmer-heritage-and-tradition.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00613-buffalo-race.jpg", "author": "Rayabhari", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kambala,_he-buffalo_race_at_Vandar_village,_Udupi_Dist.,_Kar._India.jpg" } }, { "id": 614, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/614-scarf-ball-toss/", "name": "Scarf-ball toss", "native": "Chol Chhoung", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cambodia" ], "country_codes": [ "KH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Two teams of boys and girls toss a rolled scarf over a high arc, played on the first night of Khmer New Year.", "how_played": "Two teams of boys and girls toss a rolled scarf over a high arc, played on the first night of Khmer New Year.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cambodia.", "sources": [ "https://www.areacambodia.com/editorials/what-popular-traditional-games-are-played-during-khmer-new-year/15206/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 615, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/615-hide-the-scarf/", "name": "Hide the scarf", "native": "Leak Kanseng", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cambodia" ], "country_codes": [ "KH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Children sit in a circle while one walks around singing and secretly drops a twisted towel behind someone.", "how_played": "Children sit in a circle while one walks around singing and secretly drops a twisted towel behind someone.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cambodia.", "sources": [ "https://www.areacambodia.com/editorials/what-popular-traditional-games-are-played-during-khmer-new-year/15206/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 616, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/616-khmer-chess/", "name": "Khmer chess", "native": "Ouk Chatrang", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cambodia" ], "country_codes": [ "KH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Chess descendant similar to makruk with special opening moves.", "how_played": "Chess descendant similar to makruk with special opening moves.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cambodia.", "sources": [ "https://www.pychess.org/variants/cambodian", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouk_chaktrang_at_the_2023_SEA_Games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 617, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/617-songo/", "name": "Songo", "native": "Songo / Songo'o", "alt": [ "Songho", "Songoh", "Songo ewondo", "mbekh ô kôla (Gabon)" ], "countries": [ "Cameroon", "Gabon", "Equatorial Guinea", "DR Congo" ], "country_codes": [ "CM", "GA", "GQ", "CD" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Two-row, 14-house sowing game with five seeds per house, played by Ekang/Beti/Fang peoples; first to bank 40 wins.", "how_played": "Two-row, 14-house sowing game with five seeds per house, played by Ekang/Beti/Fang peoples; first to bank 40 wins. A strategic game used socially for reconciliation.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea.", "sources": [ "https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/137560/songo-ewondo", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Songo_Ewondo", "https://afrique.le360.ma/gabon/societe/2021/08/07/35069-video-le-songo-jeu-seculaire-populaire-africain-trait-dunion-entre-gabonais-35069/", "https://40.cerdotola.org/concours-jeux/finale-songoo-awale" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00617-songo.jpg", "author": "MozMozJ", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yao_People_Playing_%22Bawo%22.jpg" } }, { "id": 618, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/618-abbia/", "name": "Abbia", "native": "Abbia", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cameroon" ], "country_codes": [ "CM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Beti gambling game played with the seeds/tokens, suppressed in the colonial period; also a cultural symbol of Beti identity.", "how_played": "Beti gambling game played with the seeds/tokens, suppressed in the colonial period; also a cultural symbol of Beti identity.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cameroon.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_traditional_games_in_Africa" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 619, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/619-traditional-wrestling/", "name": "Traditional wrestling", "native": "Lutte traditionnelle", "alt": [ "Lutte" ], "countries": [ "Cameroon" ], "country_codes": [ "CM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Village wrestling tradition across Cameroon with its own national association.", "how_played": "Village wrestling tradition across Cameroon with its own national association.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cameroon.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutte_Traditionnelle" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00619-traditional-wrestling.jpg", "author": "uploader Atamari has eMail-contact with the photograph „ sachara “", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_match-The_Gambia.jpg" } }, { "id": 620, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/620-seven-pebble-toss-game/", "name": "Seven-pebble toss game", "native": "Ndoung / jeu de cailloux", "alt": [ "Ndoung (Yemba)", "jeu de cailloux" ], "countries": [ "Cameroon" ], "country_codes": [ "CM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Players sit and throw seven pebbles, then regroup or catch them in set patterns; local name varies by cultural area.", "how_played": "Players sit and throw seven pebbles, then regroup or catch them in set patterns; local name varies by cultural area.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cameroon.", "sources": [ "https://cursus.edu/fr/17149/cameroun-le-songo-un-jeu-educatif" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 622, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/622-bingo/", "name": "Bingo", "native": "Bingo", "alt": [ "Beano" ], "countries": [ "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Number-calling card game run at halls and fundraisers.", "how_played": "Number-calling card game run at halls and fundraisers.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Canada.", "sources": [], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00622-bingo.jpg", "author": "Eric S. Garst", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bingo.jpg" } }, { "id": 623, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/623-crokinole/", "name": "Crokinole", "native": "Crokinole", "alt": [ "Pichenotte", "Crokinole board" ], "countries": [ "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Flick wooden discs across a board toward a 20-point center hole while avoiding pegs.", "how_played": "Flick wooden discs across a board toward a 20-point center hole while avoiding pegs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Canada.", "sources": [ "https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/arts-culture-society/crokinole", "https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/crokinole-country", "https://www.granthaven.com/post/world-crokinole-championship-celebrates-25-years-in-tavistock", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pichenotte" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00623-crokinole.jpg", "author": "David Victor Lagasse", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FAMILY_OF_PICHENOTTE_GAMES.jpg" } }, { "id": 626, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/626-mancala-type-sowing-games/", "name": "Mancala-type sowing games", "native": "Mancala (local names not identified)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Central African Republic" ], "country_codes": [ "CF" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Traditional African mancala-family sowing game; exact local rules vary by village.", "how_played": "Traditional African mancala-family sowing game; exact local rules vary by village.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Central African Republic.", "sources": [ "https://www.afrikibaria.com/?p=809" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 627, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/627-sija/", "name": "Sija", "native": "Sija", "alt": [ "Sija" ], "countries": [ "Chad" ], "country_codes": [ "TD" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Traditional African mancala-family sowing game; exact local rules vary by village.", "how_played": "Traditional African mancala-family sowing game; exact local rules vary by village.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Chad.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mancala_games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 629, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/629-emboque/", "name": "Emboque", "native": "Emboque", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Chile" ], "country_codes": [ "CL" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Catch a wooden cone on a stick.", "how_played": "Catch a wooden cone on a stick.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Chile.", "sources": [ "https://escuelahugoerrazuriz.cl/juegos-tradicionales-chilenos/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00629-emboque.jpg", "author": "DC", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bilboquet.jpg" } }, { "id": 634, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/634-go/", "name": "Go", "native": "围棋 Wéiqí", "alt": [ "Baduk", "Igo" ], "countries": [ "China", "Japan", "Taiwan" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "JP", "TW" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Go family", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Players alternately place stones on a 19x19 line grid to surround territory and capture enemy stones.", "how_played": "Players alternately place stones on a 19x19 line grid to surround territory and capture enemy stones.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, Japan, Taiwan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(game)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Go_Federation", "https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202309/1298216.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon_Ki-in" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00634-go.jpg", "author": "Javierfv1212", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Setup_of_Ancient_Chinese_Weiqi_(Go).png" } }, { "id": 635, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/635-mahjong/", "name": "Mahjong", "native": "麻将 Májiàng (Guobiao, Sichuan, Guangdong)", "alt": [ "Mah-jong" ], "countries": [ "China", "Singapore" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "SG" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Four players draw and discard tiles to build four sets and a pair; mainland China plays many local rulesets, with Guobiao as the official competition standard.", "how_played": "Four players draw and discard tiles to build four sets and a pair; mainland China plays many local rulesets, with Guobiao as the official competition standard.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, Singapore.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahjong", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahjong_culture", "https://wizardofmacau.com/en/games/mahjongpaigow" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00635-mahjong.jpg", "author": "yui*", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mahjong_game.jpg" } }, { "id": 636, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/636-xiangqi/", "name": "Xiangqi", "native": "象棋 Xiangqi", "alt": [ "Elephant chess" ], "countries": [ "China", "Taiwan" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "TW" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Two armies face off across a river on a 9x10 grid; each side has a general confined to a palace and the winner traps the enemy general.", "how_played": "Two armies face off across a river on a 9x10 grid; each side has a general confined to a palace and the winner traps the enemy general.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, Taiwan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiangqi", "https://www.xiangqi.com/articles/top-5-chinese-board-games", "https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202309/1298216.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 637, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/637-jungle/", "name": "Jungle", "native": "斗兽棋 Dòushòuqí", "alt": [ "Animal chess" ], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Eight ranked animals fight on a 7x9 board with rivers, traps and dens; the rat can capture the elephant.", "how_played": "Eight ranked animals fight on a 7x9 board with rivers, traps and dens; the rat can capture the elephant.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungle_(board_game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 639, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/639-huarong-dao/", "name": "Huarong Dao", "native": "华容道 Huáróng dào", "alt": [ "Klotski" ], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Water and winter sports", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Sliding-block puzzle on a 4x5 grid where the large Cao Cao block must be walked out through the bottom exit.", "how_played": "Sliding-block puzzle on a 4x5 grid where the large Cao Cao block must be walked out through the bottom exit.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klotski" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00639-huarong-dao.jpg", "author": "Welt-der-Form", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quo_Vadis-HABA.jpg" } }, { "id": 640, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/640-luzhanqi/", "name": "Luzhanqi", "native": "军棋 Jūnqí (Luzhanqi)", "alt": [ "Land battle chess" ], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Hidden-rank pieces move along railways and posts on a 65-space board; the aim is to capture the opposing flag.", "how_played": "Hidden-rank pieces move along railways and posts on a 65-space board; the aim is to capture the opposing flag.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzhanqi" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00640-luzhanqi.jpg", "author": "en:User:Painocus Painocus", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luzhanqi.JPG" } }, { "id": 641, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/641-tangram/", "name": "Tangram", "native": "七巧板 Qīqiǎobǎn", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Seven flat geometric pieces are rearranged to fill a given silhouette without overlap.", "how_played": "Seven flat geometric pieces are rearranged to fill a given silhouette without overlap.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangram" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00641-tangram.jpg", "author": "Nevit Dilmen", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tangram_set_00.jpg" } }, { "id": 643, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/643-chaza/", "name": "Chaza", "native": "Chaza", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Colombia" ], "country_codes": [ "CO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Old Colombian ball-and-board striking game said to be among the country's oldest sports.", "how_played": "Old Colombian ball-and-board striking game said to be among the country's oldest sports.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Colombia.", "sources": [ "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Juegos_de_Colombia", "http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Juegos_tradicionales_(Colombia)" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00643-chaza.jpg", "author": "Jhon estrada", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chaza.jpg" } }, { "id": 644, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/644-colombian-parques/", "name": "Colombian Parqués", "native": "Parqués", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Colombia" ], "country_codes": [ "CO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Pachisi descendant with Colombian rules like jail and safe squares.", "how_played": "Pachisi descendant with Colombian rules like jail and safe squares.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Colombia.", "sources": [ "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Juegos_de_Colombia", "http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Juegos_tradicionales_(Colombia)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 645, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/645-rana/", "name": "Rana", "native": "Rana / Bolirana", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Colombia" ], "country_codes": [ "CO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Throw discs at a table with a frog mouth worth most points.", "how_played": "Throw discs at a table with a frog mouth worth most points.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Colombia.", "sources": [ "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapo_(juego)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 646, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/646-yermis/", "name": "Yermis", "native": "Yermis", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Colombia" ], "country_codes": [ "CO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Street game from San Andres with a ball and bottle-like pins.", "how_played": "Street game from San Andres with a ball and bottle-like pins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Colombia.", "sources": [ "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Juegos_de_Colombia", "http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Juegos_tradicionales_(Colombia)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 647, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/647-bao/", "name": "Bao", "native": "Bao", "alt": [ "Bao la Kiswahili" ], "countries": [ "Comoros" ], "country_codes": [ "KM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Swahili mancala; Comoros among regions named.", "how_played": "Swahili mancala; Comoros among regions named.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Comoros.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Bao_la_Kiswahili" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00647-bao.jpg", "author": "Moongateclimber", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bao_players_in_stone_town_zanzibar.jpg" } }, { "id": 648, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/648-chromos/", "name": "Chromos", "native": "Chromos", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Costa Rica" ], "country_codes": [ "CR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Players slap cards so they flip, winning those they turn over.", "how_played": "Players slap cards so they flip, winning those they turn over.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Costa Rica.", "sources": [ "https://thecostaricanews.com/the-traditional-childhood-games-of-the-ticos%C2%B7/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 649, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/649-seed-war/", "name": "Seed war", "native": "Guerra de semillas", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Costa Rica" ], "country_codes": [ "CR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Teams throw soft castor seeds at one another.", "how_played": "Teams throw soft castor seeds at one another.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Costa Rica. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://thecostaricanews.com/the-traditional-childhood-games-of-the-ticos%C2%B7/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 650, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/650-marbles/", "name": "Marbles", "native": "Las Bolas", "alt": [ "Kancha", "Kelereng", "Billes", "Canicas" ], "countries": [ "Cuba", "Jamaica", "Barbados", "Dominica", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Guatemala" ], "country_codes": [ "CU", "JM", "BB", "DM", "KN", "GT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Players knock marbles out of a drawn circle or triangle and keep those they win, using named types such as neya and miami.", "how_played": "Players knock marbles out of a drawn circle or triangle and keep those they win, using named types such as neya and miami.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cuba, Jamaica, Barbados.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Cuba", "https://www.jamrockmuseum.com/heritage/games-of-jamaica-from-street-corners-to-national-pride/", "https://www.bajanthings.com/pitching-marbles/", "https://www.allatsea.net/domino-effect-in-the-caribbean/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 652, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/652-four-corners/", "name": "Four Corners", "native": "Cuatro Esquinas", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cuba" ], "country_codes": [ "CU" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Rubber-ball street baseball hit with the hand, running around a square; ancestor of Baseball5.", "how_played": "Rubber-ball street baseball hit with the hand, running around a square; ancestor of Baseball5.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cuba.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Cuba" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00652-four-corners.jpg", "author": "D. Benjamin Miller", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tommy_Milone_gives_up_a_home_run_to_Mike_Trout_on_May_21,_2017.jpg" } }, { "id": 653, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/653-cuban-dominoes/", "name": "Cuban dominoes", "native": "Dominó", "alt": [ "Dominó de parejas", "Longana" ], "countries": [ "Cuba" ], "country_codes": [ "CU" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Four players in partnerships use a double-nine set and race to empty their hands; also a four-way cross layout called Longana.", "how_played": "Four players in partnerships use a double-nine set and race to empty their hands; also a four-way cross layout called Longana.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cuba.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/cuba.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Cuba" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 654, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/654-burn-out/", "name": "Burn-out", "native": "El Quemado", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cuba" ], "country_codes": [ "CU" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Players try to hit opponents with a ball while others dodge; now also organised as a sport.", "how_played": "Players try to hit opponents with a ball while others dodge; now also organised as a sport.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cuba.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Cuba" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 655, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/655-taco-bat-game/", "name": "Taco bat game", "native": "Juego del Taco", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cuba" ], "country_codes": [ "CU" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Minimal-equipment bat-and-ball street game that resembles street cricket and baseball.", "how_played": "Minimal-equipment bat-and-ball street game that resembles street cricket and baseball.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cuba.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Cuba" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 656, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/656-tavli/", "name": "Tavli", "native": "Tavli", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cyprus", "Greece" ], "country_codes": [ "CY", "GR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Backgammon-family dice game played as a match of several variants in kafeneio cafes.", "how_played": "Backgammon-family dice game played as a match of several variants in kafeneio cafes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cyprus, Greece.", "sources": [ "https://www.cyprusalive.com/en/paixnidia-pou-paizontai-stin-kipro-games-that-are-being-played-in-cyprus", "https://cyprustravellerguide.com/cypriot-backgammon-also-known-as-tavli/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavli" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00656-tavli.jpg", "author": "Nikos Kitsakis", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tavli_Board_without_slots_(traditional)_C.jpg" } }, { "id": 657, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/657-ligrin/", "name": "Ligrin", "native": "Ligrin", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cyprus" ], "country_codes": [ "CY" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Players throw a short wooden stick and try to catch it to score points.", "how_played": "Players throw a short wooden stick and try to catch it to score points.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cyprus.", "sources": [ "https://www.cyprusalive.com/en/paixnidia-pou-paizontai-stin-kipro-games-that-are-being-played-in-cyprus" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 659, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/659-ziziros/", "name": "Ziziros", "native": "Ziziros", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cyprus" ], "country_codes": [ "CY" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "A middle player mimics a cicada and tries to tag the others, who must stay still.", "how_played": "A middle player mimics a cicada and tries to tag the others, who must stay still.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cyprus.", "sources": [ "https://www.cyprusalive.com/en/paixnidia-pou-paizontai-stin-kipro-games-that-are-being-played-in-cyprus" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 662, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/662-czech-draughts/", "name": "Czech draughts", "native": "Dáma", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Czechia" ], "country_codes": [ "CZ" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Draughts on 8x8 with 12 men each, mandatory capture and flying kings.", "how_played": "Draughts on 8x8 with 12 men each, mandatory capture and flying kings.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Czechia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_draughts" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 666, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/666-kisolo/", "name": "Kisolo", "native": "Kisolo / Chisolo", "alt": [ "Chisolo" ], "countries": [ "DR Congo", "Zambia" ], "country_codes": [ "CD", "ZM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Four-row mancala of the Luba, Lulua and Songye peoples; also in Zambia/Zimbabwe.", "how_played": "Four-row mancala of the Luba, Lulua and Songye peoples; also in Zambia/Zimbabwe.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of DR Congo, Zambia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisolo", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Isolo_I", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisolo" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00666-kisolo.jpg", "author": "Eaglegrafix", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kisolo-board-1965.jpg" } }, { "id": 667, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/667-bulundu/", "name": "Bulundu", "native": "Bulundu", "alt": [ "Bulundu" ], "countries": [ "DR Congo" ], "country_codes": [ "CD" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Ball game of the Luba, listed in Wikipedia's African traditional games list.", "how_played": "Ball game of the Luba, listed in Wikipedia's African traditional games list.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of DR Congo.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_traditional_games_in_Africa" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 668, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/668-mangola/", "name": "Mangola", "native": "Mangola", "alt": [ "Mangola" ], "countries": [ "DR Congo" ], "country_codes": [ "CD" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Mancala game described as the most popular mancala in DR Congo, developed after 1911 and replacing older games.", "how_played": "Mancala game described as the most popular mancala in DR Congo, developed after 1911 and replacing older games.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of DR Congo.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Mangola_(traditional)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mancala_games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 671, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/671-danish-pin-billiards/", "name": "Danish pin billiards", "native": "Keglebillard", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Denmark" ], "country_codes": [ "DK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "A cue sport with five pins in the middle of the table; scoring is for toppling pins with the white ball.", "how_played": "A cue sport with five pins in the middle of the table; scoring is for toppling pins with the white ball.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Denmark.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_pin_billiards" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00671-danish-pin-billiards.jpg", "author": "Bryson Jack, Ministry of Information Photo Division Photographer", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Seven_Seas_Club-_Life_at_the_Merchant_Navy_Club,_Edinburgh,_Scotland,_1943_D13919.jpg" } }, { "id": 674, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/674-ladu/", "name": "Ladu", "native": "Ladu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Djibouti", "Somalia" ], "country_codes": [ "DJ", "SO" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "One of three Somali board games named by a teaching site; I could not verify its equipment or rules (the page returned 403).", "how_played": "One of three Somali board games named by a teaching site; I could not verify its equipment or rules (the page returned 403).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Djibouti, Somalia.", "sources": [ "https://study.com/academy/lesson/traditional-games-in-somalia.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00674-ladu.jpg", "author": "Anatol Svahilec", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bez_ladu_a_skladu_-_Colours_of_Ostrava_2025_2.jpg" } }, { "id": 675, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/675-layli-goobalay/", "name": "Layli Goobalay", "native": "Layli Goobalay", "alt": [ "Closing the holes" ], "countries": [ "Djibouti", "Somalia" ], "country_codes": [ "DJ", "SO" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Somali mancala dug in the ground, historically with dried camel dung as pieces.", "how_played": "Somali mancala dug in the ground, historically with dried camel dung as pieces.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Djibouti, Somalia.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Layli_Goobalay_(long_board)", "https://study.com/academy/lesson/traditional-games-in-somalia.html", "https://bandhige.com/english/layli-goobaley-the-forgotten-somali-traditional-board-game-by-muna-ahmed-omar" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 676, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/676-shax/", "name": "Shax", "native": "Shax", "alt": [ "Jar", "Shah" ], "countries": [ "Djibouti", "Somalia" ], "country_codes": [ "DJ", "SO" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Mill-style placement-then-movement game drawn on the ground; poetry and clan lore cite it.", "how_played": "Mill-style placement-then-movement game drawn on the ground; poetry and clan lore cite it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Djibouti, Somalia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shax_(board_game)", "https://people.dm.unipi.it/jama/ethno/shax.html", "https://www.academia.edu/1058620/An_introduction_to_Shax_A_Somali_game" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 678, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/678-spinning-top/", "name": "Spinning top", "native": "El Trompo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Dominican Republic", "Jamaica", "Mexico", "Guatemala", "Belize", "Honduras" ], "country_codes": [ "DO", "JM", "MX", "GT", "BZ", "HN" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "A wooden top is wound with cord, thrown to spin as long as possible or to knock others out of a ring.", "how_played": "A wooden top is wound with cord, thrown to spin as long as possible or to knock others out of a ring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico.", "sources": [ "https://educando.edu.do/portal/juegos-tradicionales-populares/", "https://www.jamrockmuseum.com/heritage/games-of-jamaica-from-street-corners-to-national-pride/", "https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/juguetes-tradicionales-mexicanos.html", "https://www.sicultura.gob.gt/juegos-tradicionales-con-charla-educativa/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00678-spinning-top.jpg", "author": "Davidturnswood", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_tough_gang_of_Spinning_Tops.jpg" } }, { "id": 679, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/679-dominoes/", "name": "Dominoes", "native": "Dominó", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Dominican Republic", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Grenada" ], "country_codes": [ "DO", "TT", "AG", "LC", "VC", "GD" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Players match tile ends from a double-six set in two- to four-player rounds, a fixture of coffeehouse tables across the Arab world.", "how_played": "Players match tile ends from a double-six set in two- to four-player rounds, a fixture of coffeehouse tables across the Arab world.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda.", "sources": [ "https://educando.edu.do/portal/juegos-tradicionales-populares/", "https://www.pagat.com/domino/line/caribbean.html", "https://www.allatsea.net/domino-effect-in-the-caribbean/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 682, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/682-hoyito/", "name": "Hoyito", "native": "Hoyito", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Dominican Republic" ], "country_codes": [ "DO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "A small two-row mancala-type sowing game; Wikipedia lists it among traditional Dominican games.", "how_played": "A small two-row mancala-type sowing game; Wikipedia lists it among traditional Dominican games.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Dominican Republic.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_the_Dominican_Republic" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 683, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/683-handkerchief-game/", "name": "Handkerchief game", "native": "Juego del Pañuelo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Dominican Republic" ], "country_codes": [ "DO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "A steal-the-bacon type children's game.", "how_played": "A steal-the-bacon type children's game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Dominican Republic.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_the_Dominican_Republic" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00683-handkerchief-game.jpg", "author": "Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952, photographer", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Children_playing_game_with_handkerchief_on_stick_in_school_yard,_Washington,_D.C._LCCN2001703698.jpg" } }, { "id": 684, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/684-street-baseball/", "name": "Street baseball", "native": "Pelota / Vitilla / Plaquita", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Dominican Republic" ], "country_codes": [ "DO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Bottle-cap-and-broomstick baseball (vitilla) and a cricket-like bat game (plaquita) played in barrios.", "how_played": "Bottle-cap-and-broomstick baseball (vitilla) and a cricket-like bat game (plaquita) played in barrios.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Dominican Republic.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_the_Dominican_Republic", "https://educando.edu.do/portal/juegos-tradicionales-populares/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 685, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/685-glass-marbles/", "name": "Glass marbles", "native": "Bolas de cristal", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ecuador" ], "country_codes": [ "EC" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Marbles.", "how_played": "Marbles.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ecuador.", "sources": [ "https://www.larepublica.ec/blog/2026/08/14/deportes-tradicionales-del-ecuador/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 688, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/688-frog-toss/", "name": "Frog toss", "native": "Rana / Sapo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ecuador" ], "country_codes": [ "EC" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Throw discs into holes of a table with a frog mouth.", "how_played": "Throw discs into holes of a table with a frog mouth.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ecuador.", "sources": [ "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapo_(juego)" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00688-frog-toss.jpg", "author": "David Berkowitz from New York, NY, USA", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Game_of_Frog_at_Chicha_Bar_in_Peru_Sacred_Valley.jpg" } }, { "id": 690, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/690-cafe-dominoes/", "name": "Cafe dominoes", "native": "Domino", "alt": [ "Domina" ], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Tile-matching game played fast in coffeehouses, often as partnerships.", "how_played": "Tile-matching game played fast in coffeehouses, often as partnerships.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00690-cafe-dominoes.jpg", "author": "No machine-readable author provided. Peng assumed (based on copyright claims).", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dominospiel.JPG" } }, { "id": 692, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/692-seega/", "name": "Seega", "native": "Seega", "alt": [ "Seejeh", "Seeza", "Siga", "Sidjah", "Cheza" ], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Placement then movement game on a small grid; capture by flanking.", "how_played": "Placement then movement game on a small grid; capture by flanking.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [ "http://www.cyningstan.com/games/513/games-of-africa", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seega", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seega_(game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 693, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/693-senet/", "name": "Senet", "native": "Senet", "alt": [ "Senet" ], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Ancient Egyptian track race using throw sticks; reconstructed rules, strong museum-icon status.", "how_played": "Ancient Egyptian track race using throw sticks; reconstructed rules, strong museum-icon status.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [ "https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/ancient-egypt-board-games" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00693-senet.jpg", "author": "Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund", "licence": "No restrictions", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gaming_Board_Inscribed_for_Amenhotep_III_with_Separate_Sliding_Drawer,_ca._1390-1353_B.C.E.,49.56a-b.jpg" } }, { "id": 694, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/694-tab/", "name": "Tab", "native": "Tab", "alt": [ "Tab wa Sidr" ], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Throw-stick race game described as Egyptian-Arabic with many variants.", "how_played": "Throw-stick race game described as Egyptian-Arabic with many variants.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [ "https://sandramajed.substack.com/p/world-of-arab-history-what-traditional" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 695, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/695-egyptian-backgammon/", "name": "Egyptian backgammon", "native": "Tawla", "alt": [ "Tawla zahr", "Mahbousa", "Shesh Besh" ], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Dice-driven race game of bearing off all checkers; the locked-piece variant mahbousa is the best-known Arab form.", "how_played": "Dice-driven race game of bearing off all checkers; the locked-piece variant mahbousa is the best-known Arab form.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Egypt.", "sources": [ "https://www.egyptindependent.com/tawla-tale-strategy/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 696, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/696-yo-yo/", "name": "Yo-yo", "native": "Yoyo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "El Salvador", "Nicaragua" ], "country_codes": [ "SV", "NI" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "String-and-disc tricks.", "how_played": "String-and-disc tricks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of El Salvador, Nicaragua.", "sources": [ "https://historico.elsalvador.com/historico/759235/videojuegos-juegos-infantiles-trompo-piscucha-yoyo-chibolas-jacks.html", "https://www.vivanicaragua.com.ni/2016/05/05/deportes/13-juegos-tradicionales-ninos/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 697, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/697-jacks/", "name": "Jacks", "native": "Jacks", "alt": [], "countries": [ "El Salvador" ], "country_codes": [ "SV" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Bounce a ball and pick up jacks one at a time before it lands.", "how_played": "Bounce a ball and pick up jacks one at a time before it lands.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of El Salvador.", "sources": [ "https://historico.elsalvador.com/historico/759235/videojuegos-juegos-infantiles-trompo-piscucha-yoyo-chibolas-jacks.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 698, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/698-local-mancala-variants/", "name": "Local mancala variants", "native": "Other mancala (Bubi/Annobon unknown)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Equatorial Guinea" ], "country_codes": [ "GQ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Traditional African mancala-family sowing game; exact local rules vary by village.", "how_played": "Traditional African mancala-family sowing game; exact local rules vary by village.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Equatorial Guinea.", "sources": [ "https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/137560/songo-ewondo" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 699, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/699-abalalae/", "name": "Abalala'e", "native": "Abalala'e / Gebeta", "alt": [ "Gebeta", "Gabata", "Abalala'e" ], "countries": [ "Eritrea" ], "country_codes": [ "ER" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "The mancala most widely played in the Eritrean highlands; the name means eating in Tigrinya.", "how_played": "The mancala most widely played in the Eritrean highlands; the name means eating in Tigrinya.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Eritrea.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Abalala'e", "https://erinoc.org/eritrean-traditional-sports/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 700, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/700-andada/", "name": "Andada", "native": "Andada", "alt": [ "Andada" ], "countries": [ "Eritrea" ], "country_codes": [ "ER" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Mancala of the Kunama of western Eritrea where the last mover wins by leaving the opponent without counters.", "how_played": "Mancala of the Kunama of western Eritrea where the last mover wins by leaving the opponent without counters.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Eritrea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andada_(game)", "https://erinoc.org/eritrean-traditional-sports/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 704, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/704-estonian-durak/", "name": "Estonian Durak", "native": "Turakas (Potkatnoi)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Estonia" ], "country_codes": [ "EE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Card games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "A Durak-like beating game with a special unbeatable spade queen.", "how_played": "A Durak-like beating game with a special unbeatable spade queen.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Estonia.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/estonia.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 705, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/705-dabuda/", "name": "Dabuda", "native": "Dabuda", "alt": [ "Dabuda I", "Dabuda II" ], "countries": [ "Ethiopia", "Djibouti" ], "country_codes": [ "ET", "DJ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Afar-people mancala described by Richard Pankhurst in 1971, in long and short board versions.", "how_played": "Afar-people mancala described by Richard Pankhurst in 1971, in long and short board versions.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ethiopia, Djibouti.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Dabuda" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 707, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/707-senterej/", "name": "Senterej", "native": "Senterej", "alt": [ "Sant'raj", "Shatranj-like" ], "countries": [ "Ethiopia", "Eritrea" ], "country_codes": [ "ET", "ER" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Regional chess variant whose opening lets each side make free moves until the first capture.", "how_played": "Regional chess variant whose opening lets each side make free moves until the first capture.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ethiopia, Eritrea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senterej" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00707-senterej.jpg", "author": "BeteAmora", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethiopian_nobles_chess.jpg" } }, { "id": 708, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/708-gebeta/", "name": "Gebeta", "native": "Gebeta / Gabata", "alt": [ "Gabata", "Gebeta" ], "countries": [ "Ethiopia" ], "country_codes": [ "ET" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Count-and-capture sowing game played on a carved board or ground pits; tied to weddings, harvest and holidays.", "how_played": "Count-and-capture sowing game played on a carved board or ground pits; tied to weddings, harvest and holidays.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ethiopia.", "sources": [ "https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/88815", "https://boardgamegeek.com/wiki/page/thing:60709", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Abalala'e" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 709, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/709-sugar-cane-spear-throwing/", "name": "Sugar-cane spear throwing", "native": "Vakadovu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Fiji" ], "country_codes": [ "FJ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Throwers stand at a distance and aim spears at a heap of cut sugar cane; first to hit wins.", "how_played": "Throwers stand at a distance and aim spears at a heap of cut sugar cane; first to hit wins. Practised on Kabara, Lau.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Fiji.", "sources": [ "https://www.fijitimes.com.fj/traditional-games-of-the-past-part-3/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 710, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/710-tree-pull-contest/", "name": "Tree-pull contest", "native": "Veileveleveti", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Fiji" ], "country_codes": [ "FJ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "One team climbs a tree while the other pulls their legs down using hands only; those up may kick.", "how_played": "One team climbs a tree while the other pulls their legs down using hands only; those up may kick.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Fiji.", "sources": [ "https://www.fijitimes.com.fj/traditional-games-of-the-past-part-3/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 711, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/711-hand-slap-game/", "name": "Hand-slap game", "native": "Veisabiliga", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Fiji" ], "country_codes": [ "FJ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Teams line up on a field; one side delivers pre-set slaps to opponents' hands and the hardest-slapped player tries to catch the slapper for a point.", "how_played": "Teams line up on a field; one side delivers pre-set slaps to opponents' hands and the hardest-slapped player tries to catch the slapper for a point.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Fiji.", "sources": [ "https://www.fijitimes.com.fj/traditional-games-of-the-past-part-3/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Fiji" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00711-hand-slap-game.jpg", "author": "Unknown author (public domain)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mushi-ken_(%E8%99%AB%E6%8B%B3),_Japanese_rock-paper-scissors_variant,_from_the_Kensarae_sumai_zue_(1809).jpg" } }, { "id": 712, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/712-fijian-tag/", "name": "Fijian tag", "native": "Veitara (veibusi, veidreu, qito he)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Fiji" ], "country_codes": [ "FJ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "the Fiji Times says it is still played by children.", "how_played": "the Fiji Times says it is still played by children.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Fiji.", "sources": [ "https://www.fijitimes.com.fj/traditional-games-of-the-past-part-3/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 713, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/713-rugby-sevens/", "name": "Rugby sevens", "native": "Village rugby sevens", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Fiji" ], "country_codes": [ "FJ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Fast seven-a-side rugby played in villages and fields; national passion with Olympic gold in 2016.", "how_played": "Fast seven-a-side rugby played in villages and fields; national passion with Olympic gold in 2016.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Fiji.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_Sevens", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Fiji" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 715, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/715-kyykka/", "name": "Kyykka", "native": "Kyykkä", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Finland" ], "country_codes": [ "FI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Throw flat bats to clear skittles from a 5x5 m square in as few throws as possible.", "how_played": "Throw flat bats to clear skittles from a 5x5 m square in as few throws as possible.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Finland.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyykk%C3%A4" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00715-kyykka.jpg", "author": "Kyykka tiedotus", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Finnish_skittles_mika_peiponen_v2.jpg" } }, { "id": 725, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/725-shinny/", "name": "Shinny", "native": "Shinny / Double ball", "alt": [ "Double ball", "Hoop and stick", "Pond hockey" ], "countries": [ "United States", "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Stick-and-ball games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Informal stick-and-ball team game on field or ice, parent of modern hockey in some narratives.", "how_played": "Informal stick-and-ball team game on field or ice, parent of modern hockey in some narratives.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Canada.", "sources": [ "https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/sports-and-leisure/native-american-games-and-contests/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00725-shinny.jpg", "author": "John Boyd", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sarnia_Shinny.jpg" } }, { "id": 730, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/730-boules-lyonnaises/", "name": "Boules lyonnaises", "native": "Boule lyonnaise", "alt": [ "Sport-boules", "Bocce volo" ], "countries": [ "France" ], "country_codes": [ "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Throw metal boules to land near the jack or knock opponent's boules away, with run-up allowed.", "how_played": "Throw metal boules to land near the jack or knock opponent's boules away, with run-up allowed.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of France.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boule_lyonnaise" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 732, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/732-kale/", "name": "Kale", "native": "Kale", "alt": [ "Kale" ], "countries": [ "Gabon" ], "country_codes": [ "GA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "A mancala game attributed to Gabon in Wikipedia's mancala list; no article or rules found.", "how_played": "A mancala game attributed to Gabon in Wikipedia's mancala list; no article or rules found.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Gabon.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mancala_games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 733, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/733-choko/", "name": "Choko", "native": "Choko", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Gambia" ], "country_codes": [ "GM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Capture game on a 5x5 board with 12 pieces each, attributed to Mandinka and Fula players in the Gambia valley.", "how_played": "Capture game on a 5x5 board with 12 pieces each, attributed to Mandinka and Fula players in the Gambia valley.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Gambia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choko_(game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 734, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/734-chidaoba/", "name": "Chidaoba", "native": "Chidaoba", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Georgia" ], "country_codes": [ "GE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Folk wrestling set to drums and wind music; UNESCO 2018.", "how_played": "Folk wrestling set to drums and wind music; UNESCO 2018.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Georgia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidaoba" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00734-chidaoba.jpg", "author": "Agência Brasil Fotografias", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lasha_Talakhadze_Rio_2016c.jpg" } }, { "id": 737, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/737-lelo-burti/", "name": "Lelo Burti", "native": "Lelo burti", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Georgia" ], "country_codes": [ "GE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Village-vs-village full-contact ball game across a field to a stream; heritage in Gurian communities.", "how_played": "Village-vs-village full-contact ball game across a field to a stream; heritage in Gurian communities.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Georgia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Georgia_(country)", "https://jam-news.net/lelo-burti-a-different-kind-of-ball-game/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelo_burti" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 740, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/740-nine-mens-morris/", "name": "Nine Men's Morris", "native": "Mühle", "alt": [ "Mill" ], "countries": [ "Germany", "Liechtenstein" ], "country_codes": [ "DE", "LI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mill and morris games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Form three in a row to remove stones; ancient game found in German pubs.", "how_played": "Form three in a row to remove stones; ancient game found in German pubs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany, Liechtenstein.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 744, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/744-dont-get-angry/", "name": "Don't Get Angry", "native": "Mensch ärgere Dich nicht", "alt": [ "Ludo" ], "countries": [ "Germany" ], "country_codes": [ "DE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Cross-and-circle race game with sent-home captures, derived from Ludo/Pachisi.", "how_played": "Cross-and-circle race game with sent-home captures, derived from Ludo/Pachisi.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensch_%C3%A4rgere_Dich_nicht" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00744-dont-get-angry.jpg", "author": "Vitavia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mensch%C3%84rgereDichNicht_Germany1929_front.jpg" } }, { "id": 747, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/747-ampe/", "name": "Ampe", "native": "Ampe", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana", "Togo" ], "country_codes": [ "GH", "TG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Children's jump-and-clap game: both players jump, clap and thrust a foot; if the feet match the leader scores.", "how_played": "Children's jump-and-clap game: both players jump, clap and thrust a foot; if the feet match the leader scores.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana, Togo.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampe_(game)", "https://www.pulse.com.gh/story/8-memorable-ghanaian-childhood-games-that-gen-z-might-not-know-about-2025040820424984719" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00747-ampe.jpg", "author": "Ohene okai", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kids_playing_Ampe_02.jpg" } }, { "id": 748, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/748-achi/", "name": "Achi", "native": "Achi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana" ], "country_codes": [ "GH" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Three-in-a-row game on a 3x3 board where pieces move after placement.", "how_played": "Three-in-a-row game on a 3x3 board where pieces move after placement.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_traditional_games_in_Africa" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 749, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/749-oware/", "name": "Oware", "native": "Oware (Akan: 'he marries')", "alt": [ "Awale", "Warri", "Adi (Ewe)", "Awele (Ga)" ], "countries": [ "Ghana" ], "country_codes": [ "GH" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Sowing and capture on a 2x6 board; the national mancala game of Ghana with strong social/onlooker culture.", "how_played": "Sowing and capture on a 2x6 board; the national mancala game of Ghana with strong social/onlooker culture.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oware", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Oware", "https://sport.interactiveatlas.org/games/oware" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00749-oware.jpg", "author": "No machine-readable author provided. Perrona assumed (based on copyright claims).", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Awale.jpg" } }, { "id": 750, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/750-pilolo/", "name": "Pilolo", "native": "Pilolo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana" ], "country_codes": [ "GH" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Children hide a small object and the others hunt for it, a Ga game mixing hide-and-seek with treasure hunt.", "how_played": "Children hide a small object and the others hunt for it, a Ga game mixing hide-and-seek with treasure hunt.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana.", "sources": [ "https://www.pulse.com.gh/story/8-memorable-ghanaian-childhood-games-that-gen-z-might-not-know-about-2025040820424984719" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 757, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/757-puluc/", "name": "Puluc", "native": "Puluc", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guatemala", "Belize" ], "country_codes": [ "GT", "BZ" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Two sides move along a track using binary stick throws; landing on an enemy piece captures it, but it must then be dragged home.", "how_played": "Two sides move along a track using binary stick throws; landing on an enemy piece captures it, but it must then be dragged home.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guatemala, Belize.", "sources": [ "https://sites.google.com/site/boardandpieces/list-of-games/puluc", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul_(game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 758, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/758-guatemalan-loteria/", "name": "Guatemalan Lotería", "native": "Lotería", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guatemala" ], "country_codes": [ "GT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Picture bingo with decks of images instead of numbers; first to complete a line or full card wins.", "how_played": "Picture bingo with decks of images instead of numbers; first to complete a line or full card wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guatemala.", "sources": [ "https://www.sicultura.gob.gt/juegos-tradicionales-con-charla-educativa/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 759, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/759-mesoamerican-ballgame/", "name": "Mesoamerican ballgame", "native": "Ulama", "alt": [ "Ulama (Mesoamerican ballgame, modern)" ], "countries": [ "Guatemala", "Mexico" ], "country_codes": [ "GT", "MX" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Heritage ballgame also linked to Maya court history.", "how_played": "Heritage ballgame also linked to Maya court history.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guatemala.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama_(game)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00759-mesoamerican-ballgame.jpg", "author": "Photograph: Manuel Aguilar-Moreno / CSULA Ulama Project", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ulama_37_(Aguilar).jpg" } }, { "id": 760, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/760-cush/", "name": "Cush", "native": "Cush", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guyana" ], "country_codes": [ "GY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Pitch metal washers at lines for button stakes.", "how_played": "Pitch metal washers at lines for button stakes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guyana.", "sources": [ "https://www.stabroeknews.com/2022/02/06/sunday/marble-games-and-buttons/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 761, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/761-rounders/", "name": "Rounders", "native": "Rounders", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guyana" ], "country_codes": [ "GY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Bat and ball.", "how_played": "Bat and ball.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guyana.", "sources": [ "https://www.stabroeknews.com/2022/02/06/sunday/marble-games-and-buttons/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00761-rounders.jpg", "author": "Shale, John F.", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Game_of_rounders_on_Christmas_Day_at_Baroona,_Glamorgan_Vale,_1913.jpg" } }, { "id": 762, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/762-hopscotch/", "name": "Hopscotch", "native": "Marèl", "alt": [ "Rayuela" ], "countries": [ "Haiti", "Honduras", "Nicaragua", "Panama", "Guyana", "Suriname", "Argentina", "Chile", "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "HT", "HN", "NI", "PA", "GY", "SR", "AR", "CL", "ES" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Throw a flat stone into a chalked grid and hop through squares without touching the stone square.", "how_played": "Throw a flat stone into a chalked grid and hop through squares without touching the stone square.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua.", "sources": [ "https://haitiantimes.com/2026/08/22/haiti-leogane-tradition/", "https://globalpressjournal.com/americas/haiti/haiti-caravan-tours-seek-revive-traditional-games-digital-age/fr/", "https://hondurassaber.com/juegos-tradicionales-de-honduras/", "https://www.vivanicaragua.com.ni/2016/05/05/deportes/13-juegos-tradicionales-ninos/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00762-hopscotch.jpg", "author": "Dave Parker", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hopscotch_in_California.jpg" } }, { "id": 763, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/763-ludo/", "name": "Ludo", "native": "Lido", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Haiti", "Jamaica", "Cameroon", "Central African Republic", "Chad", "Angola" ], "country_codes": [ "HT", "JM", "CM", "CF", "TD", "AO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Race four tokens round a cross-shaped track by dice throws, sending rivals home by landing on them; a simplified descendant of Pachisi.", "how_played": "Race four tokens round a cross-shaped track by dice throws, sending rivals home by landing on them; a simplified descendant of Pachisi.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Haiti, Jamaica, Cameroon.", "sources": [ "https://haitiantimes.com/2026/08/22/haiti-leogane-tradition/", "https://www.jamrockmuseum.com/heritage/games-of-jamaica-from-street-corners-to-national-pride/", "https://connectingjamaica.com/history-and-how-to-play-jamaican-ludo-or-ludi/", "https://www.237online.com/a-quoi-jouaient-les-camerounais-autrefois-et-aujourdhui-et-ce-que-cela-revele-sur-levolution-sociale/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00763-ludo.jpg", "author": "Micha L. Rieser", "licence": "Attribution", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludo-3.jpg" } }, { "id": 765, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/765-haitian-dominoes/", "name": "Haitian dominoes", "native": "Domino", "alt": [ "Dominos", "Dekabès" ], "countries": [ "Haiti" ], "country_codes": [ "HT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Double-six partnership game won by taking four games in a row, with a Dekabès bonus for ending on a tile matching both open ends.", "how_played": "Double-six partnership game won by taking four games in a row, with a Dekabès bonus for ending on a tile matching both open ends.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Haiti.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/haiti.html", "https://www.pagat.com/domino/line/caribbean.html", "https://haitiantimes.com/2026/08/22/haiti-leogane-tradition/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 767, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/767-kay-mancala/", "name": "Kay mancala", "native": "Kay (Kay / Warri)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Haiti" ], "country_codes": [ "HT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Two-row mancala game reportedly played for generations; also called Warri in parts of Haiti.", "how_played": "Two-row mancala game reportedly played for generations; also called Warri in parts of Haiti.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Haiti.", "sources": [ "https://haitiantimes.com/2026/08/22/haiti-leogane-tradition/", "https://globalpressjournal.com/americas/haiti/haiti-caravan-tours-seek-revive-traditional-games-digital-age/fr/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 768, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/768-rope-skipping-tops-marbles/", "name": "Rope skipping, tops, marbles", "native": "Sote kòd / Ralba / Teke mab", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Haiti" ], "country_codes": [ "HT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Child street games revived at community events.", "how_played": "Child street games revived at community events.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Haiti.", "sources": [ "https://haitiantimes.com/2026/08/22/haiti-leogane-tradition/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 769, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/769-kite-flying/", "name": "Kite flying", "native": "Barrilete", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Honduras" ], "country_codes": [ "HN" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Fly homemade kites.", "how_played": "Fly homemade kites.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Honduras.", "sources": [ "https://hondurassaber.com/juegos-tradicionales-de-honduras/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00769-kite-flying.jpg", "author": "Kritzolina", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kite_flying_over_Pasing_04.jpg" } }, { "id": 770, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/770-enchute/", "name": "Enchute", "native": "Enchute", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Honduras" ], "country_codes": [ "HN" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Throwing game named in roundups.", "how_played": "Throwing game named in roundups.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Honduras.", "sources": [ "https://hondurassaber.com/juegos-tradicionales-de-honduras/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 771, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/771-pai-gow/", "name": "Pai gow", "native": "牌九 Paai gau", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Players split four dominoes into a front and back hand and beat the banker's two hands.", "how_played": "Players split four dominoes into a front and back hand and beat the banker's two hands.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pai_gow", "https://wizardofmacau.com/en/games/mahjongpaigow" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 772, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/772-hong-kong-mahjong/", "name": "Hong Kong mahjong", "native": "麻雀 Máhjoek (Hong Kong style)", "alt": [ "Old Hong Kong mahjong" ], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Cantonese mahjong with 13-tile hands, fan-based scoring and 144 tiles including flowers.", "how_played": "Cantonese mahjong with 13-tile hands, fan-based scoring and 144 tiles including flowers.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahjong_culture" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 773, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/773-tien-gow/", "name": "Tien gow", "native": "天九 Tin gau", "alt": [ "Tin Kau", "Heaven nine" ], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Four-player Chinese dominoes game using 32 tiles in a trick-like structure.", "how_played": "Four-player Chinese dominoes game using 32 tiles in a trick-like structure.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://learnplaywin.net/asian-domino-game/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 778, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/778-hungarian-dominoes/", "name": "Hungarian dominoes", "native": "Magyar dominó", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Hungary" ], "country_codes": [ "HU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Traditional domino games with a 45-tile set.", "how_played": "Traditional domino games with a 45-tile set.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Hungary.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/hungary.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 788, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/788-kite-fighting/", "name": "Kite fighting", "native": "Patang Baazi (Kite fighting)", "alt": [ "Kite flying", "Manja" ], "countries": [ "India", "Pakistan", "Afghanistan" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "PK", "AF" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Fliers use abrasive-coated string to cut rivals' kites mid-air, then chase the fallen kites; huge around festival days.", "how_played": "Fliers use abrasive-coated string to cut rivals' kites mid-air, then chase the fallen kites; huge around festival days.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Pakistan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Afghanistan" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 789, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/789-kabaddi/", "name": "Kabaddi", "native": "Kabaddi", "alt": [ "Hu-tu-tu", "Chedugudu (South)" ], "countries": [ "India", "Pakistan", "Bangladesh", "Nepal" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "PK", "BD", "NP" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "A raider crosses into the other half, tags defenders and returns on one breath while chanting; teams of seven.", "how_played": "A raider crosses into the other half, tags defenders and returns on one breath while chanting; teams of seven.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://www.prokabaddi.com/news/pro-kabaddi-league-season-10-viewership-continues-to-soar-on-star-sports-network", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_India", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Pakistan" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00789-kabaddi.jpg", "author": "Amir Hosseini", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iran_men%27s_national_kabaddi_team_13970602000432636707284535394012_98208.jpg" } }, { "id": 791, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/791-lambs-and-tigers/", "name": "Lambs and Tigers", "native": "Aadu Puli Attam", "alt": [ "Puli Meka", "Goats and Tigers", "Aadu Puli Attam" ], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Hunt game: three tigers versus up to fifteen goats on a triangle-and-lines board.", "how_played": "Hunt game: three tigers versus up to fifteen goats on a triangle-and-lines board.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambs_and_tigers" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 793, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/793-gilli-danda/", "name": "Gilli-Danda", "native": "Gilli-Danda", "alt": [ "Gulli Danda" ], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Strike a small tapered stick with a larger one, then hit it far and avoid it being caught.", "how_played": "Strike a small tapered stick with a larger one, then hit it far and avoid it being caught.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_India", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Pakistan" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00793-gilli-danda.jpg", "author": "Srvyadav", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jgp_gilli_danda.jpg" } }, { "id": 796, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/796-snakes-and-ladders/", "name": "Snakes and Ladders", "native": "Moksha Patam / Saap Seedhi", "alt": [ "Gyan Chaupar", "Saanp Seedhi" ], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Dice race up a numbered grid, with ladders to climb and snakes to slide down.", "how_played": "Dice race up a numbered grid, with ladders to climb and snakes to slide down.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_traditional_games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 797, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/797-pachisi/", "name": "Pachisi", "native": "Pachisi / Chaupar (Ludo)", "alt": [ "Chaupar", "Chausar", "Ludo" ], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Cross-shaped race game moved by cowrie or dice throws; its descendant Ludo is the household version.", "how_played": "Cross-shaped race game moved by cowrie or dice throws; its descendant Ludo is the household version.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_traditional_games", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Afghanistan" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 798, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/798-pallanguzhi/", "name": "Pallanguzhi", "native": "Pallanguzhi", "alt": [ "Pallankuzhi", "Vamana Guntalu", "Kuzhipara" ], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Mancala sowing game on a 14-pit board with shells or seeds, played at home in the south.", "how_played": "Mancala sowing game on a 14-pit board with shells or seeds, played at home in the south.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzhipara" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00798-pallanguzhi.jpg", "author": "Fotokannan", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pallanguzhi.JPG" } }, { "id": 802, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/802-sepak-takraw/", "name": "Sepak takraw", "native": "Sepak Takraw", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia", "Malaysia", "Brunei", "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "ID", "MY", "BN", "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Circle or net game with a rattan ball played with feet and head; Malacca origins cited around the 15th century.", "how_played": "Circle or net game with a rattan ball played with feet and head; Malacca origins cited around the 15th century.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Indonesia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepak_takraw", "https://heritage.gov.my/en/pengenalan-cawangan-adat-budaya/permainan-tradisi.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Brunei" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00802-sepak-takraw.jpg", "author": "Republic of Korea from Seoul, Republic of Korea", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Incheon_AsianGames_Sepaktakraw_09_(15291705581).jpg" } }, { "id": 803, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/803-congklak/", "name": "Congklak", "native": "Congklak (Dakon)", "alt": [ "Dakon", "Congkak" ], "countries": [ "Indonesia", "Malaysia", "Brunei" ], "country_codes": [ "ID", "MY", "BN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Malay mancala board with 14 houses and 2 stores, played with shells; considered the Malay member of the mancala family.", "how_played": "Malay mancala board with 14 houses and 2 stores, played with shells; considered the Malay member of the mancala family. Wikipedia notes it was featured on Malaysia's second-series 10 sen coin.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_in_Indonesia", "https://heritage.gov.my/en/pengenalan-cawangan-adat-budaya/permainan-tradisi.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congkak", "https://malaysiafact.com/malaysia-traditional-games/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00803-congklak.jpg", "author": "Tropenmuseum", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Speelbord_voor_mancala_spel_TMnr_1585-120a.jpg" } }, { "id": 804, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/804-gaple-dominoes/", "name": "Gaple dominoes", "native": "Gaple", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Domino matching game with a 28-tile set, played in warungs and at night watches; strongly social.", "how_played": "Domino matching game with a 28-tile set, played in warungs and at night watches; strongly social.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 805, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/805-madura-bull-racing/", "name": "Madura bull racing", "native": "Karapan Sapi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Pairs of bulls race pulling a wooden sled.", "how_played": "Pairs of bulls race pulling a wooden sled.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Indonesia" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00805-madura-bull-racing.jpg", "author": "No machine-readable author provided. Bennylin assumed (based on copyright claims).", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Madura_bull_racing_1999-cropped.jpeg" } }, { "id": 810, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/810-chogan/", "name": "Chogan", "native": "Chogan", "alt": [ "Chovgan" ], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Stick-and-ball games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Ancient horseback ball-and-mallet game from Iran, ancestor of polo.", "how_played": "Ancient horseback ball-and-mallet game from Iran, ancestor of polo.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Iran" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00810-chogan.jpg", "author": "Andreas Polo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varsity_Polo_2013.jpg" } }, { "id": 812, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/812-flower-or-empty/", "name": "Flower or Empty", "native": "Gol ya pooch", "alt": [ "Gol ya Pouch" ], "countries": [ "Iran" ], "country_codes": [ "IR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Teams hide a small object in a fist while the other team guesses; similar to Mheibes.", "how_played": "Teams hide a small object in a fist while the other team guesses; similar to Mheibes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iran.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol_ya_pooch" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00812-flower-or-empty.jpg", "author": "Amir sibil", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gol_ya_Pooch_Game_Ready_Fists_Iran.jpg" } }, { "id": 815, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/815-tawla/", "name": "Tawla", "native": "Tawla", "alt": [ "Nard", "Shesh Besh" ], "countries": [ "Iraq", "Syria", "Jordan", "Yemen" ], "country_codes": [ "IQ", "SY", "JO", "YE" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Two players race fifteen checkers around a twenty-four point board using dice, hitting blots and bearing off.", "how_played": "Two players race fifteen checkers around a twenty-four point board using dice, hitting blots and bearing off.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iraq, Syria, Jordan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backgammon" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 816, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/816-tarneeb/", "name": "Tarneeb", "native": "Tarneeb", "alt": [ "Tarnib" ], "countries": [ "Iraq", "Syria", "Lebanon", "Jordan", "Palestine", "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "IQ", "SY", "LB", "JO", "PS", "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Card games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Four players in two teams bid for the right to name trumps, then must take at least their bid in tricks.", "how_played": "Four players in two teams bid for the right to name trumps, then must take at least their bid in tricks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarneeb", "https://kaleela.com/en/blog/deal-me-in-arab-card-games/", "https://sandramajed.substack.com/p/world-of-arab-history-what-traditional", "https://www.pagat.com/national/egypt.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00816-tarneeb.jpg", "author": "Klaus Köpplinger ( koeppiK )", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bridge_boards_box.jpg" } }, { "id": 817, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/817-royal-game-of-ur/", "name": "Royal Game of Ur", "native": "Royal Game of Ur", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iraq" ], "country_codes": [ "IQ" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Ancient Mesopotamian race game revived from tablets.", "how_played": "Ancient Mesopotamian race game revived from tablets.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iraq.", "sources": [ "https://sandramajed.substack.com/p/world-of-arab-history-what-traditional" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00817-royal-game-of-ur.jpg", "author": "Unknown author (public domain)", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:British_Museum_Royal_Game_of_Ur.jpg" } }, { "id": 819, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/819-road-bowling/", "name": "Road bowling", "native": "Bol Chumann na hÉireann / Road Bowling", "alt": [ "Bullets", "Irish road bowling" ], "countries": [ "Ireland" ], "country_codes": [ "IE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Throw a 28 oz iron ball along country roads in fewest throws; Cork and Armagh strongholds.", "how_played": "Throw a 28 oz iron ball along country roads in fewest throws; Cork and Armagh strongholds.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ireland.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_bowling" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00819-road-bowling.jpg", "author": "Dennisleussink", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Road_Bowling.jpg" } }, { "id": 821, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/821-hurling/", "name": "Hurling", "native": "Iomáint / Hurling", "alt": [ "Camogie" ], "countries": [ "Ireland" ], "country_codes": [ "IE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Stick-and-ball games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Fast stick-and-ball field game, one of the oldest field games in Europe; GAA national sport.", "how_played": "Fast stick-and-ball field game, one of the oldest field games in Europe; GAA national sport.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ireland.", "sources": [], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00821-hurling.jpg", "author": "Seaninryan", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:David_Collins_and_Eoin_Kelly_(Tipperary).jpg" } }, { "id": 822, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/822-pitch-and-toss/", "name": "Pitch and toss", "native": "Pitch and Toss", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ireland" ], "country_codes": [ "IE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Coin-pitching game toward a mark or line with side bets; traditional at fairs and crossroads.", "how_played": "Coin-pitching game toward a mark or line with side bets; traditional at fairs and crossroads.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ireland.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 825, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/825-matkot/", "name": "Matkot", "native": "Matkot", "alt": [ "Matkot" ], "countries": [ "Israel" ], "country_codes": [ "IL" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Two players rally a hard rubber ball with wooden paddles; cooperative, no points.", "how_played": "Two players rally a hard rubber ball with wooden paddles; cooperative, no points.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Israel.", "sources": [ "https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2016/06/08/israels-beachside-ball-game/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 826, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/826-rummikub/", "name": "Rummikub", "native": "Rummikub", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Israel" ], "country_codes": [ "IL" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Tile rummy invented by Ephraim Hertzano.", "how_played": "Tile rummy invented by Ephraim Hertzano.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Israel.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rummikub" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00826-rummikub.jpg", "author": "ryan harvey", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rummikub_Tiles.jpg" } }, { "id": 829, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/829-tombola/", "name": "Tombola", "native": "Tombola", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy", "Malta" ], "country_codes": [ "IT", "MT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Players mark numbers on cards as they are drawn from a bag, racing to complete a line or the full card, run at parish and club events.", "how_played": "Players mark numbers on cards as they are drawn from a bag, racing to complete a line or the full card, run at parish and club events.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy, Malta.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombola_(game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 830, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/830-bocce/", "name": "Bocce", "native": "Bocce", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy", "San Marino" ], "country_codes": [ "IT", "SM" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Roll balls toward the pallino on a sand lane; world federation exists.", "how_played": "Roll balls toward the pallino on a sand lane; world federation exists.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy, San Marino.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocce" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00830-bocce.jpg", "author": "Jesse Kornblum", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steve_Mariucci_Coach_Mooch_Battle_of_the_Bay_Charity_Bocce_2026_05.jpg" } }, { "id": 832, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/832-scopa/", "name": "Scopa", "native": "Scopa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy", "San Marino" ], "country_codes": [ "IT", "SM" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Card games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Capture table cards with matching values, sweeping for a point; the classic Italian family card game.", "how_played": "Capture table cards with matching values, sweeping for a point; the classic Italian family card game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy, San Marino.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/italy.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 834, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/834-italian-draughts/", "name": "Italian draughts", "native": "Dama italiana", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "8x8 draughts where men cannot capture kings; played in clubs with a federation.", "how_played": "8x8 draughts where men cannot capture kings; played in clubs with a federation.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy.", "sources": [], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00834-italian-draughts.jpg", "author": "No machine-readable author provided. Jatroce~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Damiera.JPG" } }, { "id": 837, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/837-akedewama/", "name": "Akedewama", "native": "Akedewama (Spider game)", "alt": [ "Akêdêwama" ], "countries": [ "Cote d'Ivoire" ], "country_codes": [ "CI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Agni and Baoule three-in-a-row game on a four-sided board with a central point.", "how_played": "Agni and Baoule three-in-a-row game on a four-sided board with a central point.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cote d'Ivoire.", "sources": [ "https://www.aip.ci/cote-divoire-aip-le-ministere-du-tourisme-et-des-loisirs-fait-decouvrir-de-nombreux-jeux-traditionnels-ivoiriens-aux-populations-de-divo-et-de-guitry/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 838, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/838-duo/", "name": "Duo", "native": "Duo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cote d'Ivoire" ], "country_codes": [ "CI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Alignment and connection games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Two players move 11 sticks each on a rectangular board to line them up while blocking the opponent.", "how_played": "Two players move 11 sticks each on a rectangular board to line them up while blocking the opponent.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cote d'Ivoire.", "sources": [ "https://www.aip.ci/cote-divoire-aip-le-ministere-du-tourisme-et-des-loisirs-fait-decouvrir-de-nombreux-jeux-traditionnels-ivoiriens-aux-populations-de-divo-et-de-guitry/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 839, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/839-fohr/", "name": "Fohr", "native": "Fohr (hidden-piece guessing game)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cote d'Ivoire" ], "country_codes": [ "CI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "One player hides a piece in a closed hand and the opponent guesses which, moving counters along rings.", "how_played": "One player hides a piece in a closed hand and the opponent guesses which, moving counters along rings.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cote d'Ivoire.", "sources": [ "https://www.aip.ci/cote-divoire-aip-le-ministere-du-tourisme-et-des-loisirs-fait-decouvrir-de-nombreux-jeux-traditionnels-ivoiriens-aux-populations-de-divo-et-de-guitry/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 840, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/840-kikouri/", "name": "Kikouri", "native": "Kikouri", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cote d'Ivoire" ], "country_codes": [ "CI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "A game from Gagnoa played with sticks on a simple board to build concentration.", "how_played": "A game from Gagnoa played with sticks on a simple board to build concentration.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cote d'Ivoire.", "sources": [ "https://www.aip.ci/cote-divoire-aip-le-ministere-du-tourisme-et-des-loisirs-fait-decouvrir-de-nombreux-jeux-traditionnels-ivoiriens-aux-populations-de-divo-et-de-guitry/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 841, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/841-jamaican-dominoes/", "name": "Jamaican dominoes", "native": "Dominoes (Partner / Cut-Throat / French)", "alt": [ "Six Love" ], "countries": [ "Jamaica" ], "country_codes": [ "JM" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Slam-down partner dominoes with trash talk; also solo Cut-Throat; played in rum shops and world tournaments.", "how_played": "Slam-down partner dominoes with trash talk; also solo Cut-Throat; played in rum shops and world tournaments.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Jamaica.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/jamaica.html", "https://www.jamrockmuseum.com/heritage/games-of-jamaica-from-street-corners-to-national-pride/", "https://www.pagat.com/domino/line/caribbean.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 842, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/842-jacks-dandy-shandy-ring-games/", "name": "Jacks, Dandy Shandy, ring games", "native": "Jacks / Dandy Shandy / Ring games", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Jamaica" ], "country_codes": [ "JM" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Playground games: scoop jacks, dodge the ball, sing in a ring.", "how_played": "Playground games: scoop jacks, dodge the ball, sing in a ring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Jamaica.", "sources": [ "https://www.jamrockmuseum.com/heritage/games-of-jamaica-from-street-corners-to-national-pride/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 847, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/847-gomoku-and-renju/", "name": "Gomoku and Renju", "native": "五目並べ Gomoku / 連珠 Renju", "alt": [ "Five in a row" ], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Alignment and connection games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Players alternate placing stones to get five in a row; Renju adds restrictions on the first player to keep balance.", "how_played": "Players alternate placing stones to get five in a row; Renju adds restrictions on the first player to keep balance.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomoku" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00847-gomoku-and-renju.jpg", "author": "Matěj Baťha", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Renju.jpg" } }, { "id": 849, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/849-hasami-shogi/", "name": "Hasami shogi", "native": "はさみ将棋 Hasami shōgi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Single-type pieces move like rooks and capture by sandwiching an enemy piece between two of your own.", "how_played": "Single-type pieces move like rooks and capture by sandwiching an enemy piece between two of your own.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasami_shogi" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00849-hasami-shogi.jpg", "author": "Ihardlythinkso", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hasami_Shogi_9x9_init_config.png" } }, { "id": 850, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/850-kendama/", "name": "Kendama", "native": "けん玉 Kendama", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "A handle with a ball on a string; players toss the ball and catch it on the spike or in the cups, building tricks.", "how_played": "A handle with a ball on a string; players toss the ball and catch it on the spike or in the cups, building tricks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendama" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00850-kendama.jpg", "author": "Gallaz63", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kendama_toy.jpg" } }, { "id": 851, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/851-riichi-mahjong/", "name": "Riichi mahjong", "native": "麻雀 Mājan (riichi)", "alt": [ "Japanese mahjong" ], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Mahjong with a riichi declaration that stakes 1,000 points for a closed hand, plus dora bonus tiles and furiten rules.", "how_played": "Mahjong with a riichi declaration that stakes 1,000 points for a closed hand, plus dora bonus tiles and furiten rules.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_mahjong", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahjong_culture" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00851-riichi-mahjong.jpg", "author": "Tairagi Makoto", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riichi_Mahjong_real_autotable_session.jpg" } }, { "id": 852, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/852-shogi/", "name": "Shogi", "native": "将棋 Shōgi", "alt": [ "Japanese chess" ], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Chess-like game on a 9x9 board in which captured pieces can be dropped back onto the board by the captor.", "how_played": "Chess-like game on a 9x9 board in which captured pieces can be dropped back onto the board by the captor.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://www.statista.com/statistics/1338888/japan-shogi-participation-rate/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Shogi_Association" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00852-shogi.jpg", "author": "Oliver Orschiedt", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shogi_board_pieces_and_komadai.jpg" } }, { "id": 854, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/854-durak/", "name": "Durak", "native": "Durak", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kazakhstan", "Turkmenistan", "Armenia", "Azerbaijan", "Georgia", "Latvia" ], "country_codes": [ "KZ", "TM", "AM", "AZ", "GE", "LV" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Card games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Russia's national card game: attack, defend, pile on cards, and avoid being the last holder.", "how_played": "Russia's national card game: attack, defend, pile on cards, and avoid being the last holder.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Armenia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durak", "https://www.pagat.com/national/armenia.html", "https://www.onelowerlight.com/writing/life-in-georgia-is-like-a-game-of-backgammon/", "https://www.pagat.com/national/ukraine.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00854-durak.jpg", "author": "Gzhegozh", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Russian_card_game_Durak.jpg" } }, { "id": 855, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/855-rope-pulling/", "name": "Rope pulling", "native": "Arkan tartys", "alt": [ "Tug of war", "also known as tug o' war", "tug-a-war", "tug war", "rope war", "rope pulling", "or tugging war" ], "countries": [ "Kazakhstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Two teams pull on a rope across a line, a tug-of-war form listed among traditional Kazakh games.", "how_played": "Two teams pull on a rope across a line, a tug-of-war form listed among traditional Kazakh games.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kazakhstan.", "sources": [ "https://central-asia.guide/kazakhstan/kazakh-culture/kazakh-games/", "https://welcome.kz/en/kazakhstan/national-games", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tug_of_war" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00855-rope-pulling.jpg", "author": "National Library NZ on The Commons", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Mary%27s_Auxilary_Army_Corps_tug-o-war,_3_August_1918_(cropped).jpg" } }, { "id": 856, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/856-asyk-atu/", "name": "Asyk Atu", "native": "Asyq atu", "alt": [ "Asyk", "Asyq" ], "countries": [ "Kazakhstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Players flick or throw a heavy ankle bone to knock opponents' bones out of a line or ring, and keep what they hit.", "how_played": "Players flick or throw a heavy ankle bone to knock opponents' bones out of a line or ring, and keep what they hit.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kazakhstan.", "sources": [ "https://central-asia.guide/kazakhstan/kazakh-culture/kazakh-games/", "https://welcome.kz/en/kazakhstan/national-games", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knucklebones" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 857, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/857-kokpar/", "name": "Kokpar", "native": "Kokpar", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kazakhstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Mounted teams fight to carry a goat carcass into the opposing goal; an official sport with national federations.", "how_played": "Mounted teams fight to carry a goat carcass into the opposing goal; an official sport with national federations.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kazakhstan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzkashi", "https://central-asia.guide/kazakhstan/kazakh-culture/kazakh-games/", "https://welcome.kz/en/kazakhstan/national-games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 858, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/858-kyz-kuu/", "name": "Kyz Kuu", "native": "Kyz kuu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kazakhstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "A boy on horseback chases a girl who may whip him if caught; played at festivals and weddings.", "how_played": "A boy on horseback chases a girl who may whip him if caught; played at festivals and weddings.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kazakhstan.", "sources": [ "https://central-asia.guide/kazakhstan/kazakh-culture/kazakh-games/", "https://welcome.kz/en/kazakhstan/national-games" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00858-kyz-kuu.jpg", "author": "SSGT JEREMY T. LOCK", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Catchthegirl.JPG" } }, { "id": 859, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/859-togyz-kumalak/", "name": "Togyz Kumalak", "native": "Togyzqumalaq", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kazakhstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Two players sow pebbles around two rows of nine pits and capture even-numbered pits and a special tuzdyk pit; first to a majority of the 162 stones wins.", "how_played": "Two players sow pebbles around two rows of nine pits and capture even-numbered pits and a special tuzdyk pit; first to a majority of the 162 stones wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kazakhstan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togyzkumalak", "https://burabai.kz/kazakhstan/kazakh-national-games-traditional-sports-cultural-heritage/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 860, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/860-kati/", "name": "Kati", "native": "Kati", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kenya", "South Africa" ], "country_codes": [ "KE", "ZA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Rope-skipping game, official indigenous games code.", "how_played": "Rope-skipping game, official indigenous games code.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya, South Africa.", "sources": [ "https://vocal.media/writers/top-games-kenyans-love-sr1nl0yxu", "https://www.dsac.gov.za/2023-Indigenous-Games-Festival", "https://www.sacr.fs.gov.za/?p=3266" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00860-kati.jpg", "author": "Sillerkiil", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kati_Aus_at_the_Opinion_Festival_2022_in_Paide,_Estonia.jpg" } }, { "id": 861, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/861-bao-la-kiswahili/", "name": "Bao la Kiswahili", "native": "Bao", "alt": [ "Bao" ], "countries": [ "Kenya", "Tanzania" ], "country_codes": [ "KE", "TZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Complex Swahili mancala from the coast with a hands-on mastery culture.", "how_played": "Complex Swahili mancala from the coast with a hands-on mastery culture.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya, Tanzania.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_(game)", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Bao_la_Kiswahili", "https://www.tanzania-experience.com/blog/bao-traditional-board-game/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 862, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/862-blada/", "name": "Blada", "native": "Blada", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kenya" ], "country_codes": [ "KE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Elastic-band jumping routines.", "how_played": "Elastic-band jumping routines.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya.", "sources": [ "https://vocal.media/writers/top-games-kenyans-love-sr1nl0yxu" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 863, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/863-highland-and-river-mancalas/", "name": "Highland and river mancalas", "native": "Giuthi / Kiothi / Mbothe", "alt": [ "Giuthi", "Kiothi", "Mbothe" ], "countries": [ "Kenya" ], "country_codes": [ "KE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Local mancala forms of Kikuyu/Embu, Meru and Pokomo.", "how_played": "Local mancala forms of Kikuyu/Embu, Meru and Pokomo.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Giuthi", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbothe", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiothi", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuthi" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 865, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/865-shisima/", "name": "Shisima", "native": "Shisima", "alt": [ "Water bug game" ], "countries": [ "Kenya" ], "country_codes": [ "KE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Alignment and connection games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Three-piece octagon board game of the Luhya, similar to tic-tac-toe with moving pieces.", "how_played": "Three-piece octagon board game of the Luhya, similar to tic-tac-toe with moving pieces.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shisima", "https://www.globalexplorersclub.com/shisima-a-three-in-a-row-game-from-kenya/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 866, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/866-gilbert-islands-string-figures/", "name": "Gilbert Islands string figures", "native": "String figures", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kiribati" ], "country_codes": [ "KI" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "how_played": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kiribati.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 867, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/867-white-cloth/", "name": "White Cloth", "native": "Ak-cholmok", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kyrgyzstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KG" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Teams try to seize a central object without being tagged.", "how_played": "Teams try to seize a central object without being tagged.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kyrgyzstan.", "sources": [ "https://central-asia.guide/kyrgyzstan/kyrgyz-culture/kyrgyz-games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_World_Nomad_Games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 868, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/868-alchik/", "name": "Alchik", "native": "Alchik (Chuko)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kyrgyzstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KG" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Knee-bone throwing game to knock the opponent's pieces out of a row or ring.", "how_played": "Knee-bone throwing game to knock the opponent's pieces out of a row or ring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kyrgyzstan.", "sources": [ "https://central-asia.guide/kyrgyzstan/kyrgyz-culture/kyrgyz-games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_World_Nomad_Games", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knucklebones" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 869, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/869-besh-tash/", "name": "Besh Tash", "native": "Besh-tash", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kyrgyzstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KG" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Toss one stone and grab others before catching it, a five-stones toss and catch game.", "how_played": "Toss one stone and grab others before catching it, a five-stones toss and catch game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kyrgyzstan.", "sources": [ "https://central-asia.guide/kyrgyzstan/kyrgyz-culture/kyrgyz-games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_World_Nomad_Games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 870, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/870-ordo/", "name": "Ordo", "native": "Ordo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kyrgyzstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KG" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Players throw bones to knock a target bone out of a circle.", "how_played": "Players throw bones to knock a target bone out of a circle.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kyrgyzstan.", "sources": [ "https://central-asia.guide/kyrgyzstan/kyrgyz-culture/kyrgyz-games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_World_Nomad_Games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 871, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/871-toguz-korgool/", "name": "Toguz Korgool", "native": "Toguz korgool", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kyrgyzstan" ], "country_codes": [ "KG" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Nine-pit mancala with a tuzdyk capture, the same game as Togyzqumalaq.", "how_played": "Nine-pit mancala with a tuzdyk capture, the same game as Togyzqumalaq.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kyrgyzstan.", "sources": [ "https://central-asia.guide/kyrgyzstan/kyrgyz-culture/kyrgyz-games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_World_Nomad_Games", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togyzkumalak", "https://burabai.kz/kazakhstan/kazakh-national-games-traditional-sports-cultural-heritage/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00871-toguz-korgool.jpg", "author": "Arthoum", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB.jpg" } }, { "id": 872, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/872-petanque/", "name": "Petanque", "native": "Petong (Petanque)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Laos", "France", "Monaco" ], "country_codes": [ "LA", "FR", "MC" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Toss metal balls toward a jack, French-origin and favourite Lao pastime.", "how_played": "Toss metal balls toward a jack, French-origin and favourite Lao pastime.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Laos, France, Monaco.", "sources": [ "http://thingsasian.com/story/p%C3%A9tanque-popular-game-laos.html", "https://aseantourism.travel/petong-sports-heritage-in-laos/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 873, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/873-kataw/", "name": "Kataw", "native": "Kataw (Sepak Takraw)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Laos" ], "country_codes": [ "LA" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Most popular sport per sources; net game with rattan ball.", "how_played": "Most popular sport per sources; net game with rattan ball.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Laos.", "sources": [ "https://www.golaos.tours/laos-traditional-games-popular-sports/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepak_takraw" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 874, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/874-pebbles/", "name": "Pebbles", "native": "Mak Kep / Kator", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Laos" ], "country_codes": [ "LA" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Lao version of stone toss and pick-up, played by children.", "how_played": "Lao version of stone toss and pick-up, played by children.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Laos.", "sources": [], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00874-pebbles.jpg", "author": "Francis Marion Pebbles", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Francis_Marion_Pebbles_-_88f4193bde.jpg" } }, { "id": 875, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/875-lao-chess/", "name": "Lao chess", "native": "Mak Ruk (Lao chess)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Laos" ], "country_codes": [ "LA" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Lao form of the Makruk-family chess; rules follow the Thai game closely.", "how_played": "Lao form of the Makruk-family chess; rules follow the Thai game closely.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Laos.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makruk" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 876, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/876-tikhi/", "name": "Tikhi", "native": "Tikhi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Laos" ], "country_codes": [ "LA" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Stick-and-ball games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "A hockey-like stick game played between villagers and civil servants at the That Luang festival.", "how_played": "A hockey-like stick game played between villagers and civil servants at the That Luang festival.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Laos.", "sources": [ "https://www.traditionalsports.org/traditional-sports/asia/tikhy-laos.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 880, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/880-tawle/", "name": "Tawle", "native": "Tawle", "alt": [ "Shesh Besh" ], "countries": [ "Lebanon", "Palestine" ], "country_codes": [ "LB", "PS" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Two players race fifteen checkers around a 24-point board with dice, a cafe and seafront staple.", "how_played": "Two players race fifteen checkers around a 24-point board with dice, a cafe and seafront staple.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lebanon, Palestine.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backgammon", "https://sandramajed.substack.com/p/world-of-arab-history-what-traditional" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 881, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/881-umlabalaba/", "name": "Umlabalaba", "native": "Umlabalaba", "alt": [ "Zulu chess", "Morabaraba (Twelve Cows)", "Mlabalaba" ], "countries": [ "Lesotho", "Eswatini", "South Africa", "Botswana" ], "country_codes": [ "LS", "SZ", "ZA", "BW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mill and morris games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Mill-style cattle capture game, stated as most popular board game in Lesotho, Swaziland and KwaZulu-Natal.", "how_played": "Mill-style cattle capture game, stated as most popular board game in Lesotho, Swaziland and KwaZulu-Natal.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lesotho, Eswatini.", "sources": [ "https://www.ulwaziprogramme.org/umlabalaba/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morabaraba", "https://www.dsac.gov.za/2023-Indigenous-Games-Festival", "https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/24062", "https://eu.aimint.org/resources/lesotho-shepherds-morabaraba-board-game/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 882, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/882-mashonisa/", "name": "Mashonisa", "native": "Mashonisa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lesotho" ], "country_codes": [ "LS" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Named as a traditional Basotho game at a 2025 heritage tour; details not verified.", "how_played": "Named as a traditional Basotho game at a 2025 heritage tour; details not verified.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lesotho.", "sources": [ "https://lesotho.co.ls/2025/05/hrh-princess-senate-mohato-seeisos-shoeshoe-ea-moshoeshoe-initiative-continues-with-traditional-games-tour-at-pitseng-high-school/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 884, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/884-poo/", "name": "Poo", "native": "Poo", "alt": [ "Pu" ], "countries": [ "Liberia" ], "country_codes": [ "LR" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "A Liberian sowing game listed in a mancala catalog; details vary by community.", "how_played": "A Liberian sowing game listed in a mancala catalog; details vary by community.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Liberia.", "sources": [ "https://gambiter.com/mancala/List_mancala_games.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 885, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/885-queah/", "name": "Queah", "native": "Queah", "alt": [ "Liberian Queah" ], "countries": [ "Liberia" ], "country_codes": [ "LR" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Players jump and capture on a printed square board, much like draughts.", "how_played": "Players jump and capture on a printed square board, much like draughts.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Liberia.", "sources": [ "https://lessonplans.craftgossip.com/play-a-traditional-liberian-strategy-game/", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queah.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01325-liberian-queah.jpg", "author": "Zákupák", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queah.jpg" } }, { "id": 887, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/887-maghrebi-5x5-capture-game/", "name": "Maghrebi 5x5 capture game", "native": "Siga/Kharbga", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Libya" ], "country_codes": [ "LY" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Two-player capture game on a 5x5 diagonal-line grid, drawn in sand or chalk; kinged pieces move freely.", "how_played": "Two-player capture game on a 5x5 diagonal-line grid, drawn in sand or chalk; kinged pieces move freely.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Libya.", "sources": [ "https://greekcitytimes.com/2026/04/27/ptolemais-game-boards-libya-greek" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 894, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/894-lithuanian-durak-variants/", "name": "Lithuanian Durak variants", "native": "Durnius / Kopšas / Vežimas", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lithuania" ], "country_codes": [ "LT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Card games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Three local Durak-family beating games; Kopšas matches Podkidnoy and Vežimas matches Prostoy Durak.", "how_played": "Three local Durak-family beating games; Kopšas matches Podkidnoy and Vežimas matches Prostoy Durak.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lithuania.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/lithuania.html", "https://carryontheflame.blogspot.com/2018/10/durnius-traditional-lithuanian-card-game.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 900, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/900-fan-tan/", "name": "Fan-tan", "native": "番攤 Fan-tan", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Players bet on the remainder (1 to 4) after a pile of buttons or beads is counted off in fours.", "how_played": "Players bet on the remainder (1 to 4) after a pile of buttons or beads is counted off in fours.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-tan" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00900-fan-tan.jpg", "author": "Fuzheado ( talk )", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fan-Tan.jpg" } }, { "id": 901, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/901-fanorona/", "name": "Fanorona", "native": "Fanorona", "alt": [ "Fanoron-Sivy" ], "countries": [ "Madagascar" ], "country_codes": [ "MG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "National board game with capture by approach and withdrawal.", "how_played": "National board game with capture by approach and withdrawal.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Madagascar.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanorona", "https://fanorona.com/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 902, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/902-fanoron-telo/", "name": "Fanoron-Telo", "native": "Fanoron-Telo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Madagascar" ], "country_codes": [ "MG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Alignment and connection games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "3x3 variant akin to tic-tac-toe.", "how_played": "3x3 variant akin to tic-tac-toe.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Madagascar.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanorona" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 903, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/903-katro-katra/", "name": "Katro / Katra", "native": "Katro", "alt": [ "Fifangha", "Katro" ], "countries": [ "Madagascar" ], "country_codes": [ "MG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Betsileo mancala.", "how_played": "Betsileo mancala.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Madagascar.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katro" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00903-katro-katra.jpg", "author": "RANDRIANADRASANA Obiniaina", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katro.jpg" } }, { "id": 905, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/905-savika/", "name": "Savika", "native": "Savika", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Madagascar" ], "country_codes": [ "MG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Zebu-wrestling.", "how_played": "Zebu-wrestling.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Madagascar.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_traditional_games_in_Africa" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00905-savika.jpg", "author": "Obiniaina RANDRIANADRASANA", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SAVIKA4.jpg" } }, { "id": 906, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/906-bawo/", "name": "Bawo", "native": "Bawo", "alt": [ "Bao" ], "countries": [ "Malawi" ], "country_codes": [ "MW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Yao tournament mancala with district-to-national championships.", "how_played": "Yao tournament mancala with district-to-national championships.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malawi.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Bawo", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_(game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 907, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/907-five-stones/", "name": "Five stones", "native": "Batu Seremban", "alt": [ "Lima batu", "Selambut" ], "countries": [ "Malaysia", "Brunei" ], "country_codes": [ "MY", "BN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Toss one stone up while picking up or rearranging others, in stages of rising difficulty.", "how_played": "Toss one stone up while picking up or rearranging others, in stages of rising difficulty.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia, Brunei.", "sources": [ "https://heritage.gov.my/en/pengenalan-cawangan-adat-budaya/permainan-tradisi.html", "https://malaysiafact.com/malaysia-traditional-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 908, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/908-gasing/", "name": "Gasing", "native": "Gasing", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malaysia", "Singapore", "Brunei" ], "country_codes": [ "MY", "SG", "BN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Wound-string spinning tops spun for duration or knocked out of play, part of the shared Malay-world toy tradition.", "how_played": "Wound-string spinning tops spun for duration or knocked out of play, part of the shared Malay-world toy tradition.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei.", "sources": [ "https://heritage.gov.my/en/pengenalan-cawangan-adat-budaya/permainan-tradisi.html", "https://malaysiafact.com/malaysia-traditional-games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Singapore" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 909, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/909-galah-panjang/", "name": "Galah panjang", "native": "Galah Panjang", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malaysia", "Singapore" ], "country_codes": [ "MY", "SG" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Line-crossing tag game; attackers try to cross all lines and return.", "how_played": "Line-crossing tag game; attackers try to cross all lines and return.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia, Singapore.", "sources": [ "https://heritage.gov.my/en/pengenalan-cawangan-adat-budaya/permainan-tradisi.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Singapore" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00909-galah-panjang.jpg", "author": "Wiki Farazi", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hari_Sukan_Negara_(HSN)_2023_SMK_Seksyen_4_Kota_Damansara_20231014_091348.jpg" } }, { "id": 910, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/910-malay-draughts/", "name": "Malay draughts", "native": "Dam / Dam Haji", "alt": [ "Dam aji", "Dam ular" ], "countries": [ "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Two-player draughts-type game on a marked board, often played in coffee shops.", "how_played": "Two-player draughts-type game on a marked board, often played in coffee shops.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia.", "sources": [ "https://heritage.gov.my/en/pengenalan-cawangan-adat-budaya/permainan-tradisi.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 911, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/911-wau-bulan-kite/", "name": "Wau bulan kite", "native": "Wau (kite flying)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Decorated crescent-shaped kites flown and shown off, especially on the east coast of the peninsula.", "how_played": "Decorated crescent-shaped kites flown and shown off, especially on the east coast of the peninsula.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia.", "sources": [ "https://heritage.gov.my/en/pengenalan-cawangan-adat-budaya/permainan-tradisi.html", "https://malaysiafact.com/malaysia-traditional-games/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00911-wau-bulan-kite.jpg", "author": "D.W. Fisher-Freberg", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wau_bulan_Pasir_Gudang.JPG" } }, { "id": 912, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/912-stick-game/", "name": "Stick game", "native": "Dhandi Jehun", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Maldives", "New Zealand" ], "country_codes": [ "MV", "NZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Players sit in pairs and toss and catch wooden sticks to a rhythm and song.", "how_played": "Players sit in pairs and toss and catch wooden sticks to a rhythm and song.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Maldives, New Zealand.", "sources": [ "https://visitmaldives.com/en/experience/traditional-games-and-favourite-sports-from-the-sunny-side-of-life", "https://teara.govt.nz/en/traditional-maori-games-nga-takaro", "https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/discover/stories/blog/2015/how-to-play-tititorea" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00912-stick-game.jpg", "author": "Press Information Department", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Land_Minister_Shamsur_Rahman_Sharif_inspecting_stick_game_Ishwardi_Pabna_2016-10-12.jpg" } }, { "id": 913, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/913-akuru-thaasbe/", "name": "Akuru Thaasbe", "native": "Akuru Thaasbe", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Maldives" ], "country_codes": [ "MV" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Syllable-based Scrabble-like word game in Thaana script.", "how_played": "Syllable-based Scrabble-like word game in Thaana script.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Maldives.", "sources": [ "https://lovethemaldives.com/traditional-maldivian-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 914, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/914-baibalaa/", "name": "Baibalaa", "native": "Baibalaa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Maldives" ], "country_codes": [ "MV" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Players in a ring field tag and capture opponents, much like kabaddi.", "how_played": "Players in a ring field tag and capture opponents, much like kabaddi.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Maldives.", "sources": [ "https://visitmaldives.com/en/experience/traditional-games-and-favourite-sports-from-the-sunny-side-of-life", "https://lovethemaldives.com/traditional-maldivian-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 915, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/915-bashi/", "name": "Bashi", "native": "Bashi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Maldives" ], "country_codes": [ "MV" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Women's sand-court game: a server hits the ball backwards over a net and head, and opponents must catch it; teams of 7 or 11.", "how_played": "Women's sand-court game: a server hits the ball backwards over a net and head, and opponents must catch it; teams of 7 or 11.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Maldives.", "sources": [ "https://visitmaldives.com/en/experience/traditional-games-and-favourite-sports-from-the-sunny-side-of-life", "https://lovethemaldives.com/traditional-maldivian-games/", "https://traditionalsportsgames.org/news/Bashi:-Rediscovering-the-Maldives%E2%80%99-Women%E2%80%99s-Only-Sand-Court-Tradition-&-Cultural-Resilience?language_id=1" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00915-bashi.jpg", "author": "Leeturtle", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kishi_Bashi_at_Rockwave_Festival_2023.jpg" } }, { "id": 916, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/916-ohvalhu/", "name": "Ohvalhu", "native": "Ohvalhu Gondi", "alt": [ "Oh’valhu-gondi" ], "countries": [ "Maldives" ], "country_codes": [ "MV" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "A small mancala on an eight-pit board where players sow shells counter-clockwise to fill a home cup.", "how_played": "A small mancala on an eight-pit board where players sow shells counter-clockwise to fill a home cup.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Maldives.", "sources": [ "https://visitmaldives.com/en/experience/traditional-games-and-favourite-sports-from-the-sunny-side-of-life", "https://lovethemaldives.com/traditional-maldivian-games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh’valhu-gondi" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 917, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/917-maldivian-chess/", "name": "Maldivian chess", "native": "Raazuvaa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Maldives" ], "country_codes": [ "MV" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Island chess variant with the same pieces but different pawn moves.", "how_played": "Island chess variant with the same pieces but different pawn moves.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Maldives.", "sources": [ "https://visitmaldives.com/en/experience/traditional-games-and-favourite-sports-from-the-sunny-side-of-life" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 918, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/918-thin-hama/", "name": "Thin Hama", "native": "Thin Hama", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Maldives" ], "country_codes": [ "MV" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mill and morris games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Two players place and move pieces on a marked board to line up three in a row; rule detail unclear (morris-like).", "how_played": "Two players place and move pieces on a marked board to line up three in a row; rule detail unclear (morris-like).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Maldives.", "sources": [ "https://visitmaldives.com/en/experience/traditional-games-and-favourite-sports-from-the-sunny-side-of-life", "https://lovethemaldives.com/traditional-maldivian-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 922, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/922-bocci/", "name": "Boċċi", "native": "Boċċi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malta" ], "country_codes": [ "MT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Maltese bowls game on sand lanes at village clubs; seen as a beloved traditional sport.", "how_played": "Maltese bowls game on sand lanes at village clubs; seen as a beloved traditional sport.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malta.", "sources": [ "https://ohmymalta.com.mt/2022/10/05/the-traditional-game-of-bocci-in-malta/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Malta" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 926, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/926-marshallese-string-figures/", "name": "Marshallese string figures", "native": "String figures", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Marshall Islands" ], "country_codes": [ "MH" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "how_played": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Marshall Islands.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_Marshall_Islands" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 927, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/927-dhamet/", "name": "Dhamet", "native": "Dhamet (Srand)", "alt": [ "Damma", "Zamma", "Srand" ], "countries": [ "Mauritania" ], "country_codes": [ "MR" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Draughts-like game on a 9x9 intersection board where each side has 40 pieces, men promote to Mullahs, and captures remove pieces immediately.", "how_played": "Draughts-like game on a 9x9 intersection board where each side has 40 pieces, men promote to Mullahs, and captures remove pieces immediately.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mauritania.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamma", "https://www.mindsports.nl/index.php/on-the-evolution-of-draughts-variants/draughts-variants/505-zamma" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 928, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/928-sig/", "name": "Sig", "native": "Sig", "alt": [ "Siga" ], "countries": [ "Mauritania" ], "country_codes": [ "MR" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Women's afternoon game where two teams move pieces along a sand-hill track using thrown coloured sticks.", "how_played": "Women's afternoon game where two teams move pieces along a sand-hill track using thrown coloured sticks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mauritania.", "sources": [ "https://www.mapexpress.ma/actualite/societe-et-regions/sig-jeu-traditionnel-les-femmes-provinces-du-sud/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 933, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/933-cup-and-ball/", "name": "Cup-and-ball", "native": "Balero", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mexico" ], "country_codes": [ "MX" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "A ball tied to a wooden handle is flipped to land in the cup or spike; players count catches or perform tricks.", "how_played": "A ball tied to a wooden handle is flipped to land in the cup or spike; players count catches or perform tricks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mexico.", "sources": [ "https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/juguetes-tradicionales-mexicanos.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Mexico" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 935, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/935-mexican-loteria/", "name": "Mexican Lotería", "native": "Lotería", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mexico" ], "country_codes": [ "MX" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "A caller (cantor) draws pictures from a 54-card deck, announcing each with a rhyme, and players mark matching pictures on 4x4 tablas; first to fill a line, corners or the centre shouts Lotería.", "how_played": "A caller (cantor) draws pictures from a 54-card deck, announcing each with a rhyme, and players mark matching pictures on 4x4 tablas; first to fill a line, corners or the centre shouts Lotería.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mexico.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loter%C3%ADa", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Mexico", "https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/juguetes-tradicionales-mexicanos.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00935-mexican-loteria.jpg", "author": "Unknown author (public domain)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Loteria_boards.jpg" } }, { "id": 936, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/936-mixtec-ball-game/", "name": "Mixtec ball game", "native": "Pelota mixteca", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mexico" ], "country_codes": [ "MX" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Net-less tennis style game where players strike a hard ball with a heavy glove-and-board over a long dirt court.", "how_played": "Net-less tennis style game where players strike a hard ball with a heavy glove-and-board over a long dirt court.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mexico.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelota_mixteca" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 937, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/937-traditional-contests-at-micronesian-games/", "name": "Traditional contests at Micronesian Games", "native": "Micronesian Games traditional events", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Micronesia" ], "country_codes": [ "FM" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Regional games include local-style contests alongside sports.", "how_played": "Regional games include local-style contests alongside sports.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Micronesia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micronesian_Games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 938, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/938-carolinian-string-figures/", "name": "Carolinian string figures", "native": "String figures", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Micronesia" ], "country_codes": [ "FM" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "how_played": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Micronesia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat's_cradle" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 939, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/939-provencal-boules/", "name": "Provencal boules", "native": "Boules lyonnaises / Jeu provençal", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Monaco" ], "country_codes": [ "MC" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Throwing boules game parent of pétanque.", "how_played": "Throwing boules game parent of pétanque.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Monaco.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boule_lyonnaise" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 940, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/940-ail-ger/", "name": "Ail ger", "native": "Айл гэр Ail ger", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mongolia" ], "country_codes": [ "MN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Children arrange stones in a circle to represent a ger, with stones standing for furniture and livestock.", "how_played": "Children arrange stones in a circle to represent a ger, with stones standing for furniture and livestock.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia.", "sources": [ "https://www.discovermongolia.mn/about-mongolia/culture-art-history/mongolian-toys-and-games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 941, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/941-alag-malkhii/", "name": "Alag Malkhii", "native": "Алаг мэлхий Alag malkhii (multicoloured turtle)", "alt": [ "Multicoloured turtle" ], "countries": [ "Mongolia" ], "country_codes": [ "MN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Players take bones from a pile painted in five colours and build a turtle shape, a shagai game with cosmic symbolism.", "how_played": "Players take bones from a pile painted in five colours and build a turtle shape, a shagai game with cosmic symbolism.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia.", "sources": [ "https://www.discovermongolia.mn/about-mongolia/culture-art-history/mongolian-toys-and-games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 943, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/943-mongolian-chess/", "name": "Mongolian chess", "native": "Монгол шатар Mongol shatar", "alt": [ "Shatar", "Shatar (Mongolian chess)" ], "countries": [ "Mongolia" ], "country_codes": [ "MN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Chess variant with Mongolian piece names (noyon, bars, temee, mor, tereg, khuu); the queen moves like a rook or one step diagonally and play opens with d4/d5.", "how_played": "Chess variant with Mongolian piece names (noyon, bars, temee, mor, tereg, khuu); the queen moves like a rook or one step diagonally and play opens with d4/d5.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_chess", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Chess_Championship", "https://www.discovermongolia.mn/about-mongolia/culture-art-history/mongolian-toys-and-games", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shatar-03.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01477-shatar.jpg", "author": "Immanuel Giel", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shatar-03.JPG" } }, { "id": 950, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/950-krur/", "name": "Krur", "native": "Krur", "alt": [ "Karur" ], "countries": [ "Morocco" ], "country_codes": [ "MA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Small two-row mancala from the Hassaniya Sahara with relay sowing.", "how_played": "Small two-row mancala from the Hassaniya Sahara with relay sowing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Morocco.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krur" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 954, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/954-ntxuva/", "name": "Ntxuva", "native": "Ntxuva", "alt": [ "Tchadji", "Mancala" ], "countries": [ "Mozambique" ], "country_codes": [ "MZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Four-row mancala dug in ground or cement boards, played by adult men nationwide.", "how_played": "Four-row mancala dug in ground or cement boards, played by adult men nationwide.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mozambique.", "sources": [ "https://www.ntxuva.org/", "https://theholidaze.com/ntchuva-traditional-game-in-mozambique/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 955, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/955-tchouba/", "name": "Tchouba", "native": "Tchouba", "alt": [ "Tshuba" ], "countries": [ "Mozambique" ], "country_codes": [ "MZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Largest known mancala, Thonga and Chopi.", "how_played": "Largest known mancala, Thonga and Chopi.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mozambique.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Tchouba" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 957, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/957-phankhon/", "name": "Phankhon", "native": "Phankhon", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Myanmar" ], "country_codes": [ "MM" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Mostly girls play: teams hop over a human obstacle that rises in height each round.", "how_played": "Mostly girls play: teams hop over a human obstacle that rises in height each round.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Myanmar.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Myanmar" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00957-phankhon.jpg", "author": "Ye Myat Tun, Discover Myanmar", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hpan_Khoun,_the_Jumping_Game,_Ye_Myat_Tun,_Discover_Myanmar.jpg" } }, { "id": 959, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/959-tag/", "name": "Tag", "native": "Zum-zum / Htote si toe", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Myanmar" ], "country_codes": [ "MM" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Border-crossing tag games where raiders try to cross lines without being tagged by defenders.", "how_played": "Border-crossing tag games where raiders try to cross lines without being tagged by defenders.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Myanmar.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Myanmar" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00959-tag.jpg", "author": "Anonymous Unknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jongensspelen_10.jpg" } }, { "id": 960, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/960-owela/", "name": "Owela", "native": "Owela", "alt": [ "Hus" ], "countries": [ "Namibia" ], "country_codes": [ "NA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Four-row mancala widely played across Namibian peoples.", "how_played": "Four-row mancala widely played across Namibian peoples.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Namibia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owela", "https://www.namibian.com.na/owela-plays-two-inventors/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00960-owela.jpg", "author": "Moongateclimber", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hus_(Omwela)_board_for_sale_in_Swakopmund,_Namibia.jpg" } }, { "id": 961, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/961-konane/", "name": "Kōnane", "native": "Kōnane", "alt": [ "Konane" ], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Two players jump orthogonally over opponent stones on a grid, removing them; last player able to move wins.", "how_played": "Two players jump orthogonally over opponent stones on a grid, removing them; last player able to move wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dnane" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00961-konane.jpg", "author": "Cpl. Rich Mattingly", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USMC-14131.jpg" } }, { "id": 962, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/962-footy/", "name": "Footy", "native": "Australian rules football", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nauru" ], "country_codes": [ "NR" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Introduced game and the national sport of Nauru since independence.", "how_played": "Introduced game and the national sport of Nauru since independence.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nauru.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Nauru" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 963, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/963-nauruan-wrestling/", "name": "Nauruan wrestling", "native": "Eakabarere", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nauru" ], "country_codes": [ "NR" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Traditional wrestling form listed on Wikipedia under Nauru's traditional pursuits.", "how_played": "Traditional wrestling form listed on Wikipedia under Nauru's traditional pursuits.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nauru.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 964, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/964-ibibo/", "name": "Ibibo", "native": "Ibibo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nauru" ], "country_codes": [ "NR" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Hand-batting game with a pandanus-wrapped stone ball.", "how_played": "Hand-batting game with a pandanus-wrapped stone ball.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nauru.", "sources": [ "https://www.nauruair.com/about-us/blog/post/traditional-sports-making-a-comeback-in-nauru" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00964-ibibo.jpg", "author": "Harriwillz", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drummers_in_the_ibibo_land.jpg" } }, { "id": 965, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/965-itsibweb/", "name": "Itsibweb", "native": "Itsibweb", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nauru" ], "country_codes": [ "NR" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Traditional Nauruan sport named alongside Karaduga.", "how_played": "Traditional Nauruan sport named alongside Karaduga.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nauru.", "sources": [ "https://www.nauruair.com/about-us/blog/post/traditional-sports-making-a-comeback-in-nauru" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 967, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/967-tiger-and-goat/", "name": "Tiger and Goat", "native": "Bagh-Chal", "alt": [ "Bagh Chal", "Bagh-Chal", "Bagha-chall" ], "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "country_codes": [ "NP" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Four tigers versus twenty goats on a 5x5 grid.", "how_played": "Four tigers versus twenty goats on a 5x5 grid.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nepal.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Nepal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagh-chal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagha-chall" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 968, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/968-dandi-biyo/", "name": "Dandi Biyo", "native": "Dandi Biyo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "country_codes": [ "NP" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Hit a small wooden pin with a stick, then strike it far.", "how_played": "Hit a small wooden pin with a stick, then strike it far.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nepal.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Nepal" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00968-dandi-biyo.jpg", "author": "Nirmal Dulal", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biyo_and_Dandi.JPG" } }, { "id": 970, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/970-dutch-draughts/", "name": "Dutch draughts", "native": "Dammen", "alt": [ "Draughts", "Damspel" ], "countries": [ "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "10x10 international draughts, with Dutch masters; Nederlandse Dambond.", "how_played": "10x10 international draughts, with Dutch masters; Nederlandse Dambond.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 971, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/971-fierljeppen/", "name": "Fierljeppen", "native": "Fierljeppen", "alt": [ "Pole vaulting over canals" ], "countries": [ "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Run, grab a pole and climb to leap a canal; Frisian farmer tradition.", "how_played": "Run, grab a pole and climb to leap a canal; Frisian farmer tradition.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fierljeppen" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00971-fierljeppen.jpg", "author": "Peter van der Sluijs", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fierljeppen_in_Linschoten.jpg" } }, { "id": 973, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/973-frisian-kaatsen/", "name": "Frisian kaatsen", "native": "Kaatsen", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Frisian handball-like game played on fields in Friesland.", "how_played": "Frisian handball-like game played on fields in Friesland.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 975, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/975-klootschieten/", "name": "Klootschieten", "native": "Klootschieten", "alt": [ "Boßeln" ], "countries": [ "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Throw a ball down a road for distance; NKB founded 1967.", "how_played": "Throw a ball down a road for distance; NKB founded 1967.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Netherlands.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klootschieten" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00975-klootschieten.jpg", "author": "Pelikana", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Werpkogels_klootschieten_PM013-01.JPG" } }, { "id": 978, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/978-ki-o-rahi/", "name": "Kī-o-rahi", "native": "Kī-o-rahi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "New Zealand" ], "country_codes": [ "NZ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Fast circular-field ball game between a defending team and an attacking team, scoring by touching a central marker.", "how_played": "Fast circular-field ball game between a defending team and an attacking team, scoring by touching a central marker.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of New Zealand.", "sources": [ "https://teara.govt.nz/en/traditional-maori-games-nga-takaro/print", "https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/39363/a-game-of-ki-o-rahi", "https://teara.govt.nz/en/traditional-maori-games-nga-takaro", "https://www.r2r.org.nz/games-activities-maori-youth/ki-o-rahi.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00978-ki-o-rahi.jpg", "author": "Sossos", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ki_on_grass1.jpg" } }, { "id": 979, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/979-mu-torere/", "name": "Mu Torere", "native": "Mū tōrere", "alt": [], "countries": [ "New Zealand" ], "country_codes": [ "NZ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Two players each hold four pieces on an eight-pointed star and try to leave the opponent without a legal move; commonly linked with Ngati Porou.", "how_played": "Two players each hold four pieces on an eight-pointed star and try to leave the opponent without a legal move; commonly linked with Ngati Porou.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of New Zealand.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%AB_t%C5%8Drere", "https://teara.govt.nz/en/traditional-maori-games-nga-takaro/print", "https://teara.govt.nz/en/traditional-maori-games-nga-takaro" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 980, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/980-pasifika-kirikiti/", "name": "Pasifika kirikiti", "native": "Kirikiti", "alt": [], "countries": [ "New Zealand" ], "country_codes": [ "NZ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Samoan/Pacific-style cricket played in NZ Pacific communities at community gatherings.", "how_played": "Samoan/Pacific-style cricket played in NZ Pacific communities at community gatherings.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of New Zealand.", "sources": [ "https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/pacific/543831/kilikiti-a-game-about-community-and-culture-shining-on-the-big-stage" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 981, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/981-maori-stick-games/", "name": "Maori stick games", "native": "Tītī tōrea", "alt": [], "countries": [ "New Zealand" ], "country_codes": [ "NZ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Rhythmic partner game passing and tossing short sticks, often with song.", "how_played": "Rhythmic partner game passing and tossing short sticks, often with song.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of New Zealand.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%ABt%C4%AB_t%C5%8Drea", "https://digitalnz.org/stories/5e5618ad6d3909000a7b878e" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00981-maori-stick-games.jpg", "author": "Archives New Zealand", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Whakarewarewa_Maori_School_-_Stick_Games.jpg" } }, { "id": 982, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/982-whai/", "name": "Whai", "native": "Whai", "alt": [], "countries": [ "New Zealand" ], "country_codes": [ "NZ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Pattern making with a flax loop, accompanied by chants; traditionally played by all ages.", "how_played": "Pattern making with a flax loop, accompanied by chants; traditionally played by all ages.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of New Zealand.", "sources": [ "https://teara.govt.nz/en/traditional-maori-games-nga-takaro/print", "https://digitalnz.org/stories/5d203d1afb002c5c9e12648b" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 983, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/983-blind-hen/", "name": "Blind hen", "native": "Gallina ciega", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nicaragua" ], "country_codes": [ "NI" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "A blindfolded player must find others who sing to confuse them.", "how_played": "A blindfolded player must find others who sing to confuse them.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nicaragua.", "sources": [ "https://www.vivanicaragua.com.ni/2016/05/05/deportes/13-juegos-tradicionales-ninos/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 984, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/984-macho-parado/", "name": "Macho parado", "native": "Macho parado", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nicaragua" ], "country_codes": [ "NI" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Teams throw a ball to eliminate opponents by hitting them.", "how_played": "Teams throw a ball to eliminate opponents by hitting them.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nicaragua.", "sources": [ "https://www.vivanicaragua.com.ni/2016/05/05/deportes/13-juegos-tradicionales-ninos/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 985, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/985-abula/", "name": "Abula", "native": "Abula", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nigeria" ], "country_codes": [ "NG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "A team bat-and-ball street game.", "how_played": "A team bat-and-ball street game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Nigeria" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00985-abula.jpg", "author": "IFaRotimi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amala_With_Ponmo_And_Abula.jpg" } }, { "id": 986, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/986-ayo/", "name": "Ayo", "native": "Ayo Olopon", "alt": [ "Ayoayo", "Ncho", "Okwe", "Nsa Isong", "Ogirise" ], "countries": [ "Nigeria" ], "country_codes": [ "NG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Yoruba sowing and capture game on a 2x6 wooden board with 48 seeds; played across Nigeria under many names.", "how_played": "Yoruba sowing and capture game on a 2x6 wooden board with 48 seeds; played across Nigeria under many names.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria.", "sources": [ "https://www.channelstv.com/2021/11/04/ayo-olopon-the-african-game-aiming-for-olympics-recognition/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Nigeria", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayoayo" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 987, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/987-dambe/", "name": "Dambe", "native": "Dambe", "alt": [ "Dambe Bout" ], "countries": [ "Nigeria", "Niger" ], "country_codes": [ "NG", "NE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "A Hausa striking and boxing tradition with a wrapped fist.", "how_played": "A Hausa striking and boxing tradition with a wrapped fist.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Nigeria", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Le_dambe.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01264-dambe-bout.jpg", "author": "Bienvenue Tognon", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Le_dambe.jpg" } }, { "id": 988, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/988-ten-ten/", "name": "Ten Ten", "native": "Ten Ten (Ten-Ten)", "alt": [ "Leg lift" ], "countries": [ "Nigeria" ], "country_codes": [ "NG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Children face each other and jump to show one or two feet; matching feet score a point, in a rhythm closely related to Ampe.", "how_played": "Children face each other and jump to show one or two feet; matching feet score a point, in a rhythm closely related to Ampe.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Nigeria" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00988-ten-ten.jpg", "author": "anonymous", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Cosmic_Lotus_Mahakala_and_the_Ten_Sikh_Gurus.jpg" } }, { "id": 990, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/990-paduk/", "name": "Paduk", "native": "바둑 Paduk", "alt": [ "Baduk" ], "countries": [ "North Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "North Korea's name for go; organised nationally and treated as a 'mental martial art' under the Taekwondo organisation.", "how_played": "North Korea's name for go; organised nationally and treated as a 'mental martial art' under the Taekwondo organisation.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of North Korea.", "sources": [ "https://forums.online-go.com/t/north-korean-go-players/53572" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 992, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/992-tavla/", "name": "Tavla", "native": "Табла", "alt": [], "countries": [ "North Macedonia", "Montenegro" ], "country_codes": [ "MK", "ME" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Two players race fifteen checkers each around a board with dice, hitting blots; the Balkan form of backgammon.", "how_played": "Two players race fifteen checkers each around a board with dice, hitting blots; the Balkan form of backgammon.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of North Macedonia, Montenegro.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablanette", "https://www.expatincroatia.com/croatian-card-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 993, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/993-remi/", "name": "Remi", "native": "Реми", "alt": [], "countries": [ "North Macedonia", "Serbia", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Croatia", "Romania", "Moldova" ], "country_codes": [ "MK", "RS", "BA", "HR", "RO", "MD" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Card games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Rummy in two forms: the open version lets you meld on the table, the closed version only once the hand can finish.", "how_played": "Rummy in two forms: the open version lets you meld on the table, the closed version only once the hand can finish.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of North Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablanette", "https://www.pagat.com/national/croatia.html", "https://www.pagat.com/national/bosnia.html", "https://www.pagat.com/national/romania.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 995, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/995-tafl/", "name": "Tafl", "native": "Hnefatafl / Tafl", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Norway", "Sweden", "Denmark", "Iceland" ], "country_codes": [ "NO", "SE", "DK", "IS" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Tafl and king games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "An uneven-armies siege game: attackers surround the king while he races to escape.", "how_played": "An uneven-armies siege game: attackers surround the king while he races to escape.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Norway, Sweden, Denmark.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafl_games" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/00995-tafl.jpg", "author": "Andreas Zautner", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ZHNEFA.jpg" } }, { "id": 1001, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1001-hawalis/", "name": "Hawalis", "native": "Hawalis", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Oman" ], "country_codes": [ "OM" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "4x7 sowing board played in Oman; Zanzibar cousin Bao la Kiarabu.", "how_played": "4x7 sowing board played in Oman; Zanzibar cousin Bao la Kiarabu.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Oman.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawalis" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1003, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1003-gulli-danda/", "name": "Gulli Danda", "native": "Gulli Danda", "alt": [ "Gilli Danda" ], "countries": [ "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Hit the gulli with the danda and score by distance.", "how_played": "Hit the gulli with the danda and score by distance.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Pakistan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Pakistan", "https://www.app.com.pk/features/traditional-games-of-pakistan-a-glimpse-into-past-and-present/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1004, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1004-pitthu-garam/", "name": "Pitthu Garam", "native": "Pitthu Garam", "alt": [ "Seven Tiles" ], "countries": [ "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Throw a ball at seven stacked stones, then rebuild while being targeted.", "how_played": "Throw a ball at seven stacked stones, then rebuild while being targeted.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Pakistan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Pakistan", "https://www.app.com.pk/features/traditional-games-of-pakistan-a-glimpse-into-past-and-present/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1007, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1007-palauan-string-figures/", "name": "Palauan string figures", "native": "String figures", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Palau" ], "country_codes": [ "PW" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "how_played": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Palau.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_string_figures" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1008, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1008-edrees/", "name": "Edrees", "native": "Edrees", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Palestine" ], "country_codes": [ "PS" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Three-in-a-row game on a nine-square grid.", "how_played": "Three-in-a-row game on a nine-square grid.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Palestine.", "sources": [ "https://sandramajed.substack.com/p/world-of-arab-history-what-traditional" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1009, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1009-hajla/", "name": "Hajla", "native": "Hajla", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Palestine" ], "country_codes": [ "PS" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Hopscotch-like stone game most known among girls.", "how_played": "Hopscotch-like stone game most known among girls.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Palestine.", "sources": [ "https://sandramajed.substack.com/p/world-of-arab-history-what-traditional" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1010, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1010-zarzir/", "name": "Zarzir", "native": "Zarzir", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Palestine" ], "country_codes": [ "PS" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "A jacks-style game played by tossing and catching animal ankle bones.", "how_played": "A jacks-style game played by tossing and catching animal ankle bones.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Palestine.", "sources": [ "https://sandramajed.substack.com/p/world-of-arab-history-what-traditional" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1011, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1011-panamanian-singing-rounds/", "name": "Panamanian singing rounds", "native": "Rondas", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Panama" ], "country_codes": [ "PA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Children's rhyme circles.", "how_played": "Children's rhyme circles.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Panama.", "sources": [ "https://www.thelostandfoundhostel.com/blog/2026/6/2/the-history-of-dominoes-and-why-it-is-so-popular-in-panama-origins-culture-and-the-unique-panamanian-style-of-play" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1013, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1013-village-rugby-league/", "name": "Village rugby league", "native": "Rugby league", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Papua New Guinea" ], "country_codes": [ "PG" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Contact ball game played in schools and villages; treated as part of national identity but not a traditional game.", "how_played": "Contact ball game played in schools and villages; treated as part of national identity but not a traditional game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Papua New Guinea.", "sources": [ "https://www.topendsports.com/world/countries/papua-new-guinea.htm" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1014, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1014-highland-and-coastal-contests/", "name": "Highland and coastal contests", "native": "Traditional contests (spear/stone throwing, wrestling)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Papua New Guinea" ], "country_codes": [ "PG" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Regional contests of strength and aim tied to feasts and initiations rather than formal games.", "how_played": "Regional contests of strength and aim tied to feasts and initiations rather than formal games.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Papua New Guinea.", "sources": [ "https://www.topendsports.com/world/countries/papua-new-guinea.htm" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1016, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1016-fireball/", "name": "Fireball", "native": "Pelota tata", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Paraguay" ], "country_codes": [ "PY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "A burning ball is kicked or dodged at San Juan.", "how_played": "A burning ball is kicked or dodged at San Juan.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Paraguay.", "sources": [ "https://paraguayologia.com/diccionario-paraguayo/pelota-tata/", "https://www.portalguarani.com/687_florentin_gimenez__/22554_juegos_tradicionales_del_paraguay__por_florentin_gimenez.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1017, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1017-ring-jousting/", "name": "Ring jousting", "native": "Sortija", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Paraguay" ], "country_codes": [ "PY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Riders gallop under an arch and spear a hanging ring.", "how_played": "Riders gallop under an arch and spear a hanging ring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Paraguay.", "sources": [ "https://www.portalguarani.com/687_florentin_gimenez__/22554_juegos_tradicionales_del_paraguay__por_florentin_gimenez.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01017-ring-jousting.jpg", "author": "User:Roberto Fiadone", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corrida_de_Sortija.jpg" } }, { "id": 1019, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1019-sapo/", "name": "Sapo", "native": "Sapo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Peru", "Bolivia", "Uruguay" ], "country_codes": [ "PE", "BO", "UY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Players throw metal discs onto a table, aiming for the frog's mouth, played in picanterias.", "how_played": "Players throw metal discs onto a table, aiming for the frog's mouth, played in picanterias.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay.", "sources": [ "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapo_(juego)", "https://juegos-tradicionales.com/pais/peru/", "https://lapazdelbicentenario.blogspot.com/2018/03/juegos-tipicos-el-juego-del-sapo.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1020, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1020-dudo-cacho/", "name": "Dudo / Cacho", "native": "Cacho / Dudo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Peru" ], "country_codes": [ "PE" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Players secretly roll dice under cups and bid on how many of a face are on the table, challenging bluffs.", "how_played": "Players secretly roll dice under cups and bid on how many of a face are on the table, challenging bluffs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Peru.", "sources": [ "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudo_(juego)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1021, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1021-patintero/", "name": "Patintero", "native": "Patintero", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Grid-crossing tag game widely played in streets.", "how_played": "Grid-crossing tag game widely played in streets.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01021-patintero.jpg", "author": "Yabang Pinoy", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pinaka_Mahabang_Todo_Patintero_2012_(7732009648).jpg" } }, { "id": 1022, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1022-piko/", "name": "Piko", "native": "Piko", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Hopscotch drawn on pavement.", "how_played": "Hopscotch drawn on pavement.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1024, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1024-sipa/", "name": "Sipa", "native": "Sipa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Kick a washer-and-straw shuttle to keep it airborne; formerly the national sport until 2009.", "how_played": "Kick a washer-and-straw shuttle to keep it airborne; formerly the national sport until 2009.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01024-sipa.jpg", "author": "Benedicto Briones", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SipaQuezonCity.jpg" } }, { "id": 1025, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1025-sungka/", "name": "Sungka", "native": "Sungka", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Filipino mancala with 7 houses per side and 2 home pits.", "how_played": "Filipino mancala with 7 houses per side and 2 home pits.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines", "https://filipinodama.com/traditional-filipino-games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1026, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1026-tapatan/", "name": "Tapatan", "native": "Tapatan", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mill and morris games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Three men's morris style game on a 3x3 grid.", "how_played": "Three men's morris style game on a 3x3 grid.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1028, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1028-tumbang-preso/", "name": "Tumbang preso", "native": "Tumbang Preso", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Knock a tin can from its spot with slippers; guard tags runners.", "how_played": "Knock a tin can from its spot with slippers; guard tags runners.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01028-tumbang-preso.jpg", "author": "Free2barredo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tumbang_Preso.jpg" } }, { "id": 1031, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1031-palant/", "name": "Palant", "native": "Palant", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Poland" ], "country_codes": [ "PL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "A bat-and-ball team game where hitters run between zones and fielders catch or tag them.", "how_played": "A bat-and-ball team game where hitters run between zones and fielders catch or tag them.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Poland.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palant", "https://protoball.org/Palant", "https://www.traditionalsports.org/traditional-sports/europe/palant-poland.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1034, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1034-polish-draughts/", "name": "Polish draughts", "native": "Warcaby (10x10)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Poland" ], "country_codes": [ "PL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Draughts on a 10x10 board; the name 'Polish draughts' is a Dutch convention and the game probably originated in the Netherlands around 1550.", "how_played": "Draughts on a 10x10 board; the name 'Polish draughts' is a Dutch convention and the game probably originated in the Netherlands around 1550.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Poland.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_draughts" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1037, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1037-portuguese-staff-fighting/", "name": "Portuguese staff fighting", "native": "Jogo do Pau", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Portugal" ], "country_codes": [ "PT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Stick-fencing art from northern Portugal with set strikes and parries, now a sport.", "how_played": "Stick-fencing art from northern Portugal with set strikes and parries, now a sport.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Portugal. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogo_do_Pau" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1038, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1038-al-laqfa/", "name": "Al Laqfa", "native": "Al Laqfa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Qatar" ], "country_codes": [ "QA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Players toss a stone upward and snatch other stones from the ground before catching it.", "how_played": "Players toss a stone upward and snatch other stones from the ground before catching it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Qatar.", "sources": [ "https://marhaba.qa/traditional-qatari-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1041, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1041-kuli/", "name": "Kuli", "native": "Kuli", "alt": [ "Kuli" ], "countries": [ "Congo" ], "country_codes": [ "CG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Ball game of the Tio people, listed in Wikipedia's African traditional games.", "how_played": "Ball game of the Tio people, listed in Wikipedia's African traditional games.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Congo.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_traditional_games_in_Africa" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1042, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1042-ngola/", "name": "Ngola", "native": "Ngola", "alt": [ "Ngola" ], "countries": [ "Congo" ], "country_codes": [ "CG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Two rows of six holes, 44 pieces, played at home and in the street; described as African chess in Congolese press.", "how_played": "Two rows of six holes, 44 pieces, played at home and in the street; described as African chess in Congolese press.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Congo.", "sources": [ "https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/jeux-traditionnels-africains-savez-vous-jouer-au-ngola-93970" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1044, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1044-table/", "name": "Table", "native": "Table", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Romania", "Moldova" ], "country_codes": [ "RO", "MD" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Two players race fifteen checkers around a board by dice, hitting blots; Romanian and Moldovan backgammon.", "how_played": "Two players race fifteen checkers around a board by dice, hitting blots; Romanian and Moldovan backgammon.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Romania, Moldova.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/romania.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1047, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1047-nardy/", "name": "Nardy", "native": "Нарды", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Backgammon-family race game played in homes and parks.", "how_played": "Backgammon-family race game played in homes and parks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 1048, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1048-svaika/", "name": "Svaika", "native": "Свайка", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Throw a spike into a ring on the ground.", "how_played": "Throw a spike into a ring on the ground.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svaika" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01048-svaika.jpg", "author": "Unknown author Unknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Svaika.jpg" } }, { "id": 1049, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1049-igisoro/", "name": "Igisoro", "native": "Igisoro", "alt": [ "Ikibuguzo" ], "countries": [ "Rwanda", "Burundi" ], "country_codes": [ "RW", "BI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Mancala on 4x8 board with 64 seeds meant as cows; masters play blindfolded.", "how_played": "Mancala on 4x8 board with 64 seeds meant as cows; masters play blindfolded.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Rwanda, Burundi.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igisoro", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Igisoro", "https://rutongoembroideries.com/artwork/igisoro-players/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01049-igisoro.jpg", "author": "Moongateclimber", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Omweso_players_in_kigali_rwanda.jpg" } }, { "id": 1050, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1050-heritage-games/", "name": "Heritage games", "native": "Kwéyòl folk games", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Saint Lucia" ], "country_codes": [ "LC" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Folk games during Jounen Kwéyòl.", "how_played": "Folk games during Jounen Kwéyòl.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Saint Lucia.", "sources": [ "https://stlucia.org/en/blog/jounen-kweyol-and-creole-heritage-month-how-to-celebrate-in-saint-lucia/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01050-heritage-games.jpg", "author": "Resolute", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2011_Heritage_Classic_faceoff.png" } }, { "id": 1051, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1051-wa-wee/", "name": "Wa-wee", "native": "Wa-wee (English Wari)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Saint Lucia" ], "country_codes": [ "LC" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Two-row mancala documented in early 20th-century St Lucia, boards sold in Castries.", "how_played": "Two-row mancala documented in early 20th-century St Lucia, boards sold in Castries.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Saint Lucia.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Wa-wee", "https://ludii.games/details.php?keyword=English+wari+(St.+Lucia)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1052, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1052-street/", "name": "Street", "native": "Marbles / Hopscotch", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Grenada" ], "country_codes": [ "VC", "GD" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Children's yard games: flicking marbles at targets and hopping through a chalk grid.", "how_played": "Children's yard games: flicking marbles at targets and hopping through a chalk grid.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada.", "sources": [ "https://www.jamrockmuseum.com/heritage/games-of-jamaica-from-street-corners-to-national-pride/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1056, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1056-samoan-cricket/", "name": "Samoan cricket", "native": "Kilikiti", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Samoa" ], "country_codes": [ "WS" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Community cricket using a three-sided wooden club and pandanus ball, with singing, food and village hosting.", "how_played": "Community cricket using a three-sided wooden club and pandanus ball, with singing, food and village hosting.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Samoa.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilikiti", "https://www.topendsports.com/world/countries/samoa.htm" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01056-samoan-cricket.jpg", "author": "Chrisrob251", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bats_used_in_the_Samoan_game_of_Kilikiti_(Kirikiti).jpg" } }, { "id": 1057, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1057-dart-spear-throwing/", "name": "Dart/spear throwing", "native": "Tiʻa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Samoa" ], "country_codes": [ "WS" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Traditional aim contests listed with footracing and spear throwing.", "how_played": "Traditional aim contests listed with footracing and spear throwing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Samoa.", "sources": [ "https://www.topendsports.com/world/countries/samoa.htm" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1058, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1058-crossbow-shooting/", "name": "Crossbow shooting", "native": "Balestra", "alt": [], "countries": [ "San Marino" ], "country_codes": [ "SM" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Shooters aim crossbows at targets; San Marino keeps a crossbow tradition with historic uniformed shooters.", "how_played": "Shooters aim crossbows at targets; San Marino keeps a crossbow tradition with historic uniformed shooters.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of San Marino.", "sources": [], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01058-crossbow-shooting.jpg", "author": "Bernt Rostad from Oslo, Norway", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crossbow_shooting_(22349664272).jpg" } }, { "id": 1059, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1059-carrom/", "name": "Carrom", "native": "Carrom", "alt": [ "Karam" ], "countries": [ "Saudi Arabia", "Oman", "United Arab Emirates", "Qatar", "Bahrain", "Kuwait" ], "country_codes": [ "SA", "OM", "AE", "QA", "BH", "KW" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Players flick a weighted striker across a powdered board to sink wooden discs, and the red queen, into the four corner pockets.", "how_played": "Players flick a weighted striker across a powdered board to sink wooden discs, and the red queen, into the four corner pockets.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates.", "sources": [ "https://sandramajed.substack.com/p/world-of-arab-history-what-traditional", "https://marhaba.qa/traditional-qatari-games/", "https://kuwaittimes.com/ramadan-perfect-time-to-reminisce-about-traditional-kuwaiti-games/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01059-carrom.jpg", "author": "Unknown author (public domain)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carrom.jpg" } }, { "id": 1060, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1060-baloot/", "name": "Baloot", "native": "Baloot", "alt": [ "Bolot" ], "countries": [ "Saudi Arabia", "Yemen", "Oman", "United Arab Emirates", "Qatar", "Bahrain" ], "country_codes": [ "SA", "YE", "OM", "AE", "QA", "BH" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Card games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Four players in two teams play a 32-card bidding trick game with \"sun\" (no trump) and \"hokum\" (trump) contracts and declared combinations.", "how_played": "Four players in two teams play a 32-card bidding trick game with \"sun\" (no trump) and \"hokum\" (trump) contracts and declared combinations.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloot", "https://www.agbi.com/gaming/2025/09/investors-go-all-in-as-saudi-card-game-baloot-moves-online/", "https://www.balootchampionship.com/baloot-in-saudi-arabia/", "https://www.arabnews.com/node/2267181/saudi-arabia" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1061, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1061-mill/", "name": "Mill", "native": "Jeu du moulin (Mill)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Senegal" ], "country_codes": [ "SN" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mill and morris games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Three-in-a-row mill game on concentric squares.", "how_played": "Three-in-a-row mill game on concentric squares.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Senegal.", "sources": [ "https://www.senegal-online.com/la-culture-du-jeu-au-senegal-histoire-traditions-et-perspectives-davenir/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1065, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1065-makonn/", "name": "Makonn", "native": "Makonn", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Seychelles" ], "country_codes": [ "SC" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Mancala on 4x10, almost forgotten, outer islands.", "how_played": "Mancala on 4x10, almost forgotten, outer islands.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Seychelles.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makonn" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1066, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1066-chapteh-shuttlecock/", "name": "Chapteh shuttlecock", "native": "Capteh (Chapteh)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Singapore" ], "country_codes": [ "SG" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Players keep a feathered, weighted shuttle in the air with the feet, a pastime for children that leads into sepak raga.", "how_played": "Players keep a feathered, weighted shuttle in the air with the feet, a pastime for children that leads into sepak raga.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Singapore.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Singapore" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1067, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1067-encang-kuda/", "name": "Encang kuda", "native": "Encang kuda (Keleret)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Singapore" ], "country_codes": [ "SG" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Stone-throwing game with jockey and horse roles.", "how_played": "Stone-throwing game with jockey and horse roles.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Singapore.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Singapore" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1068, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1068-batu-seremban-five-stones/", "name": "Batu Seremban / Five stones", "native": "Five Stones", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Singapore" ], "country_codes": [ "SG" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Players toss one stone and pick up others in graded stages before it lands.", "how_played": "Players toss one stone and pick up others in graded stages before it lands.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Singapore.", "sources": [ "https://heritage.gov.my/en/pengenalan-cawangan-adat-budaya/permainan-tradisi.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1073, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1073-slovene-quintain/", "name": "Slovene quintain", "native": "Štehvanje", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Slovenia" ], "country_codes": [ "SI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Costumed riders on horseback strike a hanging barrel with bats in a village festival tournament.", "how_played": "Costumed riders on horseback strike a hanging barrel with bats in a village festival tournament.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Slovenia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_quintain" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01073-slovene-quintain.jpg", "author": "Michael Gäbler", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ritt_zum_Kufenstechen.jpg" } }, { "id": 1075, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1075-solomon-string-figures/", "name": "Solomon string figures", "native": "String figures", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Solomon Islands" ], "country_codes": [ "SB" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "how_played": "Making patterns by looping string around the fingers, often with chants or stories; a regional tradition assumed here but not confirmed for this country.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Solomon Islands.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Solomon_Islands" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1076, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1076-diketo/", "name": "Diketo", "native": "Diketo", "alt": [ "Magave", "Upuca", "Puca" ], "countries": [ "South Africa", "Botswana", "Lesotho" ], "country_codes": [ "ZA", "BW", "LS" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Toss a stone upward and sweep pebbles from a circle before catching it; jacks-style.", "how_played": "Toss a stone upward and sweep pebbles from a circle before catching it; jacks-style.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diketo_(game)", "https://www.dsac.gov.za/2023-Indigenous-Games-Festival", "https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/24062", "https://lesotho.co.ls/2025/05/hrh-princess-senate-mohato-seeisos-shoeshoe-ea-moshoeshoe-initiative-continues-with-traditional-games-tour-at-pitseng-high-school/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01076-diketo.jpg", "author": "Kiowa17", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puca!!.jpg" } }, { "id": 1078, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1078-dibeke/", "name": "Dibeke", "native": "Dibeke", "alt": [ "Skununu" ], "countries": [ "South Africa", "Botswana" ], "country_codes": [ "ZA", "BW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Running ball game: attackers kick the ball away, defenders use hands to grab it.", "how_played": "Running ball game: attackers kick the ball away, defenders use hands to grab it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Africa, Botswana.", "sources": [ "https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/24062" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1080, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1080-moruba-ncuva/", "name": "Moruba / Ncuva", "native": "Ncuva", "alt": [ "Moruba" ], "countries": [ "South Africa" ], "country_codes": [ "ZA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Mancala game of the Pedi (Moruba); Ncuva is an official indigenous games code.", "how_played": "Mancala game of the Pedi (Moruba); Ncuva is an official indigenous games code.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Africa.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Moruba", "https://www.dsac.gov.za/2023-Indigenous-Games-Festival" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1081, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1081-janggi/", "name": "Janggi", "native": "장기 Janggi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea", "North Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR", "KP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Chess-like game on a 9x10 board without a river, where the general starts in the palace centre and players may pass.", "how_played": "Chess-like game on a 9x10 board without a river, where the general starts in the palace centre and players may pass.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea, North Korea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janggi" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1082, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1082-jegichagi/", "name": "Jegichagi", "native": "제기차기 Jegichagi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea", "North Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR", "KP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Players kick a paper-and-coin shuttle (jegi) and count how many kicks they can make without letting it fall.", "how_played": "Players kick a paper-and-coin shuttle (jegi) and count how many kicks they can make without letting it fall.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea, North Korea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jegichagi" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01082-jegichagi.jpg", "author": "Official U.S. Navy Page from United States of America MC2 Andrew Schneider/U.S. Navy", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sailors_play_Jegichagi_with_Korean_students_during_a_community_relations_event_(30361247131).jpg" } }, { "id": 1083, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1083-yut-nori/", "name": "Yut Nori", "native": "윷놀이 Yunnori", "alt": [ "Yut" ], "countries": [ "South Korea", "North Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR", "KP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Four half-round sticks serve as dice (do, gae, geol, yut, mo) to race four tokens around a 29-station board, with captures and extra throws.", "how_played": "Four half-round sticks serve as dice (do, gae, geol, yut, mo) to race four tokens around a 29-station board, with captures and extra throws.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea, North Korea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnori", "https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/윷놀이", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Korea" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1084, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1084-baduk/", "name": "Baduk", "native": "바둑 Baduk", "alt": [ "Go" ], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Go family", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "The Korean name for go; the Korea Baduk Association runs the professional system and tournaments.", "how_played": "The Korean name for go; the Korea Baduk Association runs the professional system and tournaments.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Baduk_Association", "http://english.baduk.or.kr/sub02_01.htm?menu=f12" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01084-baduk.jpg", "author": "theaucitron", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baduk_or_Go.jpg" } }, { "id": 1085, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1085-gonggi/", "name": "Gonggi", "native": "공기놀이 Gonggi", "alt": [ "Gonggi nori" ], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Gonggi is a dexterity and skill game tradition from South Korea.", "how_played": "", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonggi" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01085-gonggi.jpg", "author": "국립국어원", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0 kr", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gonggi_pebbles.jpg" } }, { "id": 1086, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1086-gonu/", "name": "Gonu", "native": "고누 Gonu", "alt": [ "Gono" ], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Family of small line-and-capture games played with pebbles on lines scratched on the ground.", "how_played": "Family of small line-and-capture games played with pebbles on lines scratched on the ground.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Korea" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01086-gonu.jpg", "author": "UY Albert!", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paula_Gonu_02.jpg" } }, { "id": 1088, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1088-omok/", "name": "Omok", "native": "오목 Omok", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Alignment and connection games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Korean five-in-a-row game on a 19x19 go board.", "how_played": "Korean five-in-a-row game on a 19x19 go board.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomoku" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1089, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1089-tuho/", "name": "Tuho", "native": "투호 Tuho", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Players throw arrows into a narrow-necked jar from a distance.", "how_played": "Players throw arrows into a narrow-necked jar from a distance.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch-pot", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Korea" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01089-tuho.jpg", "author": "玄史生", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taiwanese_Visitor_Playing_Tuho_in_Korean_Folk_Village_20091017.JPG" } }, { "id": 1090, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1090-ayit/", "name": "Ayit", "native": "Ayit", "alt": [ "Ayit" ], "countries": [ "South Sudan" ], "country_codes": [ "SS" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Dinka mancala, related to the Nuer game Yit.", "how_played": "Dinka mancala, related to the Nuer game Yit.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Sudan.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Ayit" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1091, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1091-tok-ku-rou/", "name": "Tok Ku Rou", "native": "Tok Ku Rou", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Sudan" ], "country_codes": [ "SS" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Mancala of Dinka and Shilluk; name means one and two.", "how_played": "Mancala of Dinka and Shilluk; name means one and two.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Sudan.", "sources": [ "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Tok_Ku_Rou" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1092, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1092-yit/", "name": "Yit", "native": "Yit", "alt": [ "Yit Nuri" ], "countries": [ "South Sudan" ], "country_codes": [ "SS" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Nuer 2x7 clay-board mancala.", "how_played": "Nuer 2x7 clay-board mancala.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Sudan.", "sources": [ "https://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/southernsudan/details.php-a=1937.34.50%20.1&show=1937.34.50.2_b.jpg.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1094, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1094-basque-pelota/", "name": "Basque Pelota", "native": "Pelota Vasca", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Spain", "France" ], "country_codes": [ "ES", "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Wall-and-court ball sport played with the hand, racket or basket; frontón courts in most Basque towns.", "how_played": "Wall-and-court ball sport played with the hand, racket or basket; frontón courts in most Basque towns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Spain, France.", "sources": [], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01094-basque-pelota.jpg", "author": "No machine-readable author provided. Harrieta171 assumed (based on copyright claims).", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ustaritz_Fronton_Pala.jpg" } }, { "id": 1096, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1096-cantabrian-palm-bowling/", "name": "Cantabrian palm bowling", "native": "Bolo palma", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "ES" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Cantabrian bowling where a wooden ball is thrown at nine pins; deeply local with 16th-century records.", "how_played": "Cantabrian bowling where a wooden ball is thrown at nine pins; deeply local with 16th-century records.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Spain.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo_palma" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01096-cantabrian-palm-bowling.jpg", "author": "Emilio Gómez Fernández", "licence": "CC BY 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bolera_de_La_Helguera_-_Barrio_de_Arriba.jpg" } }, { "id": 1098, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1098-parchis/", "name": "Parchís", "native": "Parchís", "alt": [ "Ludo" ], "countries": [ "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "ES" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Cross-and-circle dice race with barriers and captures; the Spanish board-game staple.", "how_played": "Cross-and-circle dice race with barriers and captures; the Spanish board-game staple.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Spain.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parch%C3%ADs" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1101, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1101-pillow-fight/", "name": "Pillow fight", "native": "Kotta Pora", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka", "Myanmar" ], "country_codes": [ "LK", "MM" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Two players sit on a raised bar and try to knock each other off with pillows.", "how_played": "Two players sit on a raised bar and try to knock each other off with pillows.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka, Myanmar. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Sri_Lanka", "https://www.sundaytimes.lk/170409/funday-times/avurudu-games-236003.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Myanmar" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1103, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1103-horn-pulling/", "name": "Horn pulling", "native": "Ankeliya", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Tug of hooked horns until one breaks.", "how_played": "Tug of hooked horns until one breaks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Sri_Lanka" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1104, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1104-elle/", "name": "Elle", "native": "Elle", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Bat-and-ball team game played at village and New Year festivals; exact rules not verified here.", "how_played": "Bat-and-ball team game played at village and New Year festivals; exact rules not verified here.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "https://www.sundaytimes.lk/170409/funday-times/avurudu-games-236003.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01104-elle.jpg", "author": "Georges Biard", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elle_Cannes_2016_3.jpg" } }, { "id": 1105, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1105-break-the-pot/", "name": "Break the pot", "native": "Kana Mutti Bindima", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Blindfolded player swings a stick at suspended clay pots.", "how_played": "Blindfolded player swings a stick at suspended clay pots.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Sri_Lanka" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01105-break-the-pot.jpg", "author": "Md Shahriar Joy", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Break_the_pot.jpg" } }, { "id": 1106, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1106-olinda-keliya/", "name": "Olinda Keliya", "native": "Olinda Keliya", "alt": [ "Mancala" ], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Mancala game played with olinda seeds in pits, where players sow and collect seeds; a New Year pastime.", "how_played": "Mancala game played with olinda seeds in pits, where players sow and collect seeds; a New Year pastime.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Sri_Lanka", "https://www.sundaytimes.lk/210411/plus/vanishing-avurudu-board-games-439404.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1108, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1108-pancha/", "name": "Pancha", "native": "Pancha Keliya", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Cowrie-shell board race game played in teams at New Year, comparable to Pachisi.", "how_played": "Cowrie-shell board race game played in teams at New Year, comparable to Pachisi.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "https://www.sundaytimes.lk/210411/plus/vanishing-avurudu-board-games-439404.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1109, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1109-anywoli/", "name": "Anywoli", "native": "Anywoli", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sudan" ], "country_codes": [ "SD" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Anuak mancala.", "how_played": "Anuak mancala.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sudan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anywoli" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1110, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1110-aweet/", "name": "Aweet", "native": "Aweet", "alt": [ "Awet" ], "countries": [ "Sudan" ], "country_codes": [ "SD" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Dinka mancala variant.", "how_played": "Dinka mancala variant.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sudan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mancala_games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1116, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1116-adji-boto/", "name": "Adji-boto", "native": "Adji-boto", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Suriname" ], "country_codes": [ "SR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Mancala game of the Saramaccan Maroons; played for ten days after a death and boards are made only by widows.", "how_played": "Mancala game of the Saramaccan Maroons; played for ten days after a death and boards are made only by widows.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Suriname.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adji-boto" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1118, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1118-brannboll/", "name": "Brännboll", "native": "Brännboll", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sweden" ], "country_codes": [ "SE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "A bat-and-ball game where batters run around four bases and fielders tag or catch them.", "how_played": "A bat-and-ball game where batters run around four bases and fielders tag or catch them.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sweden.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnboll", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnbollscupen" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01118-brannboll.jpg", "author": "EditorInTheRye", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brannboll.png" } }, { "id": 1120, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1120-kubb/", "name": "Kubb", "native": "Kubb", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sweden" ], "country_codes": [ "SE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Teams throw batons at wooden blocks across a pitch and finish by toppling the king.", "how_played": "Teams throw batons at wooden blocks across a pitch and finish by toppling the king.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sweden.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubb", "https://www.kubb.world/the-game" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01120-kubb.jpg", "author": "Joshfeathers", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_National_Kubb_Championship.jpg" } }, { "id": 1128, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1128-syrian-mancala/", "name": "Syrian mancala", "native": "La'b Madjnuni", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Syria" ], "country_codes": [ "SY" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Syrian sowing game; Gaziantep Mangala is said to resemble it.", "how_played": "Syrian sowing game; Gaziantep Mangala is said to resemble it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Syria.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangala_(game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1131, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1131-taiwanese-mahjong/", "name": "Taiwanese mahjong", "native": "台灣麻將 Táiwān májiàng", "alt": [ "16-tile mahjong" ], "countries": [ "Taiwan" ], "country_codes": [ "TW" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Mahjong where each hand holds 16 tiles instead of 13, played with 144 tiles and Taiwan-specific scoring.", "how_played": "Mahjong where each hand holds 16 tiles instead of 13, played with 144 tiles and Taiwan-specific scoring.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Taiwan.", "sources": [ "https://www.taiwan-panorama.com/en/Articles/Details?Guid=129f95d3-c224-4b30-b711-8a091b347a4a&CatId=11&postname=The+True+Story+of+Mahjongg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahjong" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1132, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1132-chavgonbozi/", "name": "Chavgonbozi", "native": "Chavgonbozi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tajikistan" ], "country_codes": [ "TJ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Stick-and-ball games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Mounted mallet game akin to polo.", "how_played": "Mounted mallet game akin to polo.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tajikistan.", "sources": [ "https://eurasia.travel/tajikistan/culture/games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzkashi" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1133, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1133-gushtingiri-wrestling/", "name": "Gushtingiri wrestling", "native": "Gushtingiri", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tajikistan" ], "country_codes": [ "TJ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Robe and belt wrestling where first throw to the back wins.", "how_played": "Robe and belt wrestling where first throw to the back wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tajikistan.", "sources": [ "https://eurasia.travel/tajikistan/culture/games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzkashi" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01133-gushtingiri-wrestling.jpg", "author": "Martin Burns and the Farmer Burns School of Wrestling; scans by Gordon Anderson", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burns03-05-70-sprawl.jpg" } }, { "id": 1134, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1134-shatranj-chess/", "name": "Shatranj / chess", "native": "Shatranj", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tajikistan" ], "country_codes": [ "TJ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Ancestor chess form; Tajik/Persian heritage claim.", "how_played": "Ancestor chess form; Tajik/Persian heritage claim.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tajikistan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatranj" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01134-shatranj-chess.jpg", "author": "The Shâhnâmeh (Book of Kings) is major epic work of persian poetry \"Ferdowsi Tousi\".", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bayasanghori_Shahnameh_5_(cropped).jpg" } }, { "id": 1135, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1135-tanzanian-draughts/", "name": "Tanzanian draughts", "native": "Drafti", "alt": [ "Drafti" ], "countries": [ "Tanzania" ], "country_codes": [ "TZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "8x8 draughts with flying kings (a hybrid of American and Russian rules).", "how_played": "8x8 draughts with flying kings (a hybrid of American and Russian rules).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tanzania.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_draughts", "https://www.playok.com/en/tzdraughts/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1136, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1136-enkeshui/", "name": "Enkeshui", "native": "Enkeshui", "alt": [ "Endodoi" ], "countries": [ "Tanzania", "Kenya" ], "country_codes": [ "TZ", "KE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Maasai mancala played in Tanzania and Kenya.", "how_played": "Maasai mancala played in Tanzania and Kenya.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tanzania.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkeshui", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodoi" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1137, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1137-keram/", "name": "Keram", "native": "Keram", "alt": [ "Carrom" ], "countries": [ "Tanzania" ], "country_codes": [ "TZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Flick-disc board game, played in bars at night.", "how_played": "Flick-disc board game, played in bars at night.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tanzania.", "sources": [ "http://www.zanzibar-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1902" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1138, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1138-kibao/", "name": "Kibao", "native": "Kibao", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tanzania" ], "country_codes": [ "TZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Children's jumping contests with improvised gear.", "how_played": "Children's jumping contests with improvised gear.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tanzania.", "sources": [ "https://www.jambointernationaltour.com/traditional-games-in-tanzania/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1140, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1140-thai-pebbles/", "name": "Thai pebbles", "native": "Mak Kep", "alt": [ "Mak kep" ], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Toss one stone while collecting others in stages.", "how_played": "Toss one stone while collecting others in stages.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak_kep", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_traditional_games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1141, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1141-thai-chess/", "name": "Thai chess", "native": "Mak Ruk (Makruk)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "8x8 chess descendant with Khon and Met pieces, pawn promotion on the sixth rank.", "how_played": "8x8 chess descendant with Khon and Met pieces, pawn promotion on the sixth rank.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_traditional_games", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makruk" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1142, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1142-thai-checkers/", "name": "Thai checkers", "native": "Makhos", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "8x8 checkers with eight pieces per side and long-range kings.", "how_played": "8x8 checkers with eight pieces per side and long-range kings.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_traditional_games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1143, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1143-makyek/", "name": "Makyek", "native": "Makyek", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Thai custodian-capture game on an 8x8 board where rook-like pieces capture by sandwiching an enemy piece.", "how_played": "Thai custodian-capture game on an 8x8 board where rook-like pieces capture by sandwiching an enemy piece.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_traditional_games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1145, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1145-regional-pony-race-meets/", "name": "Regional pony race meets", "native": "Horse racing (Timor pony meets)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Timor-Leste" ], "country_codes": [ "TL" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Regional race meets run on the small, agile Timor pony; the only traditional pastime Wikipedia names for the country.", "how_played": "Regional race meets run on the small, agile Timor pony; the only traditional pastime Wikipedia names for the country.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Timor-Leste.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Timor-Leste" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01145-regional-pony-race-meets.jpg", "author": "Noah Salzman", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GGF_Race5.jpg" } }, { "id": 1146, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1146-heu/", "name": "Heu", "native": "Heu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tonga" ], "country_codes": [ "TO" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Hit a short stick off a hole with a long stick while avoiding being caught.", "how_played": "Hit a short stick off a hole with a long stick while avoiding being caught.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tonga.", "sources": [ "https://healthyfamiliessouthauckland.nz/revitalizing-traditional-tongan-games-hiko-heu/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1147, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1147-hiko/", "name": "Hiko", "native": "Hiko", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tonga" ], "country_codes": [ "TO" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Multi-generational juggling game traditionally for women.", "how_played": "Multi-generational juggling game traditionally for women.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tonga.", "sources": [ "https://healthyfamiliessouthauckland.nz/revitalizing-traditional-tongan-games-hiko-heu/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1148, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1148-kasivaki/", "name": "Kasivaki", "native": "Kasivaki", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tonga" ], "country_codes": [ "TO" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Ancient underwater team contest to carry a stone across the field.", "how_played": "Ancient underwater team contest to carry a stone across the field.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tonga.", "sources": [ "https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-ancient-traditions/kasivaki-0016152" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1149, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1149-tongan-cricket/", "name": "Tongan cricket", "native": "Kilikiti", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tonga" ], "country_codes": [ "TO" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Village-scale cricket variant played at community events.", "how_played": "Village-scale cricket variant played at community events.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tonga.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilikiti" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1150, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1150-lafo/", "name": "Lafo", "native": "Lafo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tonga" ], "country_codes": [ "TO" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "A mat game with small discs or seeds that appears in a Vava'u photograph from 1895; rules are not verified here.", "how_played": "A mat game with small discs or seeds that appears in a Vava'u photograph from 1895; rules are not verified here.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tonga.", "sources": [ "https://digitalnz.org/records/1852275", "https://healthyfamiliessouthauckland.nz/revitalizing-traditional-tongan-games-hiko-heu/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1151, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1151-yard-cricket/", "name": "Yard cricket", "native": "Cricket (street/yard)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Trinidad and Tobago", "Barbados", "Antigua and Barbuda", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Grenada", "Dominica" ], "country_codes": [ "TT", "BB", "AG", "VC", "GD", "DM" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Improvised backyard cricket with a homemade bat and ball.", "how_played": "Improvised backyard cricket with a homemade bat and ball.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda.", "sources": [ "https://www.jamrockmuseum.com/heritage/games-of-jamaica-from-street-corners-to-national-pride/", "https://barbados.org/barbados-traditions.htm", "https://www.allatsea.net/domino-effect-in-the-caribbean/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01151-yard-cricket.jpg", "author": "Prescott Pym on Flickr", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pollock_to_Hussey.jpg" } }, { "id": 1155, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1155-street-play-games/", "name": "Street play games", "native": "Marbles / Hopscotch / Skipping", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Trinidad and Tobago" ], "country_codes": [ "TT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Children's yard games.", "how_played": "Children's yard games.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Trinidad and Tobago.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/trinidad.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01155-street-play-games.jpg", "author": "Mohamed Hozyen Ahmed", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boys_playing_street_football_in_Egypt.jpg" } }, { "id": 1158, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1158-okey/", "name": "Okey", "native": "Okey", "alt": [ "Okey 101 is a variant" ], "countries": [ "Turkey", "Cyprus" ], "country_codes": [ "TR", "CY" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Four-player rummy played with 106 numbered tiles and a wild joker tile; make runs, sets or seven pairs to go out.", "how_played": "Four-player rummy played with 106 numbered tiles and a wild joker tile; make runs, sets or seven pairs to go out.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey, Cyprus.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okey", "https://www.pagat.com/national/turkey.html" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01158-okey.jpg", "author": "Patricia Cardet", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Okey-game-yukari-konak-3.jpg" } }, { "id": 1159, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1159-backgammon/", "name": "Backgammon", "native": "Tavla", "alt": [ "Tawla", "Shesh Besh", "Nard" ], "countries": [ "Turkey", "Israel", "Libya" ], "country_codes": [ "TR", "IL", "LY" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Dice-race tables game played in cafes and homes; usually a match of three variants (portes, plakoto/mahbusa-style, fevga).", "how_played": "Dice-race tables game played in cafes and homes; usually a match of three variants (portes, plakoto/mahbusa-style, fevga).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey, Israel, Libya.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backgammon", "https://www.pagat.com/national/turkey.html", "https://ruleofcard.com/world/top-card-games-in-turkey/", "https://greekcitytimes.com/2026/04/27/ptolemais-game-boards-libya-greek" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1162, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1162-steel-and-stick/", "name": "Steel-and-stick", "native": "Çelik çomak", "alt": [ "Çelik çomak" ], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Street game where a short stick is struck with a longer stick and distance is scored.", "how_played": "Street game where a short stick is struck with a longer stick and distance is scored.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 1164, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1164-mangala/", "name": "Mangala", "native": "Mangala", "alt": [ "Mangola" ], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Ottoman-era sowing game with 2x6 or 2x7 pits and capture on even counts.", "how_played": "Ottoman-era sowing game with 2x6 or 2x7 pits and capture on even counts.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangala_(game)" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01164-mangala.jpg", "author": "Johann Samuel Mock", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mock_Mangala_players.jpg" } }, { "id": 1166, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1166-101-okey/", "name": "101 Okey", "native": "Yüzbir Okey", "alt": [ "Okey 101" ], "countries": [ "Turkey" ], "country_codes": [ "TR" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Okey variant with melding during play and point penalties across rounds.", "how_played": "Okey variant with melding during play and point penalties across rounds.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkey.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/turkey.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1168, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1168-nard-backgammon/", "name": "Nard / backgammon", "native": "Nard", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkmenistan", "Tajikistan" ], "country_codes": [ "TM", "TJ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Dice race board game.", "how_played": "Dice race board game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkmenistan, Tajikistan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nard_(game)" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01168-nard-backgammon.jpg", "author": "Unknown author Unknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buzurgmihr-nard.jpg" } }, { "id": 1169, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1169-ashyk/", "name": "Ashyk", "native": "Ashyk", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkmenistan" ], "country_codes": [ "TM" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Bone toss and flick games with sheep ankle bones.", "how_played": "Bone toss and flick games with sheep ankle bones.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkmenistan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knucklebones" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1170, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1170-turkmen-akhal-teke-equestrian-games/", "name": "Turkmen Akhal-Teke equestrian games", "native": "Atly oyunlary", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkmenistan" ], "country_codes": [ "TM" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Horse beauty, racing and riding games tied to weddings and the Akhal-Teke breed.", "how_played": "Horse beauty, racing and riding games tied to weddings and the Akhal-Teke breed.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkmenistan.", "sources": [ "https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/art-of-akhal-teke-horse-breeding-and-traditions-of-horses-decoration-01978" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1171, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1171-fuu-fuu-penu/", "name": "Fuu Fuu Penu", "native": "Fuu Fuu Penu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tuvalu" ], "country_codes": [ "TV" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Players sit in a circle with eyes closed while someone drops an object behind a player and runs; if the chosen player catches the placer before reaching the empty spot, roles swap.", "how_played": "Players sit in a circle with eyes closed while someone drops an object behind a player and runs; if the chosen player catches the placer before reaching the empty spot, roles swap.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tuvalu.", "sources": [ "https://healthyfamiliessouthauckland.nz/culture-and-community-all-part-of-tuvalus-traditional-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1172, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1172-tuvaluan-kilikiti/", "name": "Tuvaluan kilikiti", "native": "Kilikiti", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tuvalu" ], "country_codes": [ "TV" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Community cricket with fatele.", "how_played": "Community cricket with fatele.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tuvalu.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilikiti", "https://healthyfamiliessouthauckland.nz/culture-and-community-all-part-of-tuvalus-traditional-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1173, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1173-duulu/", "name": "Duulu", "native": "Duulu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uganda" ], "country_codes": [ "UG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Marble game aiming at a ground hole.", "how_played": "Marble game aiming at a ground hole.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uganda.", "sources": [ "https://www.habariugandatours.com/uganda-safari-local-games/", "https://steemit.com/games/@battebilly/duulu-is-one-of-the-most-interesting-game-in-uganda" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1174, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1174-kwepena/", "name": "Kwepena", "native": "Kwepena", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uganda" ], "country_codes": [ "UG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Buganda dodgeball with shooters at both ends.", "how_played": "Buganda dodgeball with shooters at both ends.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uganda.", "sources": [ "https://www.habariugandatours.com/uganda-safari-local-games/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01174-kwepena.jpg", "author": "Nice Musana", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Playing_Kwepena.jpg" } }, { "id": 1175, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1175-odede/", "name": "Odede", "native": "Odede", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uganda" ], "country_codes": [ "UG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Lango children's pretend-family game.", "how_played": "Lango children's pretend-family game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uganda.", "sources": [ "https://www.habariugandatours.com/uganda-safari-local-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1176, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1176-omweso/", "name": "Omweso", "native": "Omweso", "alt": [ "Mweso" ], "countries": [ "Uganda" ], "country_codes": [ "UG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Baganda national mancala on 4x8 board, once a royal court pastime.", "how_played": "Baganda national mancala on 4x8 board, once a royal court pastime.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uganda.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omweso", "https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/omweso-uganda-s-version-of-the-bao-board-game--1303048" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1177, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1177-shashki/", "name": "Shashki", "native": "Шашки", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ukraine", "Belarus", "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "UA", "BY", "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "8x8 draughts with flying kings and backwards captures; Poddavki and Bashni are popular variants.", "how_played": "8x8 draughts with flying kings and backwards captures; Poddavki and Bashni are popular variants.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ukraine, Belarus, Russia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_draughts" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01177-shashki.jpg", "author": "Gronchih", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg" } }, { "id": 1179, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1179-skittles/", "name": "Skittles", "native": "Skittles (Old English / Table / Long Alley)", "alt": [ "Table skittles", "Northamptonshire skittles" ], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Germany", "Liechtenstein" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "DE", "LI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Knock pins down by throwing a ball or cheese; many regional forms from alley skittles to Northamptonshire table skittles.", "how_played": "Knock pins down by throwing a ball or cheese; many regional forms from alley skittles to Northamptonshire table skittles.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Germany, Liechtenstein.", "sources": [ "https://www.tradgames.org.uk/features/pub-games.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pub_game" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1180, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1180-regional-pub-games/", "name": "Regional pub games", "native": "Bat and Trap / Aunt Sally / Toad in the Hole", "alt": [ "Ringing the Bull" ], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Regional pub and garden games: bat and trap (Kent), Aunt Sally (Oxfordshire), toad in the hole (Sussex), ringing the bull (Nottingham).", "how_played": "Regional pub and garden games: bat and trap (Kent), Aunt Sally (Oxfordshire), toad in the hole (Sussex), ringing the bull (Nottingham).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pub_game" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01180-regional-pub-games.jpg", "author": "Obscurasky", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indoor_Quoits.jpg" } }, { "id": 1181, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1181-curling/", "name": "Curling", "native": "Curling", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Slide stones over ice toward a target while teammates sweep; Scotland is its historic home.", "how_played": "Slide stones over ice toward a target while teammates sweep; Scotland is its historic home.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01181-curling.jpg", "author": "Glenlarson", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Curling,_overall_view_of_the_Tim_Hortons_Brier_venue_-_Edmonton,_Canada.jpg" } }, { "id": 1182, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1182-pub-darts/", "name": "Pub darts", "native": "Darts", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Throw darts at a numbered board, counting down from 501 to exactly zero; the standard pub and league game.", "how_played": "Throw darts at a numbered board, counting down from 501 to exactly zero; the standard pub and league game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://www.tradgames.org.uk/features/pub-games.htm" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01182-pub-darts.jpg", "author": "PeterPan23", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Darts_in_a_dartboard.jpg" } }, { "id": 1183, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1183-pub-dominoes/", "name": "Pub dominoes", "native": "Dominoes", "alt": [ "Fives and Threes", "Block", "Draw" ], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Pub dominoes: Fives and Threes scoring game and Block/Draw variants.", "how_played": "Pub dominoes: Fives and Threes scoring game and Block/Draw variants.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://www.pagat.com/national/britain.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1184, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1184-highland-games/", "name": "Highland games", "native": "Highland games heavy events", "alt": [ "Caber toss", "Stone put", "Maide-leisg" ], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Scottish gathering contests such as caber toss, stone put, hammer throw and the seated stick pull.", "how_played": "Scottish gathering contests such as caber toss, stone put, hammer throw and the seated stick pull.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_games" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1185, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1185-snooker/", "name": "Snooker", "native": "Snooker / Billiards", "alt": [ "English billiards" ], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Cue sport on a large table with 15 reds and six coloured balls, played in pubs, clubs and halls.", "how_played": "Cue sport on a large table with 15 reds and six coloured balls, played in pubs, clubs and halls.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 1193, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1193-chickenfoot/", "name": "Chickenfoot", "native": "Chickenfoot / Train Dominoes", "alt": [ "Mexican Train" ], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Spinner-hub family domino games where players build branching lines; Chickenfoot adds forked 'feet'.", "how_played": "Spinner-hub family domino games where players build branching lines; Chickenfoot adds forked 'feet'.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Train" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01193-chickenfoot.jpg", "author": "Liko81", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mexican_Train.jpg" } }, { "id": 1194, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1194-cornhole/", "name": "Cornhole", "native": "Cornhole", "alt": [ "Bags", "Sack toss" ], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Lawn game of tossing bean bags at an angled board with a hole; the ubiquitous tailgate game.", "how_played": "Lawn game of tossing bean bags at an angled board with a hole; the ubiquitous tailgate game.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://americancornhole.com/history/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornhole", "https://www.wvxu.org/2026-05-21/why-one-ohio-city-claims-to-be-the-capital-of-cornhole" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01194-cornhole.jpg", "author": "Michael Rivera", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cornhole,_Homerville.JPG" } }, { "id": 1195, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1195-texas-42/", "name": "Texas 42", "native": "Dominoes: Texas 42", "alt": [ "Forty-Two", "42" ], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dominoes and tile games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Partnership trick-taking game played with dominoes instead of cards; invented 1887 in Texas.", "how_played": "Partnership trick-taking game played with dominoes instead of cards; invented 1887 in Texas.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/forty-two-domino-game", "https://texashighways.com/state-symbols/the-texas-state-domino-game-42/" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01195-texas-42.jpg", "author": "Loadmaster (David R. Tribble)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dominoes84.jpg" } }, { "id": 1199, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1199-table-shuffleboard/", "name": "Table shuffleboard", "native": "Table Shuffleboard", "alt": [ "Shuffleboard" ], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Slide weighted pucks down a long waxed table (bar form) or push discs on a court (deck form).", "how_played": "Slide weighted pucks down a long waxed table (bar form) or push discs on a court (deck form).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuffleboard" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01199-table-shuffleboard.jpg", "author": "Hassocks5489 at English Wikipedia", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deck_Shuffleboard.JPG" } }, { "id": 1204, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1204-chavgon/", "name": "Chavgon", "native": "Chavgon", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uzbekistan" ], "country_codes": [ "UZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Riders drive a ball with mallets in an old polo form.", "how_played": "Riders drive a ball with mallets in an old polo form.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uzbekistan. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://people-travels.com/countries/uzbekistan-additional/uzbek-traditional-games-and-amusements", "https://www.advantour.com/uzbekistan/traditions/kupkari.htm" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1205, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1205-nard-long-backgammon/", "name": "Nard / long backgammon", "native": "Nard", "alt": [ "Nardy" ], "countries": [ "Uzbekistan" ], "country_codes": [ "UZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Race of 15 pieces per side around a 24-point board using dice and parallel movement.", "how_played": "Race of 15 pieces per side around a 24-point board using dice and parallel movement.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uzbekistan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nard_(game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1206, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1206-shashki-chess/", "name": "Shashki / chess", "native": "Shashka", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uzbekistan" ], "country_codes": [ "UZ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Draughts and chess are the common board games in Russian-influenced Central Asia.", "how_played": "Draughts and chess are the common board games in Russian-influenced Central Asia.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uzbekistan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draughts" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1208, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1208-kastom-games/", "name": "Kastom games", "native": "Children's kastom games", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Vanuatu" ], "country_codes": [ "VU" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Traditional children's games shown in Tanna cultural villages; no specific game named.", "how_played": "Traditional children's games shown in Tanna cultural villages; no specific game named.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vanuatu.", "sources": [ "https://vanuatupocketguide.com/best-cultural-villages-in-vanuatu" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1209, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1209-vanuatu-cricket/", "name": "Vanuatu cricket", "native": "Cricket", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Vanuatu" ], "country_codes": [ "VU" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Cricket growing in Vanuatu; a village kilikiti form is not confirmed in sources.", "how_played": "Cricket growing in Vanuatu; a village kilikiti form is not confirmed in sources.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vanuatu.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Vanuatu" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1211, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1211-loteria/", "name": "Lotería", "native": "Lotería", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Venezuela" ], "country_codes": [ "VE" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Picture bingo.", "how_played": "Picture bingo.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Venezuela.", "sources": [ "https://www.notilogia.com/juegos-tradicionales-de-venezuela/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1212, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1212-perinola/", "name": "Perinola", "native": "Perinola", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Venezuela" ], "country_codes": [ "VE" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Catch a wooden ball in a cup joined by cord.", "how_played": "Catch a wooden ball in a cup joined by cord.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Venezuela.", "sources": [ "https://www.asieravenezuela.com/p/los-juguetes-tradicionales-de-la.html" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1213, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1213-gourd-crab-dice/", "name": "Gourd-crab dice", "native": "Bau Cua Ca Cop", "alt": [ "Bầu Cua Cá Cọp" ], "countries": [ "Vietnam" ], "country_codes": [ "VN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Dice with six symbols; players bet on the face-up symbol, especially at Tet.", "how_played": "Dice with six symbols; players bet on the face-up symbol, especially at Tet.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vietnam.", "sources": [ "https://vinwonders.com/en/wonderpedia/news/traditional-vietnamese-games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bầu_Cua_Cá_Cọp" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01213-gourd-crab-dice.jpg", "author": "Krestavilis ( talk ) ( Uploads )", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bau_cua_ca_cop.jpg" } }, { "id": 1214, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1214-horse-race-ludo/", "name": "Horse race ludo", "native": "Co Ca Ngua", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Vietnam" ], "country_codes": [ "VN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Pachisi-type race game via French influence.", "how_played": "Pachisi-type race game via French influence.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vietnam. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://vinwonders.com/en/wonderpedia/news/traditional-vietnamese-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1215, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1215-vietnamese-xiangqi/", "name": "Vietnamese xiangqi", "native": "Co Tuong", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Vietnam" ], "country_codes": [ "VN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Chinese-chess form with a river dividing 9x10 board; ubiquitous in streets and cafes.", "how_played": "Chinese-chess form with a river dividing 9x10 board; ubiquitous in streets and cafes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vietnam.", "sources": [ "https://vinwonders.com/en/wonderpedia/news/traditional-vietnamese-games/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1216, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1216-mandarin-square-capturing/", "name": "Mandarin square capturing", "native": "O An Quan", "alt": [ "Ô Ăn Quan" ], "countries": [ "Vietnam" ], "country_codes": [ "VN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Mancala game drawn on the ground; capture mandarin pieces and pebbles.", "how_played": "Mancala game drawn on the ground; capture mandarin pieces and pebbles.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vietnam.", "sources": [ "https://vinwonders.com/en/wonderpedia/news/traditional-vietnamese-games/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ô_ăn_quan" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01216-mandarin-square-capturing.jpg", "author": "Tieu ngao giang ho1970", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oanquan0.JPG" } }, { "id": 1219, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1219-arabian-mancala/", "name": "Arabian mancala", "native": "Mancala (regional)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Yemen" ], "country_codes": [ "YE" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Two players sow seeds along pits and capture; the Arabian mancala family.", "how_played": "Two players sow seeds along pits and capture; the Arabian mancala family. Yemeni specific name and rules not verified.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Yemen.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancala" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1220, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1220-nsolo/", "name": "Nsolo", "native": "Nsolo", "alt": [ "Isolo", "Insolo" ], "countries": [ "Zambia", "Malawi" ], "country_codes": [ "ZM", "MW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Large four-row mancala dug in the ground; some boards up to 4x36.", "how_played": "Large four-row mancala dug in the ground; some boards up to 4x36.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Zambia, Malawi.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsolo", "https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/39605/nsolo", "https://mancala.fandom.com/wiki/Isolo_I" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1221, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1221-zambian-childrens-games/", "name": "Zambian children's games", "native": "Children's games (Culture Trip list of 7)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Zambia" ], "country_codes": [ "ZM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Culture Trip piece covers seven childhood games; page timed out so contents unverified.", "how_played": "Culture Trip piece covers seven childhood games; page timed out so contents unverified.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Zambia.", "sources": [ "https://theculturetrip.com/africa/zambia/articles/capture-your-inner-child-with-these-7-traditional-games-from-zambia" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1222, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1222-tsoro/", "name": "Tsoro", "native": "Tsoro", "alt": [ "Tsoro Mancala" ], "countries": [ "Zimbabwe" ], "country_codes": [ "ZW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Mancala and sowing games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Shona mancala.", "how_played": "Shona mancala.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Zimbabwe.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsoro", "https://www.thezimbabwean.co/2022/12/traditional-zimbabwean-pebble-games-with-western-cousins/" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 1223, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1223-acadja-fish-park/", "name": "Acadja Fish Park", "native": "Acadja", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Benin" ], "country_codes": [ "BJ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Plant branch fences in shallow lagoon water so fish gather and breed, then harvest at the right moment, balancing growth, currents and neighbouring parks.", "how_played": "Plant branch fences in shallow lagoon water so fish gather and breed, then harvest at the right moment, balancing growth, currents and neighbouring parks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Benin.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acadja_of_Ganvi%C3%A9.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01223-acadja-fish-park.jpg", "author": "jbdodane", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acadja_of_Ganvi%C3%A9.jpg" } }, { "id": 1224, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1224-afghan-rubab-strings/", "name": "Afghan Rubab Strings", "native": "رباب", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Afghanistan" ], "country_codes": [ "AF" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Pluck the main and sympathetic strings in melodic patterns to match raags and keep a drone, using a clean fretless-slide gesture.", "how_played": "Pluck the main and sympathetic strings in melodic patterns to match raags and keep a drone, using a clean fretless-slide gesture.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Afghanistan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rubab_Player.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01224-afghan-rubab-strings.jpg", "author": "Ninaras", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rubab_Player.jpg" } }, { "id": 1226, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1226-ajrak-block-printing/", "name": "Ajrak block printing", "native": "اجرک", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "PK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Stamp a wooden block in resist paste, dye in indigo and madder red, and wash to reveal the dense geometric border-and-centre pattern.", "how_played": "Stamp a wooden block in resist paste, dye in indigo and madder red, and wash to reveal the dense geometric border-and-centre pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Pakistan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ajrak.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01226-ajrak-block-printing.jpg", "author": "Ahub1988", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ajrak.jpg" } }, { "id": 1228, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1228-allo-nettle-fibre-weaving/", "name": "Allo nettle fibre weaving", "native": "अल्लो", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "country_codes": [ "NP" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Work through the steps of turning a wild Himalayan nettle stalk into cloth: harvest, strip and boil the bark, spin the yarn, set the loom, then weave a pattern band on a backstrap or frame loom.", "how_played": "Work through the steps of turning a wild Himalayan nettle stalk into cloth: harvest, strip and boil the bark, spin the yarn, set the loom, then weave a pattern band on a backstrap or frame loom.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nepal. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rai_women_weaving_cloth_from_Allo_Nettle_fibres.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01228-allo-nettle-fibre-weaving.jpg", "author": "Rachhenhang Rai", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rai_women_weaving_cloth_from_Allo_Nettle_fibres.jpg" } }, { "id": 1229, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1229-antaimoro-flower-paper/", "name": "Antaimoro flower paper", "native": "Antaimoro flower paper", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Madagascar" ], "country_codes": [ "MG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Beat bark pulp into a sheet, press real flowers and leaves in a pattern, and dry it to make decorative paper.", "how_played": "Beat bark pulp into a sheet, press real flowers and leaves in a pattern, and dry it to make decorative paper.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Madagascar.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antaimoro-papier,_Ambalavao_05_(cropped).JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01229-antaimoro-flower-paper.jpg", "author": "Heinonlein", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antaimoro-papier,_Ambalavao_05_(cropped).JPG" } }, { "id": 1230, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1230-asafo-flag-applique/", "name": "Asafo Flag Appliqué", "native": "Asafo flags", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana" ], "country_codes": [ "GH" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Stitch cut fabric figures (ships, animals, crowns, anchors) on a square flag to match a motto-picture card, then compare against rival company designs.", "how_played": "Stitch cut fabric figures (ships, animals, crowns, anchors) on a square flag to match a motto-picture card, then compare against rival company designs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Asafo_no_1_company_flag.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01230-asafo-flag-applique.jpg", "author": "Lucasliso", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Asafo_no_1_company_flag.jpg" } }, { "id": 1231, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1231-al-qatt-al-asiri-wall-painting/", "name": "Al-Qatt Al-Asiri Wall Painting", "native": "القط العسيري", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Saudi Arabia" ], "country_codes": [ "SA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Women of Asir paint bold geometric bands on house walls; the player repeats and mirrors colour bands and triangles to complete a room's mural to a template.", "how_played": "Women of Asir paint bold geometric bands on house walls; the player repeats and mirrors colour bands and triangles to complete a room's mural to a template.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Saudi Arabia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rojal_Heritage_Village_-_Rijal_Almaa_Heritage_Village,_Asir,_Saudi_Arabia-3.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01231-al-qatt-al-asiri-wall-painting.jpg", "author": "Shijan Kaakkara", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rojal_Heritage_Village_-_Rijal_Almaa_Heritage_Village,_Asir,_Saudi_Arabia-3.jpg" } }, { "id": 1232, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1232-axemen-woodchop/", "name": "Axemen woodchop", "native": "Woodchopping", "alt": [ "Woodchopping", "also spelled wood-chopping or wood chopping" ], "countries": [ "Australia" ], "country_codes": [ "AU" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Time swings to chop a log into two cleanly in the shortest number of strokes, adjusting stance and rhythm; compete in knockout heats.", "how_played": "Time swings to chop a log into two cleanly in the shortest number of strokes, adjusting stance and rhythm; compete in knockout heats.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Australia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woodchopping_state_rivalry.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodchopping" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01232-axemen-woodchop.jpg", "author": "Thiscouldbeauser", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woodchopping_state_rivalry.jpg" } }, { "id": 1233, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1233-babatone/", "name": "Babatone", "native": "Babatone (one-string bass)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malawi" ], "country_codes": [ "MW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Sit with a tall one-string home-made bass, press a bottle slide along the string and strike or pluck in time with a groove.", "how_played": "Sit with a tall one-string home-made bass, press a bottle slide along the string and strike or pluck in time with a groove.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malawi.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gasper_Nali_-_Purbeck_Valley_Folk_Festival_2022_(52319846585).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01233-babatone.jpg", "author": "Stephen and Helen Jones from England", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gasper_Nali_-_Purbeck_Valley_Folk_Festival_2022_(52319846585).jpg" } }, { "id": 1235, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1235-balanta-mangrove-rice-polder/", "name": "Balanta Mangrove Rice Polder", "native": "Balanta bolanha rice", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guinea-Bissau" ], "country_codes": [ "GW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Build earth dikes and sluice gates around a tidal mangrove field so fresh rainwater is trapped and salt tide stays out, then plant and harvest rice.", "how_played": "Build earth dikes and sluice gates around a tidal mangrove field so fresh rainwater is trapped and salt tide stays out, then plant and harvest rice.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guinea-Bissau. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brigada_balanta_de_agricultores.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01235-balanta-mangrove-rice-polder.jpg", "author": "Demétrio Delizoicov Neto", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brigada_balanta_de_agricultores.jpg" } }, { "id": 1236, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1236-banig-mat-weaving/", "name": "Banig mat weaving", "native": "banig", "alt": [ "Banig" ], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Interlace dyed palm strips over and under on a grid to reproduce a geometric banig pattern within a limited number of strips.", "how_played": "Interlace dyed palm strips over and under on a grid to reproduce a geometric banig pattern within a limited number of strips.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mat_(Banig)_Weaving_at_Saob_Cave_in_Brgy._Basiao,_Basey,_Samar.JPG", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banig" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01236-banig-mat-weaving.jpg", "author": "Lawrence Ruiz", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mat_(Banig)_Weaving_at_Saob_Cave_in_Brgy._Basiao,_Basey,_Samar.JPG" } }, { "id": 1237, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1237-kurai/", "name": "Kurai", "native": "Ҡурай", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Blow across the open reed tube while covering and uncovering holes to play drawn-out melodies.", "how_played": "Blow across the open reed tube while covering and uncovering holes to play drawn-out melodies.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quray_(2022-10-04).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01237-kurai.jpg", "author": "Vyacheslav Kirillin", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quray_(2022-10-04).jpg" } }, { "id": 1238, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1238-basotho-pony-mountain-race/", "name": "Basotho pony mountain race", "native": "Basotho pony mountain race", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lesotho" ], "country_codes": [ "LS" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Racing", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Ride a sure-footed Basotho pony along a mountain track, pacing stamina and choosing lines to beat rivals to the finish.", "how_played": "Ride a sure-footed Basotho pony along a mountain track, pacing stamina and choosing lines to beat rivals to the finish.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lesotho. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pere_ya_Basotho.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01238-basotho-pony-mountain-race.jpg", "author": "Nakengtsapoho", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pere_ya_Basotho.jpg" } }, { "id": 1239, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1239-sri-lankan-batik-wax-resist-painting/", "name": "Sri Lankan batik wax-resist painting", "native": "බතික්", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Draw wax outlines on cloth, then dye in coloured baths in the right order so each layer of resist keeps its colour, ending with a finished wall hanging.", "how_played": "Draw wax outlines on cloth, then dye in coloured baths in the right order so each layer of resist keeps its colour, ending with a finished wall hanging.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_with_brush_painting_batik_Sri_Lanka.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01239-sri-lankan-batik-wax-resist-painting.jpg", "author": "Peter van der Sluijs", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_with_brush_painting_batik_Sri_Lanka.JPG" } }, { "id": 1240, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1240-bedouin-coffee-pour/", "name": "Bedouin Coffee Pour", "native": "Qahwa Bedawiyya / قهوة بدوية", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Jordan" ], "country_codes": [ "JO" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Roast, grind, boil in the dallah and pour tiny cups from a height without spilling, serving guests in the right order with the proper amount.", "how_played": "Roast, grind, boil in the dallah and pour tiny cups from a height without spilling, serving guests in the right order with the proper amount.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Jordan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jordan_2021_P135_Aldi_Bedouin_Coffee.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01240-bedouin-coffee-pour.jpg", "author": "Fallaner", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jordan_2021_P135_Aldi_Bedouin_Coffee.jpg" } }, { "id": 1241, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1241-beehive-panel-painter/", "name": "Beehive Panel Painter", "native": "Panjske končnice", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Slovenia" ], "country_codes": [ "SI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Match small painted scenes to the right panel front on a stacked apiary, uncover funny proverb pictures and complete a wall of hive fronts.", "how_played": "Match small painted scenes to the right panel front on a stacked apiary, uncover funny proverb pictures and complete a wall of hive fronts.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Slovenia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BeekeepingMuseumRadovljica_(13).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01241-beehive-panel-painter.jpg", "author": "CeeGee", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BeekeepingMuseumRadovljica_(13).jpg" } }, { "id": 1242, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1242-bilum-looped-string-bag/", "name": "Bilum looped string bag", "native": "Bilum", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Papua New Guinea" ], "country_codes": [ "PG" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Loop coloured thread row by row to build a bag, choosing colour order to form the designs, then fill it with market goods.", "how_played": "Loop coloured thread row by row to build a bag, choosing colour order to form the designs, then fill it with market goods.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Papua New Guinea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:String_bag_(bilum)_from_Papua_New_Guinea,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01242-bilum-looped-string-bag.jpg", "author": "Hiart", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:String_bag_(bilum)_from_Papua_New_Guinea,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG" } }, { "id": 1243, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1243-bo-sang-umbrella-painting/", "name": "Bo Sang umbrella painting", "native": "ร่มบ่อสร้าง", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "country_codes": [ "TH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Wind-stretch paper over a bamboo frame, paint a bold flower or landscape in layers of color and spin the open umbrella to check your design.", "how_played": "Wind-stretch paper over a bamboo frame, paint a bold flower or landscape in layers of color and spin the open umbrella to check your design.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Thailand.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schirme_gr%C3%BCn_rot_blau_Bo_Sang_Ching_Mai_Thailand.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01243-bo-sang-umbrella-painting.jpg", "author": "Grossbildjaeger", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schirme_gr%C3%BCn_rot_blau_Bo_Sang_Ching_Mai_Thailand.jpg" } }, { "id": 1244, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1244-bolesawiec-stamped-pottery/", "name": "Bolesławiec Stamped Pottery", "native": "Ceramika bolesławiecka", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Poland" ], "country_codes": [ "PL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Press sponge stamps in a repeating dotted-and-floral pattern around a cobalt-glazed jug or bowl, then fire it and see how your design looks.", "how_played": "Press sponge stamps in a repeating dotted-and-floral pattern around a cobalt-glazed jug or bowl, then fire it and see how your design looks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Poland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2023_Ceramika_boles%C5%82awiecka_(1).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01244-bolesawiec-stamped-pottery.jpg", "author": "Jacek Halicki", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2023_Ceramika_boles%C5%82awiecka_(1).jpg" } }, { "id": 1245, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1245-bolga-basket-weaver/", "name": "Bolga Basket Weaver", "native": "Bolga baskets", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ghana" ], "country_codes": [ "GH" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Coil and weave dyed elephant-grass strands into baskets, matching size and colour patterns to market orders as you build up quick stacks.", "how_played": "Coil and weave dyed elephant-grass strands into baskets, matching size and colour patterns to market orders as you build up quick stacks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Weaving_buskets_at_the_Bolga_market.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01245-bolga-basket-weaver.jpg", "author": "Dnshitobu", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Weaving_buskets_at_the_Bolga_market.jpg" } }, { "id": 1247, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1247-bouzouki-strum/", "name": "Bouzouki Strum", "native": "Μπουζούκι", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Greece" ], "country_codes": [ "GR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Pluck paired steel strings in a quick tremolo as notes fall, shifting between rebetiko scale modes.", "how_played": "Pluck paired steel strings in a quick tremolo as notes fall, shifting between rebetiko scale modes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Greece.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bouzouki_player.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01247-bouzouki-strum.jpg", "author": "Udi Cohen (Udico)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bouzouki_player.jpg" } }, { "id": 1248, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1248-stilt-village-builder/", "name": "Stilt-village builder", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Brunei", "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "BN", "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Lay out a village of stilt-houses, walkways, bridges and a market jetty on the water so every house connects to a landing and keeps its boat berth free.", "how_played": "Lay out a village of stilt-houses, walkways, bridges and a market jetty on the water so every house connects to a landing and keeps its boat berth free.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Brunei, Malaysia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Malay_Craftsmanship_%26_Technology_in_Brunei_07.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01248-stilt-village-builder.jpg", "author": "Tawinann", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Malay_Craftsmanship_%26_Technology_in_Brunei_07.jpg" } }, { "id": 1249, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1249-buganda-barkcloth-making/", "name": "Buganda barkcloth making", "native": "Olubugo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uganda" ], "country_codes": [ "UG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Strip the mutuba bark, beat it with mallets to broaden the cloth, and dry it.", "how_played": "Strip the mutuba bark, beat it with mallets to broaden the cloth, and dry it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uganda. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Back_cloth_preparation_from_a_fig_tree_in_Uganda_04.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01249-buganda-barkcloth-making.jpg", "author": "Joyce Nanjobe Kawooya joycenanjobekawooya@gmail.com", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Back_cloth_preparation_from_a_fig_tree_in_Uganda_04.jpg" } }, { "id": 1250, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1250-burundian-drum-ensemble/", "name": "Burundian drum ensemble", "native": "Ingoma y'Burundi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Burundi" ], "country_codes": [ "BI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Players on a row of tall tapered drums hit the beat patterns shown as falling notes, one drummer layer at a time, building the full ensemble.", "how_played": "Players on a row of tall tapered drums hit the beat patterns shown as falling notes, one drummer layer at a time, building the full ensemble.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Burundi. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drummers_of_Burundi_in_Durban_2012.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01250-burundian-drum-ensemble.jpg", "author": "Vulane Mthembu", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drummers_of_Burundi_in_Durban_2012.jpg" } }, { "id": 1251, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1251-batuque-cloth-drum-circle/", "name": "Batuque Cloth-Drum Circle", "native": "Batuque (Santiago, Cabo Verde)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cape Verde" ], "country_codes": [ "CV" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Beat tight cloth bundles clamped between the thighs in a polyrhythm while a leader sings a call, and answer each phrase with the group's pattern.", "how_played": "Beat tight cloth bundles clamped between the thighs in a polyrhythm while a leader sings a call, and answer each phrase with the group's pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cape Verde. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JRD_-_Cidade_Velha,_Ilha_de_S._Thiago,_Cabo_Verde_–_Um_grupo_de_indígenas_(depois_d'um_batuque).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01251-batuque-cloth-drum-circle.jpg", "author": "unknown, early 20th century postcard", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JRD_-_Cidade_Velha,_Ilha_de_S._Thiago,_Cabo_Verde_–_Um_grupo_de_indígenas_(depois_d'um_batuque).jpg" } }, { "id": 1252, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1252-chamba-rumal-embroidery/", "name": "Chamba rumal embroidery", "native": "चम्बा रूमाल", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Stitch matching mirror-image double-satin flowers, birds and trees onto fine cotton so the pattern looks identical on both sides, following a drawn outline.", "how_played": "Stitch matching mirror-image double-satin flowers, birds and trees onto fine cotton so the pattern looks identical on both sides, following a drawn outline.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19th_Century_Chamba_Rumal.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01252-chamba-rumal-embroidery.jpg", "author": "Brahmavadini", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19th_Century_Chamba_Rumal.jpg" } }, { "id": 1253, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1253-champ-de-mars-turf/", "name": "Champ de Mars turf", "native": "Champ de Mars turf (island horse racing)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mauritius" ], "country_codes": [ "MU" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Sports with animal partners", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Train and time a horse around the oval of the Port Louis racecourse, balancing pace and the final sprint.", "how_played": "Train and time a horse around the oval of the Port Louis racecourse, balancing pace and the final sprint.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mauritius. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01253-champ-de-mars-turf.jpg", "author": "Martin Falbisoner", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse.JPG" } }, { "id": 1254, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1254-chechia-felt-cap-workshop/", "name": "Chechia Felt-Cap Workshop", "native": "Chechia / شاشية", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tunisia" ], "country_codes": [ "TN" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Move a knitted wool cap through the real steps (knit, full by trampling, tease with thistle, dye vermilion, block on a mould, brush) by timing each station for even felting.", "how_played": "Move a knitted wool cap through the real steps (knit, full by trampling, tease with thistle, dye vermilion, block on a mould, brush) by timing each station for even felting.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tunisia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chechia_Maker_in_his_shop.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01254-chechia-felt-cap-workshop.jpg", "author": "IssamBarhoumi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chechia_Maker_in_his_shop.jpg" } }, { "id": 1255, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1255-churchkhela/", "name": "Churchkhela", "native": "ჩურჩხელა", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Georgia" ], "country_codes": [ "GE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "String walnuts and dip them repeatedly into thick grape juice batter, timing the dips and drying to make straight even strings.", "how_played": "String walnuts and dip them repeatedly into thick grape juice batter, timing the dips and drying to make straight even strings.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Georgia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Churchkhela_on_the_market.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01255-churchkhela.jpg", "author": "Helen Owl", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Churchkhela_on_the_market.jpg" } }, { "id": 1256, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1256-cicmany-house-ornament-painting/", "name": "Čičmany House Ornament Painting", "native": "Čičmianske ornamenty", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Slovakia" ], "country_codes": [ "SK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Draw white geometric symbols and bird figures on a dark log-house wall following the embroidery grammar of Čičmany, matching a pattern shown to you.", "how_played": "Draw white geometric symbols and bird figures on a dark log-house wall following the embroidery grammar of Čičmany, matching a pattern shown to you.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Slovakia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wooden_house,_%C4%8Ci%C4%8Dmany,_Slovakia.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01256-cicmany-house-ornament-painting.jpg", "author": "Szombat78", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wooden_house,_%C4%8Ci%C4%8Dmany,_Slovakia.jpg" } }, { "id": 1257, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1257-ciftelia/", "name": "Çiftelia", "native": "Çiftelia", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Albania" ], "country_codes": [ "AL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Pluck the melody string while the drone string keeps time, matching falling notes in a bright highland song.", "how_played": "Pluck the melody string while the drone string keeps time, matching falling notes in a bright highland song.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Albania.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Çifteli_2021.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01257-ciftelia.jpg", "author": "A.jobs02", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Çifteli_2021.jpg" } }, { "id": 1258, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1258-cimbalom/", "name": "Cimbalom", "native": "Cimbalom", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Hungary" ], "country_codes": [ "HU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Strike strings with two mallets, following scrolling notes on the trapezoid layout, building tremolos and ornamented runs.", "how_played": "Strike strings with two mallets, following scrolling notes on the trapezoid layout, building tremolos and ornamented runs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Hungary.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hammered_dulcimer_-_Omaszta_House,_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9scsaba,_Hungary.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01258-cimbalom.jpg", "author": "Sir Morosus", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hammered_dulcimer_-_Omaszta_House,_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9scsaba,_Hungary.jpg" } }, { "id": 1259, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1259-ngalawa-outrigger-sailing/", "name": "Ngalawa outrigger sailing", "native": "Ngalawa outrigger sailing (Comoros)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Comoros" ], "country_codes": [ "KM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Balance an outrigger canoe in the swell, trimming a sail to catch the monsoon wind, steering between reefs to bring the day's fish to the beach.", "how_played": "Balance an outrigger canoe in the swell, trimming a sail to catch the monsoon wind, steering between reefs to bring the day's fish to the beach.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Comoros.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitsamiouli_beach_pirogues_Comoros.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01259-ngalawa-outrigger-sailing.jpg", "author": "Radosław Botev", "licence": "CC BY 3.0 pl", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitsamiouli_beach_pirogues_Comoros.jpg" } }, { "id": 1260, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1260-cuneiform-clay-tablet-scribe/", "name": "Cuneiform Clay Tablet Scribe", "native": "Cuneiform / مسمارية", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iraq" ], "country_codes": [ "IQ" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Press a reed stylus into wet clay at the right angles to form wedge signs and complete a record tablet before it dries.", "how_played": "Press a reed stylus into wet clay at the right angles to form wedge signs and complete a record tablet before it dries.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iraq.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cuneiform_Akkadian_clay_tablet_1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01260-cuneiform-clay-tablet-scribe.jpg", "author": "Original author unknown. Translation help provided by Manuel Molina.", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cuneiform_Akkadian_clay_tablet_1.jpg" } }, { "id": 1262, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1262-dahomey-applique-panel-studio/", "name": "Dahomey Appliqué Panel Studio", "native": "Appliqué d'Abomey (fabric panels)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Benin" ], "country_codes": [ "BJ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Cut and stitch bold felt shapes (animals, tools, ships) onto a cotton ground, choosing from a symbol library and balancing colour to match a commission card.", "how_played": "Cut and stitch bold felt shapes (animals, tools, ships) onto a cotton ground, choosing from a symbol library and balancing colour to match a commission card.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Benin. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abomey-Tissus_appliqu%C3%A9s.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01262-dahomey-applique-panel-studio.jpg", "author": "Ji-Elle", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abomey-Tissus_appliqu%C3%A9s.jpg" } }, { "id": 1263, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1263-dakar-car-rapide-livery-painter/", "name": "Dakar Car Rapide Livery Painter", "native": "Car rapide", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Senegal" ], "country_codes": [ "SN" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Paint a Dakar minibus bumper to roof with bright panels, stripes, lettering and decorative motifs, while a client brief asks for specific colours and patterns.", "how_played": "Paint a Dakar minibus bumper to roof with bright panels, stripes, lettering and decorative motifs, while a client brief asks for specific colours and patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Senegal. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Car_rapide_à_Dakar_(quartier_HLM).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01263-dakar-car-rapide-livery-painter.jpg", "author": "Lisa Coulaud", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Car_rapide_à_Dakar_(quartier_HLM).jpg" } }, { "id": 1267, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1267-digor/", "name": "Digor", "native": "དྲིག་གོར།", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bhutan" ], "country_codes": [ "BT" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Two teams hurl flat round stones about 20 metres at a peg in the ground; the stone landing within a hand-span of the peg scores, and you may knock rivals away.", "how_played": "Two teams hurl flat round stones about 20 metres at a peg in the ground; the stone landing within a hand-span of the peg scores, and you may knock rivals away.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bhutan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Playing_Degor.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01267-digor.jpg", "author": "Kencho Thinley", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Playing_Degor.JPG" } }, { "id": 1268, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1268-dikir-barat/", "name": "Dikir barat", "native": "dikir barat", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "A caller improvises verses and the seated chorus answers with clapping and swaying patterns; the player repeats clap-sway sequences in time with the caller and chorus.", "how_played": "A caller improvises verses and the seated chorus answers with clapping and swaying patterns; the player repeats clap-sway sequences in time with the caller and chorus.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dikir_barat.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01268-dikir-barat.jpg", "author": "SMK SERI MAHKOTA", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dikir_barat.jpg" } }, { "id": 1269, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1269-dinka-beaded-corset-beadwork/", "name": "Dinka beaded corset beadwork", "native": "Dinka beadwork", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Sudan" ], "country_codes": [ "SS" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Thread coloured beads in rows to match a pattern and build a corset in layers of colour.", "how_played": "Thread coloured beads in rows to match a pattern and build a corset in layers of colour.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Sudan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P2243791j_detail_Dinka_Mans_beaded_Corset,_Southern_Sudan_(8501740737).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01269-dinka-beaded-corset-beadwork.jpg", "author": "Ann Porteus from Tasmania, Australia", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P2243791j_detail_Dinka_Mans_beaded_Corset,_Southern_Sudan_(8501740737).jpg" } }, { "id": 1270, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1270-horn-of-africa-camel-caravan/", "name": "Horn of Africa camel caravan", "native": "Karawan", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Djibouti" ], "country_codes": [ "DJ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Lead a camel string across desert wells, balancing water, load and pace.", "how_played": "Lead a camel string across desert wells, balancing water, load and pace.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Djibouti. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velbloudi_Kravana_v_Djibuti_January_1920.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01270-horn-of-africa-camel-caravan.jpg", "author": "CZ: František Vopat (* 1. dubna 1877 Černíkovice okres Kralovice – 1945) – dělos", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velbloudi_Kravana_v_Djibuti_January_1920.png" } }, { "id": 1271, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1271-dorze-cotton-weaving/", "name": "Dorze cotton weaving", "native": "Dorze shamma", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ethiopia" ], "country_codes": [ "ET" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Set the loom and weave stripes of coloured thread to a pattern.", "how_played": "Set the loom and weave stripes of coloured thread to a pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ethiopia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dorze_cotton_weavings_for_sale_(1)_(28519736133).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01271-dorze-cotton-weaving.jpg", "author": "Richard Mortel from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dorze_cotton_weavings_for_sale_(1)_(28519736133).jpg" } }, { "id": 1272, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1272-al-ayyala-cane-line-rhythm/", "name": "Al Ayyala Cane-Line Rhythm", "native": "العيالة", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Arab Emirates" ], "country_codes": [ "AE" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Two lines of performers sway and throw canes in time with drumming.", "how_played": "Two lines of performers sway and throw canes in time with drumming.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Arab Emirates.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ayyala.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01272-al-ayyala-cane-line-rhythm.jpg", "author": "Rashed AlSumaiti", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ayyala.jpg" } }, { "id": 1273, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1273-al-talli-braid-embroidery/", "name": "Al Talli Braid Embroidery", "native": "التلي", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Arab Emirates" ], "country_codes": [ "AE" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Wind metallic threads over a bobbin pillow to braid shiny ribbon in a given pattern; the braid is sewn onto a garment.", "how_played": "Wind metallic threads over a bobbin pillow to braid shiny ribbon in a given pattern; the braid is sewn onto a garment.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Arab Emirates.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AbuDhabi_Women's_Handicrafts.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01273-al-talli-braid-embroidery.jpg", "author": "Kaiser Firdhous", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AbuDhabi_Women's_Handicrafts.jpg" } }, { "id": 1274, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1274-falaj-water-turn-clock/", "name": "Falaj Water-Turn Clock", "native": "فلج", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Oman" ], "country_codes": [ "OM" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Open and close sluice gates along a gravity channel and read sundial and star shadows so every farm gets its allotted share of water in the right hour.", "how_played": "Open and close sluice gates along a gravity channel and read sundial and star shadows so every farm gets its allotted share of water in the right hour.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Oman.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oman,_Birkat_Al-Mawz,_Falaj_Al_Khatmeen.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01274-falaj-water-turn-clock.jpg", "author": "Dr. Thomas Liptak", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oman,_Birkat_Al-Mawz,_Falaj_Al_Khatmeen.jpg" } }, { "id": 1276, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1276-faroese-chain-dance/", "name": "Faroese chain dance", "native": "Føroyskur dansur", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Denmark" ], "country_codes": [ "DK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Join a linked ring, take two steps left and one back in time with a sung ballad, keeping the chain unbroken through verse and refrain.", "how_played": "Join a linked ring, take two steps left and one back in time with a sung ballad, keeping the chain unbroken through verse and refrain.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Denmark. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Faroese_Chain_Dance_in_Eidi_2010.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01276-faroese-chain-dance.jpg", "author": "EileenSanda", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Faroese_Chain_Dance_in_Eidi_2010.JPG" } }, { "id": 1277, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1277-faso-dan-fani-strip-weaving/", "name": "Faso Dan Fani Strip Weaving", "native": "Faso dan fani", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Burkina Faso" ], "country_codes": [ "BF" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Throw the shuttle through a narrow loom to build a striped cotton band, following a pattern chart before sewing strips into a cloth.", "how_played": "Throw the shuttle through a narrow loom to build a striped cotton band, following a pattern chart before sewing strips into a cloth.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Art_of_Weaving.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01277-faso-dan-fani-strip-weaving.jpg", "author": "Btwien", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Art_of_Weaving.jpg" } }, { "id": 1279, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1279-masi-bark-cloth-stencil-printing/", "name": "Masi bark-cloth stencil printing", "native": "Masi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Fiji" ], "country_codes": [ "FJ" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Lay a pattern stencil on bark cloth and rub in black and rust-brown dyes; align repeats to complete bold geometric bands without gaps.", "how_played": "Lay a pattern stencil on bark cloth and rub in black and rust-brown dyes; align repeats to complete bold geometric bands without gaps.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Fiji.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Masi_(barkcloth)_from_Fiji,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01279-masi-bark-cloth-stencil-printing.jpg", "author": "Hiart", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Masi_(barkcloth)_from_Fiji,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG" } }, { "id": 1280, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1280-fijiri-pearl-diver-sea-songs/", "name": "Fijiri Pearl-Diver Sea Songs", "native": "فجري", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kuwait", "Bahrain" ], "country_codes": [ "KW", "BH" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Follow the lead singer's call-and-response and rhythm of clapping, drums and jars as divers haul ropes; accuracy grows the crew's pearl haul.", "how_played": "Follow the lead singer's call-and-response and rhythm of clapping, drums and jars as divers haul ropes; accuracy grows the crew's pearl haul.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kuwait, Bahrain.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arab_pearl_divers_in_the_Persian_Gulf.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01280-fijiri-pearl-diver-sea-songs.jpg", "author": "George Frederick Kunz", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arab_pearl_divers_in_the_Persian_Gulf.jpg" } }, { "id": 1281, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1281-hose-run-fire-sport/", "name": "Hose-Run Fire Sport", "native": "Požární sport", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Czechia", "Slovakia" ], "country_codes": [ "CZ", "SK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Race the clock through a short course: couple hoses, run, fill a target and sprint an obstacle ladder, with precise timing at each stage.", "how_played": "Race the clock through a short course: couple hoses, run, fill a target and sprint an obstacle ladder, with precise timing at each stage.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Czechia, Slovakia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Po%C5%BE%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_sport,_z%C3%A1vody_-_Wphoto,_Vladim%C3%ADr_Van%C4%9Bk.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01281-hose-run-fire-sport.jpg", "author": "Vladimír Vaněk", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Po%C5%BE%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_sport,_z%C3%A1vody_-_Wphoto,_Vladim%C3%ADr_Van%C4%9Bk.jpg" } }, { "id": 1282, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1282-freetown-beach-seine-haul/", "name": "Freetown Beach Seine Haul", "native": "Beach seine hauling", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sierra Leone" ], "country_codes": [ "SL" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Two teams on the sand haul on the ropes of a long net in sync with a work-song beat; pull on the beat, read the surf, and bring the catch in before the wave pulls it out.", "how_played": "Two teams on the sand haul on the ropes of a long net in sync with a work-song beat; pull on the beat, read the surf, and bring the catch in before the wave pulls it out.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sierra Leone.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zegenvisserij_in_Freetown,_Sierra_Leone,_-2_oktober_2010_a.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01282-freetown-beach-seine-haul.jpg", "author": "Ghassan Mroue", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zegenvisserij_in_Freetown,_Sierra_Leone,_-2_oktober_2010_a.jpg" } }, { "id": 1283, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1283-fula-riti-one-string-fiddle/", "name": "Fula Riti One-String Fiddle", "native": "Riti / nyanyeru", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guinea" ], "country_codes": [ "GN" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Bow a single horsehair string across a gourd resonator and slide a finger to hit the notes of a herding melody, following a scrolling melody line.", "how_played": "Bow a single horsehair string across a gourd resonator and slide a finger to hit the notes of a herding melody, following a scrolling melody line.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guinea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nyanyeru_or_Riti.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01283-fula-riti-one-string-fiddle.jpg", "author": "Metropolitan Museum of Art", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nyanyeru_or_Riti.jpg" } }, { "id": 1285, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1285-gadulka/", "name": "Gadulka", "native": "Гадулка", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bulgaria" ], "country_codes": [ "BG" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Bow the three melody strings by fingering with fingernails and keep the sympathetic strings ringing, following asymmetric 7/8 dance rhythms.", "how_played": "Bow the three melody strings by fingering with fingernails and keep the sympathetic strings ringing, following asymmetric 7/8 dance rhythms.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bulgaria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-2072K-1-361-12-Gadulka,_Bulgaria.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01285-gadulka.jpg", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-2072K-1-361-12-Gadulka,_Bulgaria.JPG" } }, { "id": 1286, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1286-gallarija-balcony-builder/", "name": "Gallarija Balcony Builder", "native": "Gallarija", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malta" ], "country_codes": [ "MT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Assemble panelled, shuttered timber balconies from brackets, glazing bars and bold paint colours to fill a limestone street facade.", "how_played": "Assemble panelled, shuttered timber balconies from brackets, glazing bars and bold paint colours to fill a limestone street facade.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malta.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sliema_Malta_Colored-Balconies-01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01286-gallarija-balcony-builder.jpg", "author": "CEphoto, Uwe Aranas", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sliema_Malta_Colored-Balconies-01.jpg" } }, { "id": 1287, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1287-gambian-oyster-harvest/", "name": "Gambian Oyster Harvest", "native": "Mangrove oyster harvesting", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Gambia" ], "country_codes": [ "GM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Wade into the mangrove at low tide, lift bamboo-and-root racks, pick the ripe oysters, and return before the tide rises, with shell middens growing as a score.", "how_played": "Wade into the mangrove at low tide, lift bamboo-and-root racks, pick the ripe oysters, and return before the tide rises, with shell middens growing as a score.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Gambia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gambian_women_oyster_havesters.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01287-gambian-oyster-harvest.jpg", "author": "Fajola", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gambian_women_oyster_havesters.jpg" } }, { "id": 1288, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1288-gargoor-fish-trap-weaving/", "name": "Gargoor Fish-Trap Weaving", "native": "قرقور", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bahrain" ], "country_codes": [ "BH" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Weave a palm-rib or wire gargoor with the right funnel shape, then place traps on a tide map to catch fish without harming reefs.", "how_played": "Weave a palm-rib or wire gargoor with the right funnel shape, then place traps on a tide map to catch fish without harming reefs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bahrain.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:312_Cameron_fish_traps_in_Bahrain_-_USACE-p15141coll5-15713.jpeg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01288-gargoor-fish-trap-weaving.jpg", "author": "Cameron, Harry F.", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:312_Cameron_fish_traps_in_Bahrain_-_USACE-p15141coll5-15713.jpeg" } }, { "id": 1289, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1289-gasing-uri/", "name": "Gasing uri", "native": "gasing uri", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Tops, kites and spinning toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Wind a thick rope, throw the heavy top so it lands spinning on the platform, and keep it spinning longer than the opponent's.", "how_played": "Wind a thick rope, throw the heavy top so it lands spinning on the platform, and keep it spinning longer than the opponent's.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spin_kota_Bharu.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01289-gasing-uri.jpg", "author": "G.Mannaerts", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spin_kota_Bharu.jpg" } }, { "id": 1290, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1290-gbofe-trumpet-ensemble/", "name": "Gbofe Trumpet Ensemble", "native": "Gbofé d'Afounkaha", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cote d'Ivoire" ], "country_codes": [ "CI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Blow transverse horns on cue, each player holding one note of a hocketing melody, so the ensemble weaves a single tune when everyone enters at the right beat.", "how_played": "Blow transverse horns on cue, each player holding one note of a hocketing melody, so the ensemble weaves a single tune when everyone enters at the right beat.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cote d'Ivoire. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joueur_de_trompe.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01290-gbofe-trumpet-ensemble.jpg", "author": "asmtci", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joueur_de_trompe.jpg" } }, { "id": 1291, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1291-ghadames-rooftop-maze/", "name": "Ghadames Rooftop Maze", "native": "Ghadames / غدامس", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Libya" ], "country_codes": [ "LY" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Guide a courier across the linked white rooftop terraces and covered alleys of the oasis town to deliver goods before sundown, timing shade, ladders and gates.", "how_played": "Guide a courier across the linked white rooftop terraces and covered alleys of the oasis town to deliver goods before sundown, timing shade, ladders and gates.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Libya.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ghadames_-_Altstadt.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01291-ghadames-rooftop-maze.jpg", "author": "Franzfoto", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ghadames_-_Altstadt.jpg" } }, { "id": 1293, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1293-gulf-dhow-hull-builder/", "name": "Gulf Dhow Hull Builder", "native": "بوم / سمبوك", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Qatar" ], "country_codes": [ "QA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Place hull planks, ribs and a stitched joint in the right order on a shipyard frame, then launch the boat to test it in waves.", "how_played": "Place hull planks, ribs and a stitched joint in the right order on a shipyard frame, then launch the boat to test it in waves.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Qatar.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_dhows_on_Doha_Corniche_used_for_pearling.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01293-gulf-dhow-hull-builder.jpg", "author": "Larry Johnson @ Flickr", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_dhows_on_Doha_Corniche_used_for_pearling.jpg" } }, { "id": 1294, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1294-gusle-bow-and-verse/", "name": "Gusle Bow and Verse", "native": "Гусле", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Serbia" ], "country_codes": [ "RS" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Draw the bow over the single string while pressing the finger to hit pitches that rise and fall with a ballad line.", "how_played": "Draw the bow over the single string while pressing the finger to hit pitches that rise and fall with a ballad line.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Serbia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gusle_traditional_folk_instrument_Dinaric_Alps.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01294-gusle-bow-and-verse.jpg", "author": "Orjen", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gusle_traditional_folk_instrument_Dinaric_Alps.JPG" } }, { "id": 1295, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1295-hama-noria-waterwheels/", "name": "Hama Noria Waterwheels", "native": "Nawaġir Hama / نواعير حماة", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Syria" ], "country_codes": [ "SY" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Set the pitch and paddles of giant wooden wheels along a river so each lifts water into an aqueduct channel to irrigate terraces without overflow.", "how_played": "Set the pitch and paddles of giant wooden wheels along a river so each lifts water into an aqueduct channel to irrigate terraces without overflow.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Syria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Noria_in_Hama_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01295-hama-noria-waterwheels.jpg", "author": "Bernard Gagnon", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Noria_in_Hama_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 1296, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1296-hardanger-embroidery/", "name": "Hardanger embroidery", "native": "Hardangersøm", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Norway" ], "country_codes": [ "NO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Stitch satin-stitch blocks, then cut and weave threads inside to reveal geometric lacework, one square at a time.", "how_played": "Stitch satin-stitch blocks, then cut and weave threads inside to reveal geometric lacework, one square at a time.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Norway.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sierdoek_met_hardanger_borduurwerk.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01296-hardanger-embroidery.jpg", "author": "Fiene-Fleur", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sierdoek_met_hardanger_borduurwerk.jpg" } }, { "id": 1297, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1297-hill-country-tea-plucking/", "name": "Hill-country tea plucking", "native": "තේ කඩන", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Walk the terraced slopes and pluck \"two leaves and a bud\" from the bushes against the clock, sorting quality grades into the basket on your back.", "how_played": "Walk the terraced slopes and pluck \"two leaves and a bud\" from the bushes against the clock, sorting quality grades into the basket on your back.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plucking_the_Tea,_Ceylon_(7096858619).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01297-hill-country-tea-plucking.jpg", "author": "Museum of Photographic Arts Collections", "licence": "No restrictions", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plucking_the_Tea,_Ceylon_(7096858619).jpg" } }, { "id": 1298, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1298-hmong-story-cloth/", "name": "Hmong story cloth", "native": "paj ntaub", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China", "Laos", "Thailand", "Vietnam" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "LA", "TH", "VN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Stitch scenes of village life onto a border-framed cloth by placing tiny motifs (houses, buffalo, rice, river, birds) to match a story prompt.", "how_played": "Stitch scenes of village life onto a border-framed cloth by placing tiny motifs (houses, buffalo, rice, river, birds) to match a story prompt.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, Laos, Thailand.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Folk_Tale_Story_Cloth_-_DPLA_-_311731f49d29f218c4658671f175b8f7.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01298-hmong-story-cloth.jpg", "author": "Unknown", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Folk_Tale_Story_Cloth_-_DPLA_-_311731f49d29f218c4658671f175b8f7.jpg" } }, { "id": 1300, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1300-ikpu-ite-coil-pot/", "name": "Ikpu Ite Coil Pot", "native": "Ikpu ite (traditional pottery)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nigeria" ], "country_codes": [ "NG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Build a pot from clay coils, smoothing and decorating it with comb and stamp patterns, then bonfire-fire it without cracking.", "how_played": "Build a pot from clay coils, smoothing and decorating it with comb and stamp patterns, then bonfire-fire it without cracking.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_pottery_in_Nigeria_(Ikpu_ite)_16.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01300-ikpu-ite-coil-pot.jpg", "author": "Chukwukajustice", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_pottery_in_Nigeria_(Ikpu_ite)_16.jpg" } }, { "id": 1301, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1301-imzad-fiddle/", "name": "Imzad Fiddle", "native": "Imzad (Tamasheq)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Niger", "Mali", "Algeria" ], "country_codes": [ "NE", "ML", "DZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Bow a single horsehair string over a gourd resonator while shaping pitch with the left hand to follow glowing melody paths of the Tuareg modal style.", "how_played": "Bow a single horsehair string over a gourd resonator while shaping pitch with the left hand to follow glowing melody paths of the Tuareg modal style.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Niger, Mali, Algeria. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amzad_Touareg.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01301-imzad-fiddle.jpg", "author": "Fayeqalnatour", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amzad_Touareg.jpg" } }, { "id": 1302, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1302-intore-dance/", "name": "Intore dance", "native": "Intore", "alt": [ "Intore" ], "countries": [ "Rwanda" ], "country_codes": [ "RW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Follow leaping steps and ankle-bell rhythm in a group dance.", "how_played": "Follow leaping steps and ankle-bell rhythm in a group dance.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Rwanda. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intore_dancer_during_the_graduation_festivities_at_Kicukiro_stadium_in_Rwanda.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intore" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01302-intore-dance.jpg", "author": "Shabanmasengesho", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intore_dancer_during_the_graduation_festivities_at_Kicukiro_stadium_in_Rwanda.jpg" } }, { "id": 1304, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1304-jaapi-weaving/", "name": "Jaapi weaving", "native": "জাপি", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Plait split bamboo and sack-leaf into a conical hat in concentric rings, then add the coloured cloth and pattern band that marks a finished jaapi.", "how_played": "Plait split bamboo and sack-leaf into a conical hat in concentric rings, then add the coloured cloth and pattern band that marks a finished jaapi.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japi_or_Jaapi,_traditional_hat_of_Assam_20170210.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01304-jaapi-weaving.jpg", "author": "Abhijitgogoi22", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japi_or_Jaapi,_traditional_hat_of_Assam_20170210.jpg" } }, { "id": 1305, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1305-jamdani-muslin-weaving/", "name": "Jamdani muslin weaving", "native": "জামদানি", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Insert extra-weft thread by hand through the warp to bring out floral and geometric motifs in fine muslin, following a paper pattern placed beneath the loom.", "how_played": "Insert extra-weft thread by hand through the warp to bring out floral and geometric motifs in fine muslin, following a paper pattern placed beneath the loom.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_of_Jamdani-10.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01305-jamdani-muslin-weaving.jpg", "author": "Kamrul.vb", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_of_Jamdani-10.jpg" } }, { "id": 1306, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1306-jeepney-painting/", "name": "Jeepney painting", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "country_codes": [ "PH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Customise a jeepney body: pick colors, chrome trim, route boards, patterns and horse hood ornaments to meet a driver's brief and make it pass the 'most colorful' contest.", "how_played": "Customise a jeepney body: pick colors, chrome trim, route boards, patterns and horse hood ornaments to meet a driver's brief and make it pass the 'most colorful' contest.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Jeepney.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01306-jeepney-painting.jpg", "author": "Elmer B. Domingo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Jeepney.jpg" } }, { "id": 1307, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1307-kaapse-klopse/", "name": "Kaapse Klopse", "native": "Kaapse Klopse (Cape minstrel parade)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malaysia", "South Africa" ], "country_codes": [ "MY", "ZA" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Lead a marching troupe through Cape Town streets, keeping banjo and brass beats and choreographed formations while earning judging marks.", "how_played": "Lead a marching troupe through Cape Town streets, keeping banjo and brass beats and choreographed formations while earning judging marks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malaysia, South Africa.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaapse_Klopse_marching_through_Cape_Town_(2017).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01307-kaapse-klopse.jpg", "author": "Olga Ernst", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaapse_Klopse_marching_through_Cape_Town_(2017).jpg" } }, { "id": 1308, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1308-kampong-ayer-water-taxi-dash/", "name": "Kampong Ayer water-taxi dash", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Brunei", "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "BN", "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Water and winter sports", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Steer a small longboat between stilt-houses and jetties, picking up and dropping neighbours and goods before the tide-and-traffic timer runs out.", "how_played": "Steer a small longboat between stilt-houses and jetties, picking up and dropping neighbours and goods before the tide-and-traffic timer runs out.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Brunei, Malaysia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kampong_Ayer_(18403648148).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01308-kampong-ayer-water-taxi-dash.jpg", "author": "Jorge Láscar from Melbourne, Australia", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kampong_Ayer_(18403648148).jpg" } }, { "id": 1310, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1310-keffiyeh-pattern-loom/", "name": "Keffiyeh Pattern Loom", "native": "Kufiya / كوفية", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Palestine" ], "country_codes": [ "PS" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Thread the loom and weave the houndstooth, fishnet and bold-line bands in the right order to complete a scarf pattern against a timer.", "how_played": "Thread the loom and weave the houndstooth, fishnet and bold-line bands in the right order to complete a scarf pattern against a timer.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Palestine.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palestinian_keffiyeh_loom.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01310-keffiyeh-pattern-loom.jpg", "author": "TrickyH", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palestinian_keffiyeh_loom.jpg" } }, { "id": 1311, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1311-khloy-bamboo-duct-flute/", "name": "Khloy bamboo duct flute", "native": "khloy / ខ្លុយ", "alt": [ "Khloy" ], "countries": [ "Cambodia" ], "country_codes": [ "KH" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Cover the finger holes and blow gently to match falling note bars of traditional Khmer tunes, in a sandbox mode where players can improvise.", "how_played": "Cover the finger holes and blow gently to match falling note bars of traditional Khmer tunes, in a sandbox mode where players can improvise.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cambodia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khloy.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khloy" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01311-khloy-bamboo-duct-flute.jpg", "author": "Emile Gsell", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khloy.jpg" } }, { "id": 1312, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1312-kira-and-kushuthara-backstrap-weaving/", "name": "Kira and Kushuthara backstrap weaving", "native": "ཀི་ར། (kira)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bhutan" ], "country_codes": [ "BT" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Lift and drop warp threads to pick out a stripe-and-motif cloth row by row on a backstrap or frame loom, matching a pattern card within the thread budget.", "how_played": "Lift and drop warp threads to pick out a stripe-and-motif cloth row by row on a backstrap or frame loom, matching a pattern card within the thread budget.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bhutan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thimphu_Kira_Weaving_(23676158861).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01312-kira-and-kushuthara-backstrap-weaving.jpg", "author": "Chuck Moravec", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thimphu_Kira_Weaving_(23676158861).jpg" } }, { "id": 1313, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1313-pandanus-mat-plaiting/", "name": "Pandanus mat plaiting", "native": "Te kie", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Kiribati" ], "country_codes": [ "KI" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Plait strips of pandanus over and under on a grid, choosing the weave to create bold geometric bands on a mat, apron or dance mat.", "how_played": "Plait strips of pandanus over and under on a grid, choosing the weave to create bold geometric bands on a mat, apron or dance mat.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kiribati.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Man%27s_dance_mat_from_Fanning_Island,_Kiribati,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_accession_2013.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01313-pandanus-mat-plaiting.jpg", "author": "Hiart", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Man%27s_dance_mat_from_Fanning_Island,_Kiribati,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art_accession_2013.JPG" } }, { "id": 1314, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1314-kissi-penny-forging/", "name": "Kissi Penny Forging", "native": "Kissi penny / guinzé", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guinea", "Sierra Leone", "Liberia" ], "country_codes": [ "GN", "SL", "LR" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Heat an iron bar, hammer it into a long twisted rod with a flat T-end and a leaf-shaped foot, hitting on the beat while the colour of the iron shows the right moment.", "how_played": "Heat an iron bar, hammer it into a long twisted rod with a flat T-end and a leaf-shaped foot, hitting on the beat while the colour of the iron shows the right moment.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kissi_penny.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01314-kissi-penny-forging.jpg", "author": "Starnutoditopo", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kissi_penny.jpg" } }, { "id": 1315, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1315-kochari/", "name": "Kochari", "native": "Քոչարի", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Armenia" ], "country_codes": [ "AM" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Hold shoulders in a line and hit stamps, kicks and swings on the beat as the lead calls the pattern.", "how_played": "Hold shoulders in a line and hit stamps, kicks and swings on the beat as the lead calls the pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Armenia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kochari_-_Armenian_folk_dance.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01315-kochari.jpg", "author": "Hayordi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kochari_-_Armenian_folk_dance.png" } }, { "id": 1316, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1316-kokawa-hausa-wrestling/", "name": "Kokawa Hausa Wrestling", "native": "Kokawa / Ƙauraye", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nigeria", "Niger" ], "country_codes": [ "NG", "NE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Grip, hook and trip a rival in a ring of spectators until a knee or back touches the sand, with drummers' tempo rising as the bout nears its end.", "how_played": "Grip, hook and trip a rival in a ring of spectators until a knee or back touches the sand, with drummers' tempo rising as the bout nears its end.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nigeria, Niger.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musicians_of_the_traditional_%C6%98auraye_wrestling_3.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01316-kokawa-hausa-wrestling.jpg", "author": "M Bash Ne", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musicians_of_the_traditional_%C6%98auraye_wrestling_3.jpg" } }, { "id": 1317, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1317-kokh/", "name": "Kokh", "native": "Կոխ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Armenia" ], "country_codes": [ "AM" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Two wrestlers in traditional costume grapple to throw the opponent onto the back using timed grips and counters.", "how_played": "Two wrestlers in traditional costume grapple to throw the opponent onto the back using timed grips and counters.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Armenia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1963_CPA_2912_stamp_(Regional_Sports._Armenian_wrestling_%27Kokh%27).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01317-kokh.jpg", "author": "Post of the Soviet Union (Рис.: В. В. Пименов (1920—2008)).", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1963_CPA_2912_stamp_(Regional_Sports._Armenian_wrestling_%27Kokh%27).jpg" } }, { "id": 1318, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1318-korhogo-painted-cloth-studio/", "name": "Korhogo Painted Cloth Studio", "native": "Tissu de Korhogo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cote d'Ivoire" ], "country_codes": [ "CI" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Trace and fill rows of birds, hunters and animals on hand-woven cotton with brown mud pigment, repeating motifs in strict bands.", "how_played": "Trace and fill rows of birds, hunters and animals on hand-woven cotton with brown mud pigment, repeating motifs in strict bands.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cote d'Ivoire. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korhogo_cloth,_Senufo_people,_Ivory_Coast_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01318-korhogo-painted-cloth-studio.jpg", "author": "Mickey Mystique", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korhogo_cloth,_Senufo_people,_Ivory_Coast_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 1319, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1319-zande-kundi-arched-harp/", "name": "Zande kundi arched harp", "native": "Kundi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Sudan" ], "country_codes": [ "SS" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Pluck the five to seven strings of the arched harp, following melodic patterns with call-and-response.", "how_played": "Pluck the five to seven strings of the arched harp, following melodic patterns with call-and-response.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Sudan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Richard_Buchta_-_Zande_men_with_shields,_harp.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01319-zande-kundi-arched-harp.jpg", "author": "Richard Buchta (1845-1894)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Richard_Buchta_-_Zande_men_with_shields,_harp.jpg" } }, { "id": 1320, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1320-kurpie-layered-paper-cutting/", "name": "Kurpie Layered Paper Cutting", "native": "Wycinanka kurpiowska", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Poland" ], "country_codes": [ "PL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Fold and cut a single sheet into the symmetric tree-of-life, rooster and rosette designs of the Kurpie region, then layer coloured cut-outs to decorate the room.", "how_played": "Fold and cut a single sheet into the symmetric tree-of-life, rooster and rosette designs of the Kurpie region, then layer coloured cut-outs to decorate the room.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Poland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wycinanka_El%C5%BCbieta_Prusaczyk_Tatary_Kurpie.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01320-kurpie-layered-paper-cutting.jpg", "author": "Maria Weronika Kmoch", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wycinanka_El%C5%BCbieta_Prusaczyk_Tatary_Kurpie.jpg" } }, { "id": 1321, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1321-lake-assal-salt-harvest/", "name": "Lake Assal salt harvest", "native": "Lac Assal", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Djibouti" ], "country_codes": [ "DJ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Sports with animal partners", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Rake salt from the shore, load camels, and trade at market while managing heat and load.", "how_played": "Rake salt from the shore, load camels, and trade at market while managing heat and load.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Djibouti.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Assal_Lake,_2024.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01321-lake-assal-salt-harvest.jpg", "author": "Mheidegger", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Assal_Lake,_2024.jpg" } }, { "id": 1322, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1322-langeleik/", "name": "Langeleik", "native": "langeleik", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Norway" ], "country_codes": [ "NO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Strike or pluck the melody string against frets over open drone strings to play dance tunes.", "how_played": "Strike or pluck the melody string against frets over open drone strings to play dance tunes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Norway.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Langeleik_-_SMV_-_N7583_02.tif" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01322-langeleik.jpg", "author": "Mikael Bodner", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Langeleik_-_SMV_-_N7583_02.tif" } }, { "id": 1323, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1323-langspil/", "name": "Langspil", "native": "langspil", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iceland" ], "country_codes": [ "IS" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Drag a bow over a melody string while the drone strings sustain, matching the old folk songs on the fretted line.", "how_played": "Drag a bow over a melody string while the drone strings sustain, matching the old folk songs on the fretted line.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Iceland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thordur_playing_the_langspil.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01323-langspil.jpg", "author": "Neitram", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thordur_playing_the_langspil.jpg" } }, { "id": 1324, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1324-latvian-bagpipe-and-folk-pipes/", "name": "Latvian Bagpipe and Folk Pipes", "native": "Latvijas dūdas", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Latvia" ], "country_codes": [ "LV" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Hold the drone and play the chanter notes in time as phrases scroll in, adding stabules (whistle pipes) and horns for a village band.", "how_played": "Hold the drone and play the chanter notes in time as phrases scroll in, adding stabules (whistle pipes) and horns for a village band.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Latvia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eduarda_Klints_d%C5%ABdas,_stabules,_taures_un_ragi.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01324-latvian-bagpipe-and-folk-pipes.jpg", "author": "Turaids", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eduarda_Klints_d%C5%ABdas,_stabules,_taures_un_ragi.jpg" } }, { "id": 1326, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1326-licitar-heart-decorator/", "name": "Licitar Heart Decorator", "native": "Licitarsko srce", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Croatia" ], "country_codes": [ "HR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Press and trim red gingerbread dough, then pipe white icing, mirror shards and flowers onto a heart following a pattern.", "how_played": "Press and trim red gingerbread dough, then pipe white icing, mirror shards and flowers onto a heart following a pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Croatia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Licitars2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01326-licitar-heart-decorator.jpg", "author": "Seanpu1", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Licitars2.jpg" } }, { "id": 1327, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1327-lielvarde-sash-pattern-weaving/", "name": "Lielvārde Sash Pattern Weaving", "native": "Lielvārdes josta", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Latvia" ], "country_codes": [ "LV" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Weave a narrow sash by placing the geometric ornament signs in rows following the symmetrical rules of the Lielvārde pattern, and choose the colour scheme.", "how_played": "Weave a narrow sash by placing the geometric ornament signs in rows following the symmetrical rules of the Lielvārde pattern, and choose the colour scheme.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Latvia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lielv%C4%81rdes_jostas_fragments_-_panoramio.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01327-lielvarde-sash-pattern-weaving.jpg", "author": "Laima Gūtmane (simka…", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lielv%C4%81rdes_jostas_fragments_-_panoramio.jpg" } }, { "id": 1328, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1328-maldivian-lacquer-work/", "name": "Maldivian lacquer work", "native": "ލިއެލާ ޖެހުން", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Maldives" ], "country_codes": [ "MV" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Spin a wooden vase on a hand lathe, press on lacquer sticks in layers of red, black and yellow, then scrape back to reveal an engraved scroll pattern.", "how_played": "Spin a wooden vase on a hand lathe, press on lacquer sticks in layers of red, black and yellow, then scrape back to reveal an engraved scroll pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Maldives.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laquer-finished.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01328-maldivian-lacquer-work.jpg", "author": "Donna", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laquer-finished.jpg" } }, { "id": 1329, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1329-lur-pitch-and-breath-game/", "name": "Lur pitch-and-breath game", "native": "lur", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Denmark" ], "country_codes": [ "DK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Blow into a pair of curved bronze horns, shaping pitch with breath pressure and lip tension to match falling notes in a melody.", "how_played": "Blow into a pair of curved bronze horns, shaping pitch with breath pressure and lip tension to match falling notes in a melody.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Denmark. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:-1300_Lure_Brudevaelte_anagoria.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01329-lur-pitch-and-breath-game.jpg", "author": "Anagoria", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:-1300_Lure_Brudevaelte_anagoria.JPG" } }, { "id": 1330, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1330-luzzu-boat-painter/", "name": "Luzzu Boat Painter", "native": "Luzzu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Malta" ], "country_codes": [ "MT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Mix the traditional palette and brush the prow stripes, bow trim and carved panels of a luzzu hull to match a harbour-master's pattern sheet.", "how_played": "Mix the traditional palette and brush the prow stripes, bow trim and carved panels of a luzzu hull to match a harbour-master's pattern sheet.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Malta. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malta_Luzzu_Boat.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01330-luzzu-boat-painter.jpg", "author": "Fiontain", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malta_Luzzu_Boat.jpg" } }, { "id": 1331, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1331-makonde-ebony-carving/", "name": "Makonde ebony carving", "native": "Makonde", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tanzania", "Mozambique" ], "country_codes": [ "TZ", "MZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Chip and polish a block of blackwood with chisel strokes to reveal a carved figure, following a silhouette guide and keeping grain direction.", "how_played": "Chip and polish a block of blackwood with chisel strokes to reveal a carved figure, following a silhouette guide and keeping grain direction.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tanzania, Mozambique. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Makonde_carving_1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01331-makonde-ebony-carving.jpg", "author": "Photo by MatthiasKabel", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Makonde_carving_1.jpg" } }, { "id": 1333, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1333-marshallese-stick-chart-navigator/", "name": "Marshallese stick chart navigator", "native": "Mattang / rebbelib", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Marshall Islands" ], "country_codes": [ "MH" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Read a lattice of sticks and shell islands to match the swell patterns and plot a canoe route between atolls.", "how_played": "Read a lattice of sticks and shell islands to match the swell patterns and plot a canoe route between atolls.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Marshall Islands.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stick_chart,_Marshall_Islands,_1898_-_S%C3%BCdseeabteilung_-_Ethnological_Museum,_Berlin_-_DSC00979.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01333-marshallese-stick-chart-navigator.jpg", "author": "Daderot", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stick_chart,_Marshall_Islands,_1898_-_S%C3%BCdseeabteilung_-_Ethnological_Museum,_Berlin_-_DSC00979.JPG" } }, { "id": 1334, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1334-pole-and-line-tuna-fishing-from-a-masdhoni/", "name": "Pole-and-line tuna fishing from a masdhoni", "native": "މަސްދޯނި", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Maldives" ], "country_codes": [ "MV" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Chum the water with live bait, swing the barbless pole to flick a tuna aboard each time the school surfaces, keeping your rhythm and the bait stock up.", "how_played": "Chum the water with live bait, swing the barbless pole to flick a tuna aboard each time the school surfaces, keeping your rhythm and the bait stock up.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Maldives.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats,_Mathiveri,_Maldives.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01334-pole-and-line-tuna-fishing-from-a-masdhoni.jpg", "author": "Muammar1982", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats,_Mathiveri,_Maldives.jpg" } }, { "id": 1335, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1335-mesob-basket-weaving/", "name": "Mesob basket weaving", "native": "Mesob", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ethiopia" ], "country_codes": [ "ET" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Coil grass and weave colour patterns into a lidded serving basket.", "how_played": "Coil grass and weave colour patterns into a lidded serving basket.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ethiopia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethiopian_and_Eritrean_Mesob.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01335-mesob-basket-weaving.jpg", "author": "Betselot Yergalem", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethiopian_and_Eritrean_Mesob.jpg" } }, { "id": 1336, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1336-mezoued-bagpipe-and-tabl-drum/", "name": "Mezoued Bagpipe and Tabl Drum", "native": "Mezoued / مزود", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tunisia" ], "country_codes": [ "TN" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Squeeze the goatskin bag, finger the two-reed pipe and answer the drummer on a call-and-response rhythm track.", "how_played": "Squeeze the goatskin bag, finger the two-reed pipe and answer the drummer on a call-and-response rhythm track.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tunisia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mezoued_beja_01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01336-mezoued-bagpipe-and-tabl-drum.jpg", "author": "Nizarkalech", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mezoued_beja_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 1337, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1337-mithila-folk-painting/", "name": "Mithila folk painting", "native": "मिथिला कला", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nepal", "India" ], "country_codes": [ "NP", "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Fill bold outlined motifs (fish, peacock, sun, lotus pond, bamboo grove) with the classic bright flat colours and fine double-line borders, matching the traditional pattern rules to finish a panel.", "how_played": "Fill bold outlined motifs (fish, peacock, sun, lotus pond, bamboo grove) with the classic bright flat colours and fine double-line borders, matching the traditional pattern rules to finish a panel.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nepal, India. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mithila_Painting_artist_-_Flickr_-_askmeaks.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01337-mithila-folk-painting.jpg", "author": "Abhishek Singh from Kathmandu, Nepal", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mithila_Painting_artist_-_Flickr_-_askmeaks.jpg" } }, { "id": 1338, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1338-mokoro-polling/", "name": "Mokoro polling", "native": "Mokoro polling (Okavango dugout race)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Botswana" ], "country_codes": [ "BW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Stand at the stern of a dugout canoe and pole it through reed channels, timing strokes left and right to keep a straight line and beat the clock.", "how_played": "Stand at the stern of a dugout canoe and pole it through reed channels, timing strokes left and right to keep a straight line and beat the clock.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Botswana.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mokoro_Polers_in_the_Okavango.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01338-mokoro-polling.jpg", "author": "No machine-readable author provided. DDD DDD~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mokoro_Polers_in_the_Okavango.jpg" } }, { "id": 1339, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1339-moldovan-woven-carpet-pattern-studio/", "name": "Moldovan Woven Carpet Pattern Studio", "native": "Covor moldovenesc", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Moldova" ], "country_codes": [ "MD" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Choose a bold floral medallion, border and ground colour, then fill the rug pattern cell by cell on a loom grid, matching symmetry rules of traditional Moldovan wall and floor carpets.", "how_played": "Choose a bold floral medallion, border and ground colour, then fill the rug pattern cell by cell on a loom grid, matching symmetry rules of traditional Moldovan wall and floor carpets.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Moldova. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moldovan_carpet_-_6..._(49987885487).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01339-moldovan-woven-carpet-pattern-studio.jpg", "author": "Ion Chibzii from Chisinau, Republic of Moldova", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moldovan_carpet_-_6..._(49987885487).jpg" } }, { "id": 1341, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1341-nabulsi-soap-tower/", "name": "Nabulsi Soap Tower", "native": "Sabun Nabulsi / صابون نابلسي", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Palestine" ], "country_codes": [ "PS" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Cut cooled olive-oil soap slabs into cubes, stamp each, then stack them into airy cones and towers so air flows and nothing falls, over weeks of drying.", "how_played": "Cut cooled olive-oil soap slabs into cubes, stamp each, then stack them into airy cones and towers so air flows and nothing falls, over weeks of drying.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Palestine.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nabulsi_soap.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01341-nabulsi-soap-tower.jpg", "author": "Davidbena", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nabulsi_soap.jpg" } }, { "id": 1343, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1343-ardah-drum-and-line-rhythm/", "name": "Ardah Drum-and-Line Rhythm", "native": "العرضة", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Saudi Arabia" ], "country_codes": [ "SA" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "staying on the beat grows the line.", "how_played": "staying on the beat grows the line.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Saudi Arabia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saudi_Ardha_(Najdi_Sword_Dance)_in_At-Turaif_district,_Diriyah,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01343-ardah-drum-and-line-rhythm.jpg", "author": "Ahad.F", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saudi_Ardha_(Najdi_Sword_Dance)_in_At-Turaif_district,_Diriyah,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" } }, { "id": 1345, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1345-namib-dune-sandboarding/", "name": "Namib dune sandboarding", "native": "Namib dune sandboarding", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Namibia" ], "country_codes": [ "NA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Lean to carve down tall dunes on a board, link turns, collect boost flags and avoid rocks to reach the bottom in time.", "how_played": "Lean to carve down tall dunes on a board, link turns, collect boost flags and avoid rocks to reach the bottom in time.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Namibia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sandboarding,_Swakopmund_(5832930423).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01345-namib-dune-sandboarding.jpg", "author": "Katie Hunt from St Albans, UK", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sandboarding,_Swakopmund_(5832930423).jpg" } }, { "id": 1346, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1346-nhodo/", "name": "Nhodo", "native": "Nhodo (mbuga stone toss)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Zimbabwe" ], "country_codes": [ "ZW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Toss one big smooth stone (mbuga) in the air, scoop or arrange the small pebbles on the ground and catch the big one before it lands, through ten stages of rising difficulty.", "how_played": "Toss one big smooth stone (mbuga) in the air, scoop or arrange the small pebbles on the ground and catch the big one before it lands, through ten stages of rising difficulty.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Zimbabwe.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Game_time_girls.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01346-nhodo.jpg", "author": "Fidelis Manyange aka manfidza", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Game_time_girls.jpg" } }, { "id": 1349, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1349-nyatiti-luo-lyre/", "name": "Nyatiti Luo lyre", "native": "Nyatiti", "alt": [ "Nyatiti" ], "countries": [ "Kenya" ], "country_codes": [ "KE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Great Lakes and Indian Ocean.", "summary": "Play the eight-string bowl lyre with toe bells and rhythm patterns.", "how_played": "Play the eight-string bowl lyre with toe bells and rhythm patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Kenya.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:African_local_music_instrument_-Nyatiti_01.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyatiti" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01349-nyatiti-luo-lyre.jpg", "author": "Onesmo Daniel", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:African_local_music_instrument_-Nyatiti_01.jpg" } }, { "id": 1350, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1350-ohrid-pearl-maker/", "name": "Ohrid Pearl Maker", "native": "Охридски бисер", "alt": [], "countries": [ "North Macedonia" ], "country_codes": [ "MK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Layer thin nacre shavings over a bead core, polish and thread strands to match an order sheet; the glossy result is judged on evenness.", "how_played": "Layer thin nacre shavings over a bead core, polish and thread strands to match an order sheet; the glossy result is judged on evenness.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of North Macedonia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ohridski_biser_01.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01350-ohrid-pearl-maker.jpg", "author": "Slavica Panova", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ohridski_biser_01.JPG" } }, { "id": 1351, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1351-omani-khanjar-silver-filigree/", "name": "Omani Khanjar Silver Filigree", "native": "خنجر عماني", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Oman" ], "country_codes": [ "OM" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Twist, coil and solder silver wire into the braided 'kabaa' sheath patterns, following a pattern card and managing heat and tension.", "how_played": "Twist, coil and solder silver wire into the braided 'kabaa' sheath patterns, following a pattern card and managing heat and tension.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Oman. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oman_Khanjar.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01351-omani-khanjar-silver-filigree.jpg", "author": "Richard Bartz", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oman_Khanjar.jpg" } }, { "id": 1352, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1352-oualata-wall-painting/", "name": "Oualata Wall Painting", "native": "Oualata painted houses", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mauritania" ], "country_codes": [ "MR" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Paint bold ochre, white and black geometric panels around doors and windows of a stone-and-mud house, following a pattern brief with symmetry rules.", "how_played": "Paint bold ochre, white and black geometric panels around doors and windows of a stone-and-mud house, following a pattern brief with symmetry rules.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mauritania. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oualata_Decorative_Window.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01352-oualata-wall-painting.jpg", "author": "Kurt Dundy", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oualata_Decorative_Window.jpg" } }, { "id": 1354, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1354-pacu-jawi/", "name": "Pacu jawi", "native": "pacu jawi", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Steer a pair of bulls through a flooded rice field by holding on, steering with tail pressure and keeping a straight line to the finish pole.", "how_played": "Steer a pair of bulls through a flooded rice field by holding on, steering with tail pressure and keeping a straight line to the finish pole.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olah_Raga_Tradisi_Pacu_Jawi.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01354-pacu-jawi.jpg", "author": "Deni Dahniel", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olah_Raga_Tradisi_Pacu_Jawi.jpg" } }, { "id": 1355, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1355-palauan-storyboard-carving/", "name": "Palauan storyboard carving", "native": "Storyboards (dechel / bai)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Palau" ], "country_codes": [ "PW" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Arrange carved tiles and scenes into a legend panel, matching pictures to story steps and etching in scene details.", "how_played": "Arrange carved tiles and scenes into a legend panel, matching pictures to story steps and etching in scene details.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Palau.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Storyboards_in_Palau_Airport.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01355-palauan-storyboard-carving.jpg", "author": "Zykasaa", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Storyboards_in_Palau_Airport.jpg" } }, { "id": 1356, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1356-pamiri-house-ceiling-raiser/", "name": "Pamiri House Ceiling Raiser", "native": "Чод / Chorkhona", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tajikistan" ], "country_codes": [ "TJ" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Stack five nested square wooden tiers on four pillars to form the Pamiri roof lantern and match a hearth-and-sleeping-platform layout.", "how_played": "Stack five nested square wooden tiers on four pillars to form the Pamiri roof lantern and match a hearth-and-sleeping-platform layout.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tajikistan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pamiri_house_-_panoramio.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01356-pamiri-house-ceiling-raiser.jpg", "author": "Zack Knowles", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pamiri_house_-_panoramio.jpg" } }, { "id": 1357, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1357-panu-di-pinti-weaving/", "name": "Panu di Pinti Weaving", "native": "Panu di pinti (pano de pente)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guinea-Bissau" ], "country_codes": [ "GW" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Weave narrow strips of dark and bright cotton with supplementary-weft geometric motifs, then arrange strips into a cloth matching the pattern.", "how_played": "Weave narrow strips of dark and bright cotton with supplementary-weft geometric motifs, then arrange strips into a cloth matching the pattern.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guinea-Bissau. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panu_di_pinti_(1).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01357-panu-di-pinti-weaving.jpg", "author": "Sfs90", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panu_di_pinti_(1).jpg" } }, { "id": 1358, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1358-peranakan-beaded-slippers/", "name": "Peranakan beaded slippers", "native": "kasut manik", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China", "Singapore" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "SG" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Thread tiny glass beads onto a printed canvas grid in cross-stitch style, copying a floral motif colour by colour to finish a slipper upper.", "how_played": "Thread tiny glass beads onto a printed canvas grid in cross-stitch style, copying a floral motif colour by colour to finish a slipper upper.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, Singapore.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Munka_kasot,_Peranakan,_early_20th_century_beaded_uppers_for_pair_of_slippers,_Intan.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01358-peranakan-beaded-slippers.jpg", "author": "Hiart", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Munka_kasot,_Peranakan,_early_20th_century_beaded_uppers_for_pair_of_slippers,_Intan.JPG" } }, { "id": 1359, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1359-phoenician-alphabet-trader/", "name": "Phoenician Alphabet Trader", "native": "Abjad / أبجدية", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Lebanon" ], "country_codes": [ "LB" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Trade by writing short bills of lading in 22 letters, matching letter shapes to sounds before ships sail with goods.", "how_played": "Trade by writing short bills of lading in 22 letters, matching letter shapes to sounds before ships sail with goods.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Lebanon. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phoenician_alphabet_as_was_discovered_in_Byblos.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01359-phoenician-alphabet-trader.jpg", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phoenician_alphabet_as_was_discovered_in_Byblos.png" } }, { "id": 1361, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1361-pirot-kilim-weaver/", "name": "Pirot Kilim Weaver", "native": "Пиротски ћилим", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Serbia" ], "country_codes": [ "RS" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Count warp threads and place coloured weft blocks to complete diamonds and stepped borders from a pattern chart.", "how_played": "Count warp threads and place coloured weft blocks to complete diamonds and stepped borders from a pattern chart.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Serbia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pirot_kilim_serbian_rug.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01361-pirot-kilim-weaver.jpg", "author": "Orjen", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pirot_kilim_serbian_rug.png" } }, { "id": 1362, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1362-plis-cap-felter/", "name": "Plis Cap Felter", "native": "Plisi / Qeleshe", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Albania", "Kosovo" ], "country_codes": [ "AL", "XK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Roll, wet and shape wool batts on a mould, then press and trim to the right size and height in timed steps.", "how_played": "Roll, wet and shape wool batts on a mould, then press and trim to the right size and height in timed steps.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Albania, Kosovo.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Veglat_e_punimit_te_qeleshes_02.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01362-plis-cap-felter.jpg", "author": "Vyolltsa", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Veglat_e_punimit_te_qeleshes_02.jpg" } }, { "id": 1364, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1364-ralli-patchwork-quilt/", "name": "Ralli patchwork quilt", "native": "رلی", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Pakistan", "India" ], "country_codes": [ "PK", "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Cut and piece small coloured triangles and squares into a bold ralli quilt, matching colour rules for contrast and adding applique and mirror work to finish.", "how_played": "Cut and piece small coloured triangles and squares into a bold ralli quilt, matching colour rules for contrast and adding applique and mirror work to finish.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Pakistan, India.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ralli_is_Sindhi-Pakistani_quilt.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01364-ralli-patchwork-quilt.jpg", "author": "Khalid Mahmood", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ralli_is_Sindhi-Pakistani_quilt.jpg" } }, { "id": 1365, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1365-ringridning/", "name": "Ringridning", "native": "ringridning", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Denmark" ], "country_codes": [ "DK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Gallop a lance towards a hanging ring; each round the ring shrinks until only the steadiest hand catches the smallest one.", "how_played": "Gallop a lance towards a hanging ring; each round the ring shrinks until only the steadiest hand catches the smallest one.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Denmark.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ringridning_p%C3%A5_Hovedengen,_Ribe.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01365-ringridning.jpg", "author": "Thomas Dahlstrøm Nielsen", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ringridning_p%C3%A5_Hovedengen,_Ribe.jpg" } }, { "id": 1367, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1367-crossbow-target-match/", "name": "Crossbow Target Match", "native": "Balestra sammarinese", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy", "San Marino" ], "country_codes": [ "IT", "SM" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Wind the crossbow, steady the sight against wind and wobble, and loose one bolt per round at a distant bullseye in a head-to-head match.", "how_played": "Wind the crossbow, steady the sight against wind and wobble, and loose one bolt per round at a distant bullseye in a head-to-head match.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy, San Marino. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Men_shooting_at_a_target_with_crossbows._Etching._Wellcome_V0040445.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01367-crossbow-target-match.jpg", "author": "Wellcome Collection (generic crossbow-target etching; no San Marino photo found)", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Men_shooting_at_a_target_with_crossbows._Etching._Wellcome_V0040445.jpg" } }, { "id": 1368, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1368-qamariya-gypsum-window-designer/", "name": "Qamariya Gypsum Window Designer", "native": "قمرية", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Yemen" ], "country_codes": [ "YE" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Fill a carved gypsum fan-light with coloured glass pieces to match a geometric template; light shines through and floods the room when the pattern is complete.", "how_played": "Fill a carved gypsum fan-light with coloured glass pieces to match a geometric template; light shines through and floods the room when the pattern is complete.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Yemen.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanaa_Window,_Yemen_(10716059805).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01368-qamariya-gypsum-window-designer.jpg", "author": "Rod Waddington from Kergunyah, Australia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanaa_Window,_Yemen_(10716059805).jpg" } }, { "id": 1370, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1370-shibam-mud-brick-tower-builder/", "name": "Shibam Mud-Brick Tower Builder", "native": "شبام حضرموت", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Yemen" ], "country_codes": [ "YE" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Stack and plaster sun-dried mud-brick storeys into a tall, narrow tower house, balancing wall thickness, floor load and window placement against rain, wind and a growing city grid.", "how_played": "Stack and plaster sun-dried mud-brick storeys into a tall, narrow tower house, balancing wall thickness, floor load and window placement against rain, wind and a growing city grid.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Yemen.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01370-shibam-mud-brick-tower-builder.jpg", "author": "Jialiang Gao www.peace-on-earth.org [dead link]", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg" } }, { "id": 1371, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1371-shital-pati-cool-mat-weaving/", "name": "Shital pati cool mat weaving", "native": "শীতল পাটি", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "country_codes": [ "BD" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Split murta cane into fine strips, dye some, and weave over-and-under to build a geometric pattern mat that is cool to sit on.", "how_played": "Split murta cane into fine strips, dye some, and weave over-and-under to build a geometric pattern mat that is cool to sit on.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shital_Pati_weaving.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01371-shital-pati-cool-mat-weaving.jpg", "author": "Faizul Latif Chowdhury", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shital_Pati_weaving.jpg" } }, { "id": 1372, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1372-sierra-leone-country-cloth-strip-loom/", "name": "Sierra Leone Country Cloth Strip Loom", "native": "Country cloth", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sierra Leone" ], "country_codes": [ "SL" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Throw the shuttle on a narrow strip loom to weave stripes of indigo and white, then sew the strips side by side into a patterned cloth that matches a target design.", "how_played": "Throw the shuttle on a narrow strip loom to weave stripes of indigo and white, then sew the strips side by side into a patterned cloth that matches a target design.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sierra Leone. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BEATTY(1915)_Fig10_Weaving_country_cloth.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01372-sierra-leone-country-cloth-strip-loom.jpg", "author": "Beatty, Kenneth James (Sir)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BEATTY(1915)_Fig10_Weaving_country_cloth.jpg" } }, { "id": 1373, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1373-shophouse-facade-builder/", "name": "Shophouse facade builder", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Singapore", "China", "Malaysia" ], "country_codes": [ "SG", "CN", "MY" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Assemble a five-foot-way shophouse front from tiles, louvred shutters, pintu pagar gates and plaster ornaments in matching pastel palettes to satisfy a street's heritage brief.", "how_played": "Assemble a five-foot-way shophouse front from tiles, louvred shutters, pintu pagar gates and plaster ornaments in matching pastel palettes to satisfy a street's heritage brief.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Singapore, China, Malaysia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colorful_shophouses_in_Koon_Seng_Road,_Singapore.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01373-shophouse-facade-builder.jpg", "author": "Basile Morin", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colorful_shophouses_in_Koon_Seng_Road,_Singapore.jpg" } }, { "id": 1375, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1375-slutsk-sash-weaving/", "name": "Slutsk Sash Weaving", "native": "Слуцкія паясы", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Belarus" ], "country_codes": [ "BY" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Arrange floral and stripe motifs on a long two-sided silk sash, then flip it to see the inverse colour scheme created by the weave.", "how_played": "Arrange floral and stripe motifs on a long two-sided silk sash, then flip it to see the inverse colour scheme created by the weave.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belarus.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Slutsk_belt_-_by_master_craftsman_Leo_Madjarski_-_cyrillic_script_-_Belarus_-_1780s_AD.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01375-slutsk-sash-weaving.jpg", "author": "master craftsman Leo Madjarski", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Slutsk_belt_-_by_master_craftsman_Leo_Madjarski_-_cyrillic_script_-_Belarus_-_1780s_AD.jpg" } }, { "id": 1377, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1377-swazi-carved-figures-and-craft-market/", "name": "Swazi carved figures and craft market", "native": "Swazi carved figures and craft market", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Eswatini" ], "country_codes": [ "SZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Carve small wooden figures with beaded details, set them out in a craft-market stall and serve customers who want particular styles.", "how_played": "Carve small wooden figures with beaded details, set them out in a craft-market stall and serve customers who want particular styles.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Eswatini. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crafts_in_Eswatini.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01377-swazi-carved-figures-and-craft-market.jpg", "author": "Heather Dowd from Singapore, Singapore", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crafts_in_Eswatini.jpg" } }, { "id": 1380, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1380-tifinagh-letter-puzzle/", "name": "Tifinagh Letter Puzzle", "native": "Tifinagh / ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Niger", "Morocco", "Libya", "Algeria" ], "country_codes": [ "NE", "MA", "LY", "DZ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Match geometric Tifinagh signs to sounds, then assemble short place and everyday words, finally carving them on a rock slab.", "how_played": "Match geometric Tifinagh signs to sounds, then assemble short place and everyday words, finally carving them on a rock slab.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Niger, Morocco, Libya. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tifinagh_alphabet.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01380-tifinagh-letter-puzzle.jpg", "author": "Serg!o", "licence": "CC BY 2.0 es", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tifinagh_alphabet.png" } }, { "id": 1381, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1381-timorese-coffee-cherry-harvest-and-sort/", "name": "Timorese coffee cherry harvest and sort", "native": "kafé Timor-Leste", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Timor-Leste" ], "country_codes": [ "TL" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Pick only ripe red cherries, pulp, dry on the raised bed and sort defect beans from good ones before rain arrives.", "how_played": "Pick only ripe red cherries, pulp, dry on the raised bed and sort defect beans from good ones before rain arrives.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Timor-Leste.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015-08-12_Kaffee_in_Maubisse_2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01381-timorese-coffee-cherry-harvest-and-sort.jpg", "author": "GAB MEMAP, Ministro de Estado e Ministro da Agricultura e Pescas", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015-08-12_Kaffee_in_Maubisse_2.jpg" } }, { "id": 1383, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1383-takienta-tower-house-builder/", "name": "Takienta Tower-House Builder", "native": "Takienta (Batammariba mud tower-houses)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Togo" ], "country_codes": [ "TG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Stack coil-built clay walls, a two-storey flat roof, a thatched granary cone and an animal pen to complete a fortified family compound before the rains, matching tower shapes to the plot.", "how_played": "Stack coil-built clay walls, a two-storey flat roof, a thatched granary cone and an animal pen to complete a fortified family compound before the rains, matching tower shapes to the plot.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Togo. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Togo_Taberma_house_02.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01383-takienta-tower-house-builder.jpg", "author": "Erik Kristensen", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Togo_Taberma_house_02.jpg" } }, { "id": 1384, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1384-valley-tonga-coil-pottery/", "name": "Valley Tonga coil pottery", "native": "Valley Tonga coil pottery", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tonga", "Zambia" ], "country_codes": [ "TO", "ZM" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Coil clay rings by hand into a pot, shape the belly and neck, burnish and incise patterns, then fire it and judge the result.", "how_played": "Coil clay rings by hand into a pot, shape the belly and neck, burnish and incise patterns, then fire it and judge the result.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tonga, Zambia. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valley_Tonga_Pot.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01384-valley-tonga-coil-pottery.jpg", "author": "Nebiyu.s", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valley_Tonga_Pot.JPG" } }, { "id": 1385, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1385-ngatu-bark-cloth-pattern-rubbing/", "name": "Ngatu bark-cloth pattern rubbing", "native": "Ngatu", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Tonga" ], "country_codes": [ "TO" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Beat and glue bark-cloth, lay it over relief boards (kupesi) and rub in the pattern, then paint in repeating motifs row by row.", "how_played": "Beat and glue bark-cloth, lay it over relief boards (kupesi) and rub in the pattern, then paint in repeating motifs row by row.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Tonga. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Painting_barkcloth_(tapa)_in_Tonga_(Tongatapu)_1969.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01385-ngatu-bark-cloth-pattern-rubbing.jpg", "author": "Ruth Bookman", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Painting_barkcloth_(tapa)_in_Tonga_(Tongatapu)_1969.jpg" } }, { "id": 1386, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1386-tranta/", "name": "Trânta", "native": "Trânta", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Moldova", "Romania" ], "country_codes": [ "MD", "RO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Wrestling", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Two wrestlers grip the opponent's shoulders or belt and try to throw them flat on the back within a time limit, best of three rounds.", "how_played": "Two wrestlers grip the opponent's shoulders or belt and try to throw them flat on the back within a time limit, best of three rounds.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Moldova, Romania.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Moldova_-_1999_-_Colnect_215923_-_Wrestling_-_Tranta.jpeg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01386-tranta.jpg", "author": "Post of Moldova", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Moldova_-_1999_-_Colnect_215923_-_Wrestling_-_Tranta.jpeg" } }, { "id": 1387, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1387-trembita/", "name": "Trembita", "native": "Трембіта", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ukraine" ], "country_codes": [ "UA" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Blow a long wooden horn by choosing harmonics on a pitch ladder, calling signals across valleys to echo back.", "how_played": "Blow a long wooden horn by choosing harmonics on a pitch ladder, calling signals across valleys to echo back.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ukraine. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hutsuls_-_trembitas.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01387-trembita.jpg", "author": "Unknown prewar photographers", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hutsuls_-_trembitas.jpg" } }, { "id": 1388, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1388-bulgarian-painted-pottery/", "name": "Bulgarian Painted Pottery", "native": "Троянска керамика", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bulgaria" ], "country_codes": [ "BG" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Paint a red-clay plate with drop-shaped slip trails and peacock-eye patterns using a horn tool, then fire it in the kiln.", "how_played": "Paint a red-clay plate with drop-shaped slip trails and peacock-eye patterns using a horn tool, then fire it in the kiln.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bulgaria.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Pottery.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01388-bulgarian-painted-pottery.jpg", "author": "P. Hughes", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Pottery.jpg" } }, { "id": 1390, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1390-tuareg-tea/", "name": "Tuareg Tea", "native": "Atay / Attaya", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Niger" ], "country_codes": [ "NE" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Brew green tea with sugar on glowing charcoal, pour it high between glasses to raise foam and serve three rounds, each stronger, balancing heat, sugar and timing.", "how_played": "Brew green tea with sugar on glowing charcoal, pour it high between glasses to raise foam and serve three rounds, each stronger, balancing heat, sugar and timing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Niger. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Tuareg_in_northern_Mali_prepares_a_fire_for_making_tea.jpg (shows Tuareg tea case)" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01390-tuareg-tea.jpg", "author": "Unrecorded; see Commons page", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Tuareg_in_northern_Mali_prepares_a_fire_for_making_tea.jpg (shows Tuareg tea case)" } }, { "id": 1392, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1392-turkmen-silver-jewelry-designer/", "name": "Turkmen Silver Jewelry Designer", "native": "Türkmen şaý-sepleri", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Turkmenistan" ], "country_codes": [ "TM" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Arrange silver plates, carnelian cabochons and dangling pendants into a symmetrical bridal-set layout following traditional ornament families.", "how_played": "Arrange silver plates, carnelian cabochons and dangling pendants into a symmetrical bridal-set layout following traditional ornament families.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Turkmenistan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Handmade_silver_turkmen_jewelry.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01392-turkmen-silver-jewelry-designer.jpg", "author": "Gulzar Nurlyyeva", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Handmade_silver_turkmen_jewelry.jpg" } }, { "id": 1394, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1394-vai-syllabary-decoder/", "name": "Vai Syllabary Decoder", "native": "Vai script (ꕙꔤ)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Liberia" ], "country_codes": [ "LR" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Learn a handful of Vai syllable signs, then match, build and decode short Vai words and phrases from a tile chart, like a rebus crossword.", "how_played": "Learn a handful of Vai syllable signs, then match, build and decode short Vai words and phrases from a tile chart, like a rebus crossword.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Liberia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vai-script.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01394-vai-syllabary-decoder.jpg", "author": "KillOrDie (attributed)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vai-script.jpg" } }, { "id": 1395, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1395-sand-drawing/", "name": "Sand drawing", "native": "Sandroing / tok-tok drawing", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Vanuatu" ], "country_codes": [ "VU" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Trace one unbroken line around a dot grid with your finger so that the pattern closes into a symmetric figure without lifting or retracing.", "how_played": "Trace one unbroken line around a dot grid with your finger so that the pattern closes into a symmetric figure without lifting or retracing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Vanuatu. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sand_drawing,_Vanuatu.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01395-sand-drawing.jpg", "author": "PhillipC", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sand_drawing,_Vanuatu.jpg" } }, { "id": 1396, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1396-varpa/", "name": "Varpa", "native": "varpa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sweden" ], "country_codes": [ "SE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Throw a flat heavy disc 15-20 m to land beside a stick, trading turns with an opponent.", "how_played": "Throw a flat heavy disc 15-20 m to land beside a stick, trading turns with an opponent.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sweden. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varpa_en_Kr%C3%A4klingbo_23.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01396-varpa.jpg", "author": "Bene Riobó", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varpa_en_Kr%C3%A4klingbo_23.jpg" } }, { "id": 1397, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1397-venda-team-dances/", "name": "Venda team dances", "native": "Venda team dances (Tshigombela / reed-pipe ensemble)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Africa" ], "country_codes": [ "ZA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dances", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Lead a line of dancers with stamp and clap patterns over drums and reed pipes, joining in layers so every voice enters on its beat.", "how_played": "Lead a line of dancers with stamp and clap patterns over drums and reed pipes, joining in layers so every voice enters on its beat.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Africa.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venda_dancers,_Mashovhela_Bush_Lodge,_Louis_Trichardt,_Limpopo,_South_Africa_(10185242894).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01397-venda-team-dances.jpg", "author": "South African Tourism from South Africa", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venda_dancers,_Mashovhela_Bush_Lodge,_Louis_Trichardt,_Limpopo,_South_Africa_(10185242894).jpg" } }, { "id": 1398, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1398-water-polo-sprint/", "name": "Water Polo Sprint", "native": "Vaterpolo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Montenegro" ], "country_codes": [ "ME" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Swim, pass and shoot in short seven-a-side matches with a shot clock, aiming past a goalkeeper at the far end.", "how_played": "Swim, pass and shoot in short seven-a-side matches with a shot clock, aiming past a goalkeeper at the far end.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Montenegro.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Montenegro_national_water_polo_team_2025.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01398-water-polo-sprint.jpg", "author": "Sportopedia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Montenegro_national_water_polo_team_2025.jpg" } }, { "id": 1399, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1399-wazza-gourd-trumpet/", "name": "Wazza gourd trumpet", "native": "Wazza", "alt": [ "Wazza" ], "countries": [ "Sudan" ], "country_codes": [ "SD" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Nile and the Horn.", "summary": "Blow into long gourd horns and match pitch pulses with other players in harvest ensemble.", "how_played": "Blow into long gourd horns and match pitch pulses with other players in harvest ensemble.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sudan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9.jpg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wazza" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01399-wazza-gourd-trumpet.jpg", "author": "Alzain Mohammed", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9.jpg" } }, { "id": 1400, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1400-yalli/", "name": "Yalli", "native": "Yallı", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Azerbaijan" ], "country_codes": [ "AZ" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Persia, Caucasus and Central Asia.", "summary": "Dance in a chain and follow the leader through some of the 120 figures, including animal pantomimes and butting moves.", "how_played": "Dance in a chain and follow the leader through some of the 120 figures, including animal pantomimes and butting moves.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Azerbaijan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Azerbaijan_national_dance_in_Ismay%C4%B1ll%C4%B1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01400-yalli.jpg", "author": "ElxanQəniyev", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Azerbaijan_national_dance_in_Ismay%C4%B1ll%C4%B1.jpg" } }, { "id": 1401, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1401-yap-stone-money-trade-puzzle/", "name": "Yap stone money trade puzzle", "native": "Rai", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Micronesia" ], "country_codes": [ "FM" ], "region": "Oceania and Pacific", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Pacific and Oceania", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Pacific and Oceania.", "summary": "Transport huge stone discs between villages by canoe, balancing weight and wind, trading ownership without moving the stone.", "how_played": "Transport huge stone discs between villages by canoe, balancing weight and wind, trading ownership without moving the stone.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Micronesia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yap_stone_money_2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01401-yap-stone-money-trade-puzzle.jpg", "author": "Scot Nelson", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yap_stone_money_2.jpg" } }, { "id": 1404, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1404-bamileke-beadwork-designer/", "name": "Bamileke beadwork designer", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cameroon" ], "country_codes": [ "CM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "String and place coloured glass beads and cowries onto a panel following traditional geometric motifs to fill a bag, stool cover or calabash.", "how_played": "String and place coloured glass beads and cowries onto a panel following traditional geometric motifs to fill a bag, stool cover or calabash.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cameroon. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4924_Bamileke_beaded_bag._Cameroon_(3420342066).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01404-bamileke-beadwork-designer.jpg", "author": "Ann Porteus from Tasmania, Australia", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4924_Bamileke_beaded_bag._Cameroon_(3420342066).jpg" } }, { "id": 1405, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1405-bamum-script-writer/", "name": "Bamum script writer", "native": "Shümom", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Cameroon" ], "country_codes": [ "CM" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Decode and write words with the Bamum syllabary, watching its signs simplify step by step from pictures to syllable characters.", "how_played": "Decode and write words with the Bamum syllabary, watching its signs simplify step by step from pictures to syllable characters.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Cameroon.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bamum_syllabary.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01405-bamum-script-writer.jpg", "author": "kwami (talk) Uploaded by Kwamikagami at en.wikipedia", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bamum_syllabary.png" } }, { "id": 1406, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1406-chinchinero-drum-walk/", "name": "Chinchinero Drum Walk", "native": "Chinchinero", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Chile" ], "country_codes": [ "CL" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "A street performer carries a big bass drum on his back, beats it with sticks while dancing and sometimes plays cymbals with his feet; the player copies drum patterns and steps.", "how_played": "A street performer carries a big bass drum on his back, beats it with sticks while dancing and sometimes plays cymbals with his feet; the player copies drum patterns and steps.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Chile.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinchineros_-_man_orchestra_(4306187131).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01406-chinchinero-drum-walk.jpg", "author": "Carlos Ebert from São Paulo, BrazilGRU", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinchineros_-_man_orchestra_(4306187131).jpg" } }, { "id": 1408, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1408-trick-roping/", "name": "Trick Roping", "native": "Trick roping", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "The performer spins and shapes a loop of rope into patterns such as the flat loop, Texas skip and wedding cake, adding jumps through the loop.", "how_played": "The performer spins and shapes a loop of rope into patterns such as the flat loop, Texas skip and wedding cake, adding jumps through the loop.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Austin_Stewart_performing_trick_roping,_Kingsville_Pro_Rodeo,_Woodslee,_Ontario,_2025-07-26_02.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01408-trick-roping.jpg", "author": "Chris Woodrich", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Austin_Stewart_performing_trick_roping,_Kingsville_Pro_Rodeo,_Woodslee,_Ontario,_2025-07-26_02.jpg" } }, { "id": 1409, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1409-engolo/", "name": "Engolo", "native": "N'golo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Angola" ], "country_codes": [ "AO" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Southern Africa", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Southern Africa.", "summary": "Two players circle to the music, dodging and sweeping with kicks from inverted positions, scoring when one is thrown off balance.", "how_played": "Two players circle to the music, dodging and sweeping with kicks from inverted positions, scoring when one is thrown off balance.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Angola.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Engolo-Angola.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01409-engolo.jpg", "author": "Matthias Röhrig Assunção", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Engolo-Angola.jpg" } }, { "id": 1410, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1410-five-pin-bowling/", "name": "Five-Pin Bowling", "native": "Quilles a cinq", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Small hard rubber balls knock down five numbered pins (value 5-3-2-3-5); players score by pin value across ten frames.", "how_played": "Small hard rubber balls knock down five numbered pins (value 5-3-2-3-5); players score by pin value across ten frames.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Canada.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:5-pin_bowling_pins_(4177654894).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01410-five-pin-bowling.jpg", "author": "Benjamin J. DeLong", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:5-pin_bowling_pins_(4177654894).jpg" } }, { "id": 1411, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1411-frevo-umbrella-dance/", "name": "Frevo Umbrella Dance", "native": "Frevo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Brazil" ], "country_codes": [ "BR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Dancers leap, crouch and kick in fast steps while twirling a small colourful umbrella to brass marching music.", "how_played": "Dancers leap, crouch and kick in fast steps while twirling a small colourful umbrella to brass marching music.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Brazil.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frevo_dancers_-_Olinda,_Pernambuco,_Brazil(2).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01411-frevo-umbrella-dance.jpg", "author": "Prefeitura de Olinda", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frevo_dancers_-_Olinda,_Pernambuco,_Brazil(2).jpg" } }, { "id": 1412, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1412-ice-canoe-race/", "name": "Ice Canoe Race", "native": "Course en canot a glace", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Teams of five push, drag and paddle a canoe over ice floes of the St Lawrence River, climbing in and out of the boat.", "how_played": "Teams of five push, drag and paddle a canoe over ice floes of the St Lawrence River, climbing in and out of the boat.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Canada.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Course_canot_%C3%A0_glace_2024_(7).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01412-ice-canoe-race.jpg", "author": "Gabriel Picard", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Course_canot_%C3%A0_glace_2024_(7).jpg" } }, { "id": 1413, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1413-jangada-sailing/", "name": "Jangada Sailing", "native": "Jangada", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Brazil" ], "country_codes": [ "BR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Fishermen sail a log raft with a triangular sail, steering and balancing against crew weight to reach fishing grounds and return before the wind turns.", "how_played": "Fishermen sail a log raft with a triangular sail, steering and balancing against crew weight to reach fishing grounds and return before the wind turns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Brazil.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jangada,_Cumbuco,_Fortaleza,_Cear%C3%A1,_Brazil_-_panoramio.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01413-jangada-sailing.jpg", "author": "Boris Karpuk", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jangada,_Cumbuco,_Fortaleza,_Cear%C3%A1,_Brazil_-_panoramio.jpg" } }, { "id": 1416, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1416-lake-chad-reed-boat-builder/", "name": "Lake Chad reed boat builder", "native": "Kadei", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Chad" ], "country_codes": [ "TD" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Gather, bundle and lash papyrus reeds into a buoyant boat, balancing the bundles so it sails straight and carries its load.", "how_played": "Gather, bundle and lash papyrus reeds into a buoyant boat, balancing the bundles so it sails straight and carries its load.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Chad.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reed_boats_at_Lake_Chad.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01416-lake-chad-reed-boat-builder.jpg", "author": "Steve Bittinger", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reed_boats_at_Lake_Chad.jpg" } }, { "id": 1417, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1417-malambo/", "name": "Malambo", "native": "Malambo", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Argentina" ], "country_codes": [ "AR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "A solo male dancer performs fast heel-and-toe stamping (zapateo) in sequences, traditionally competing with another dancer, with boleadora strikes on the floor.", "how_played": "A solo male dancer performs fast heel-and-toe stamping (zapateo) in sequences, traditionally competing with another dancer, with boleadora strikes on the floor.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Argentina.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malambo_solista.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01417-malambo.jpg", "author": "Overkill53", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malambo_solista.jpg" } }, { "id": 1418, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1418-mate-pouring/", "name": "Mate Pouring", "native": "Mate / cebado", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Argentina" ], "country_codes": [ "AR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Prepare the gourd with yerba, add water at the right temperature and pour into a tilted gourd; keep the pour steady so the foam is perfect.", "how_played": "Prepare the gourd with yerba, add water at the right temperature and pour into a tilted gourd; keep the pour steady so the foam is perfect.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Argentina. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cebando_mate.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01418-mate-pouring.jpg", "author": "Prácticas Intraescolares", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cebando_mate.jpg" } }, { "id": 1419, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1419-murga-uruguaya-carnival-troupe/", "name": "Murga Uruguaya Carnival Troupe", "native": "Murga uruguaya", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Uruguay" ], "country_codes": [ "UY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "A troupe sings in chorus over three percussion instruments (bombo, platillos, redoblante); the player drives the rhythm sections to match the troupe.", "how_played": "A troupe sings in chorus over three percussion instruments (bombo, platillos, redoblante); the player drives the rhythm sections to match the troupe.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Uruguay.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Margarita_en_2011.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01419-murga-uruguaya-carnival-troupe.jpg", "author": "Zeroth", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Margarita_en_2011.JPG" } }, { "id": 1420, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1420-mvet/", "name": "Mvet", "native": "Mvet", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Gabon", "Cameroon", "Equatorial Guinea" ], "country_codes": [ "GA", "CM", "GQ" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Play the mvet by plucking strings on both sides of a bridge while opening and closing the resonators with the chest to shape the melody.", "how_played": "Play the mvet by plucking strings on both sides of a bridge while opening and closing the resonators with the chest to shape the melody.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Gabon, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mvet_(MDMB_679).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01420-mvet.jpg", "author": "Sguastevi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mvet_(MDMB_679).jpg" } }, { "id": 1422, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1422-nzango/", "name": "Nzango", "native": "Nzango", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Congo" ], "country_codes": [ "CG" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Two teams chant and clap while each player in turn tries to outmanoeuvre an opponent's foot position to win a point.", "how_played": "Two teams chant and clap while each player in turn tries to outmanoeuvre an opponent's foot position to win a point.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Congo.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Femmes_jouant_au_Nzango_en_2018.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01422-nzango.jpg", "author": "Hermas kadianga ONGA", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Femmes_jouant_au_Nzango_en_2018.jpg" } }, { "id": 1423, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1423-ogooue-river-pirogue-journey/", "name": "Ogooué river pirogue journey", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Gabon" ], "country_codes": [ "GA" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Paddle and pole a dugout pirogue upstream, reading rapids and currents and loading cargo at river landings.", "how_played": "Paddle and pole a dugout pirogue upstream, reading rapids and currents and loading cargo at river landings.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Gabon.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ogooué-Une_pirogue_au_départ.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01423-ogooue-river-pirogue-journey.jpg", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ogooué-Une_pirogue_au_départ.jpg" } }, { "id": 1424, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1424-bottle-dance/", "name": "Bottle Dance", "native": "Danza de la botella", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Paraguay", "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "PY", "ES" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "A dancer performs polka-like steps to harp music while a stack of bottles is balanced on her head, growing taller as the dance goes on.", "how_played": "A dancer performs polka-like steps to harp music while a stack of bottles is balanced on her head, growing taller as the dance goes on.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Paraguay, Spain.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Danza_de_la_botella.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01424-bottle-dance.jpg", "author": "Overkill53", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Danza_de_la_botella.jpg" } }, { "id": 1425, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1425-paraguayan-harp/", "name": "Paraguayan Harp", "native": "Arpa paraguaya", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Paraguay" ], "country_codes": [ "PY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "The player plucks a diatonic harp with fingernails, playing traditional polkas and guaranias by sweeping across strings as notes fall toward them.", "how_played": "The player plucks a diatonic harp with fingernails, playing traditional polkas and guaranias by sweeping across strings as notes fall toward them.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Paraguay.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paraguayan_harp_new.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01425-paraguayan-harp.jpg", "author": "M.t.lifshits & Aij", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paraguayan_harp_new.jpg" } }, { "id": 1426, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1426-payada/", "name": "Payada", "native": "Payada", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Argentina", "Uruguay" ], "country_codes": [ "AR", "UY" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Two payadores sing improvised rhyming verses to guitar, each answering the other's subject.", "how_played": "Two payadores sing improvised rhyming verses to guitar, each answering the other's subject.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Argentina, Uruguay.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Payador_rancho.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01426-payada.jpg", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Payador_rancho.jpg" } }, { "id": 1427, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1427-chilean-rayuela/", "name": "Chilean Rayuela", "native": "Rayuela chilena", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Chile" ], "country_codes": [ "CL" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Two sides pitch heavy metal discs (tejos) onto a clay-filled box with a taut chalk line; the closest to the line scores and a disc touching the line scores more.", "how_played": "Two sides pitch heavy metal discs (tejos) onto a clay-filled box with a taut chalk line; the closest to the line scores and a disc touching the line scores more.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Chile.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rayuela_-_San_Fernando_-_Chile_01.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01427-chilean-rayuela.jpg", "author": "3BRBS", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rayuela_-_San_Fernando_-_Chile_01.JPG" } }, { "id": 1428, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1428-sao-tome-cocoa-and-chocolate-maker/", "name": "São Tomé cocoa and chocolate maker", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sao Tome and Principe" ], "country_codes": [ "ST" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Ferment, dry, sort, roast and grind cocoa beans in the right order and timing, then mould and wrap bars.", "how_played": "Ferment, dry, sort, roast and grind cocoa beans in the right order and timing, then mould and wrap bars.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sao Tome and Principe.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Séchage_du_cacao_à_Generosa_(São_Tomé)_(1).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01428-sao-tome-cocoa-and-chocolate-maker.jpg", "author": "Ji-Elle", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Séchage_du_cacao_à_Generosa_(São_Tomé)_(1).jpg" } }, { "id": 1429, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1429-spelling-bee/", "name": "Spelling Bee", "native": "Spelling bee", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Contestants spell given words aloud letter by letter in knockout rounds, with word, definition and origin asked beforehand.", "how_played": "Contestants spell given words aloud letter by letter in knockout rounds, with word, definition and origin asked beforehand.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elementary_school_spelling_bee,_December_2011.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01429-spelling-bee.jpg", "author": "Heather Temske", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elementary_school_spelling_bee,_December_2011.jpg" } }, { "id": 1430, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1430-tchiloli-masked-play/", "name": "Tchiloli masked play", "native": "Tchiloli", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Sao Tome and Principe" ], "country_codes": [ "ST" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Stage a procession and courtroom drama by choosing characters, costumes, masks and cues, then conducting the verse rounds.", "how_played": "Stage a procession and courtroom drama by choosing characters, costumes, masks and cues, then conducting the verse rounds.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Sao Tome and Principe. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tchiloli_à_São_Tomé_(56).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01430-tchiloli-masked-play.jpg", "author": "Ji-Elle", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tchiloli_à_São_Tomé_(56).jpg" } }, { "id": 1432, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1432-seven-key-cabinet-puzzle/", "name": "Seven-Key Cabinet Puzzle", "native": "Armari de les Set Claus", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Andorra" ], "country_codes": [ "AD" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Control seven key-holders around a historic council house; collect each key from its parish tower and bring all seven to the cabinet in the right order, with doors that need two keys at once.", "how_played": "Control seven key-holders around a historic council house; collect each key from its parish tower and bring all seven to the cabinet in the right order, with doors that need two keys at once.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Andorra.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Casa_de_la_Vall_d%27Andorra_la_vella_(AFCEC_BORDAS_X_595).jpeg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01432-seven-key-cabinet-puzzle.jpg", "author": "Frederic Bordas Altarriba", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Casa_de_la_Vall_d%27Andorra_la_vella_(AFCEC_BORDAS_X_595).jpeg" } }, { "id": 1433, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1433-antigua-classic-yacht-race/", "name": "Antigua Classic Yacht Race", "native": "Classic yacht racing", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Antigua and Barbuda", "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "AG", "GB" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Trim sails, read the wind and round the buoys in a race of large wooden classic yachts.", "how_played": "Trim sails, read the wind and round the buoys in a race of large wooden classic yachts.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Antigua and Barbuda, United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ranger_at_Antigua_Classic_Yacht_Regatta_2005.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01433-antigua-classic-yacht-race.jpg", "author": "Trappist the monk", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ranger_at_Antigua_Classic_Yacht_Regatta_2005.jpg" } }, { "id": 1434, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1434-atarraya/", "name": "Atarraya", "native": "Atarraya", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Colombia" ], "country_codes": [ "CO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Hold the weighted net in coiled loops, spin and throw it so it opens into a perfect circle over a shoal, then haul it in.", "how_played": "Hold the weighted net in coiled loops, spin and throw it so it opens into a perfect circle over a shoal, then haul it in.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Colombia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_pescador_y_su_atarraya.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01434-atarraya.jpg", "author": "Gccortesb", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_pescador_y_su_atarraya.jpg" } }, { "id": 1435, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1435-bahamian-straw-plaiting/", "name": "Bahamian Straw Plaiting", "native": "Straw work", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bahamas" ], "country_codes": [ "BS" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Plait strips of palm straw into braids, then coil and sew them into hats, baskets and bags following traditional patterns.", "how_played": "Plait strips of palm straw into braids, then coil and sew them into hats, baskets and bags following traditional patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bahamas.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bahamas_1988_(174)_New_Providence_Straw_Market,_Nassau_(23841199426).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01435-bahamian-straw-plaiting.jpg", "author": "Rüdiger Stehn", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bahamas_1988_(174)_New_Providence_Straw_Market,_Nassau_(23841199426).jpg" } }, { "id": 1436, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1436-baleada-stand/", "name": "Baleada Stand", "native": "Baleada", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Honduras" ], "country_codes": [ "HN" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Press and stretch flour-tortilla dough on a hot comal, fold it over beans, cheese and cream, and serve the queue before orders time out.", "how_played": "Press and stretch flour-tortilla dough on a hot comal, fold it over beans, cheese and cream, and serve the queue before orders time out.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Honduras.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baleada_making_in_Roatan.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01436-baleada-stand.jpg", "author": "Inti Martínez Alemán", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baleada_making_in_Roatan.jpg" } }, { "id": 1437, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1437-banqi/", "name": "Banqi", "native": "暗棋 / 半棋", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China", "Taiwan" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "TW" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Chess family", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "All 32 xiangqi pieces lie face-down on a 4x8 grid; on your turn flip one or move/capture with a revealed piece of your colour, using the rank chain (general beats all but soldier; soldier beats general).", "how_played": "All 32 xiangqi pieces lie face-down on a 4x8 grid; on your turn flip one or move/capture with a revealed piece of your colour, using the rank chain (general beats all but soldier; soldier beats general).", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, Taiwan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BanQi.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01437-banqi.jpg", "author": "w:Zen., wc:User:Alton", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BanQi.jpg" } }, { "id": 1438, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1438-tuk-band/", "name": "Tuk Band", "native": "Tuk band", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Barbados" ], "country_codes": [ "BB" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Play the bass drum, snare ('kettle'), triangle and tin flute in a marching ensemble, layering parts to strike the steady tuk beat.", "how_played": "Play the bass drum, snare ('kettle'), triangle and tin flute in a marching ensemble, layering parts to strike the steady tuk beat.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Barbados.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tuk_band.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01438-tuk-band.jpg", "author": "Ronaldwalcott", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tuk_band.jpg" } }, { "id": 1440, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1440-bequia-boat-and-model-builder/", "name": "Bequia Boat and Model Builder", "native": "Bequia boatbuilding", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" ], "country_codes": [ "VC" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Shape a hull from planks, then add ribs, mast and sails to build a boat or a handsome scale model.", "how_played": "Shape a hull from planks, then add ribs, mast and sails to build a boat or a handsome scale model.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_-_Bequia_boats_&_fish_market.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01440-bequia-boat-and-model-builder.jpg", "author": "Unknown author (historic postcard)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_-_Bequia_boats_&_fish_market.jpg" } }, { "id": 1441, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1441-frisian-road-bowling/", "name": "Frisian Road Bowling", "native": "Boßeln / Klootschießen", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ireland", "Netherlands", "Germany" ], "country_codes": [ "IE", "NL", "DE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Teams throw a small rubber-and-steel ball along a country road; the team that gets farthest in the fewest throws wins; use of curves and gutters decides.", "how_played": "Teams throw a small rubber-and-steel ball along a country road; the team that gets farthest in the fewest throws wins; use of curves and gutters decides.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ireland, Netherlands, Germany.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bo%C3%9Feln_(road_bowling)_at_country_road_near_Leezdorf,_East_Frisia,_Germany.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01441-frisian-road-bowling.jpg", "author": "Hartmut Schmidt Heidelberg", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bo%C3%9Feln_(road_bowling)_at_country_road_near_Leezdorf,_East_Frisia,_Germany.jpg" } }, { "id": 1442, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1442-caballito-de-totora/", "name": "Caballito de totora", "native": "Caballito de totora", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Peru" ], "country_codes": [ "PE" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Bind totora reeds into the pointed boat, then paddle out kneeling and balance over swells to cast and haul the fishing line, riding waves back to shore.", "how_played": "Bind totora reeds into the pointed boat, then paddle out kneeling and balance over swells to cast and haul the fishing line, riding waves back to shore.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Peru.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reed_boat_in_Huanchaco.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01442-caballito-de-totora.jpg", "author": "Bernard Gagnon", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reed_boat_in_Huanchaco.jpg" } }, { "id": 1443, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1443-change-ringing/", "name": "Change Ringing", "native": "Change ringing", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Pull the ropes in the correct order so the bells sound in changing sequences (Plain Hunt, Grandsire style), learning each place in the pattern without clashing.", "how_played": "Pull the ropes in the correct order so the bells sound in changing sequences (Plain Hunt, Grandsire style), learning each place in the pattern without clashing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bell_ringing_at_Great_Barton,_Suffolk.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01443-change-ringing.jpg", "author": "Qazwsx777", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bell_ringing_at_Great_Barton,_Suffolk.jpg" } }, { "id": 1444, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1444-chinampa-gardens/", "name": "Chinampa Gardens", "native": "Chinampas de Xochimilco", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mexico" ], "country_codes": [ "MX" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Build rafts of reed and mud on the lake, plant strips of vegetables and flowers and rotate crops while canoes carry the harvest.", "how_played": "Build rafts of reed and mud on the lake, plant strips of vegetables and flowers and rotate crops while canoes carry the harvest.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mexico. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinampa.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01444-chinampa-gardens.jpg", "author": "Jflo23", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinampa.JPG" } }, { "id": 1446, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1446-chorreador/", "name": "Chorreador", "native": "Chorreador de café", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Costa Rica" ], "country_codes": [ "CR" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Hang the cloth bag on the wooden stand, add ground coffee, pour hot water slowly and judge the pour for strength and timing.", "how_played": "Hang the cloth bag on the wooden stand, add ground coffee, pour hot water slowly and judge the pour for strength and timing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Costa Rica.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chorreador.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01446-chorreador.jpg", "author": "Sharalds", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chorreador.jpg" } }, { "id": 1448, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1448-cynghanedd-poetry-puzzle/", "name": "Cynghanedd Poetry Puzzle", "native": "Cynghanedd", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Fill a line so its consonants repeat in a fixed pattern (cross-rhyme, sain, llusg), solving a clue like a crossword for sound.", "how_played": "Fill a line so its consonants repeat in a fixed pattern (cross-rhyme, sain, llusg), solving a clue like a crossword for sound.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dr_Iwan_Bryn_Williams_has_invented_an_electrical_%27cynghanedd%27_game_(1586009).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01448-cynghanedd-poetry-puzzle.jpg", "author": "Geoff Charles", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dr_Iwan_Bryn_Williams_has_invented_an_electrical_%27cynghanedd%27_game_(1586009).jpg" } }, { "id": 1450, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1450-ecuavoley/", "name": "Ecuavoley", "native": "Ecuavóley", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ecuador" ], "country_codes": [ "EC" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Three-a-side net game over a 2.8 m net with a heavy ball: a server, a setter and a flyer; the ball may be held briefly, and teams rally to 15 points.", "how_played": "Three-a-side net game over a 2.8 m net with a heavy ball: a server, a setter and a flyer; the ball may be held briefly, and teams rally to 15 points.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ecuador.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Partido_de_exhibici%C3%B3n,_Olimpiadas_Juveniles_de_invierno,_Lausanne,_2022.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01450-ecuavoley.jpg", "author": "SantGalTerEcuavoley", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Partido_de_exhibici%C3%B3n,_Olimpiadas_Juveniles_de_invierno,_Lausanne,_2022.jpg" } }, { "id": 1451, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1451-ice-stock-sport/", "name": "Ice Stock Sport", "native": "Eisstockschießen", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Austria", "Germany" ], "country_codes": [ "AT", "DE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Slide a heavy stock down a 28 m lane to land closest to the target ring (Daube), bumping rivals out of the way, in teams of four.", "how_played": "Slide a heavy stock down a 28 m lane to land closest to the target ring (Daube), bumping rivals out of the way, in teams of four.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Austria, Germany.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eisstock.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01451-ice-stock-sport.jpg", "author": "No machine-readable author provided. Kmarka assumed (based on copyright claims).", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eisstock.jpg" } }, { "id": 1452, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1452-finger-hooking/", "name": "Finger Hooking", "native": "Fingerhakeln", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Germany", "Austria" ], "country_codes": [ "DE", "AT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Rhyme and hand games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Two players hook one finger in a leather loop across a table and try to drag the opponent over.", "how_played": "Two players hook one finger in a leather loop across a table and try to drag the opponent over.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany, Austria. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Georg_Schildknecht_Fingerhakeln.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01452-finger-hooking.jpg", "author": "Georg Schildknecht", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Georg_Schildknecht_Fingerhakeln.jpg" } }, { "id": 1453, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1453-geomungo/", "name": "Geomungo", "native": "거문고", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Pluck and strike six silk strings with a bamboo plectrum over 16 raised frets, following falling notes in the deep, resonant style of the geomungo.", "how_played": "Pluck and strike six silk strings with a bamboo plectrum over 16 raised frets, following falling notes in the deep, resonant style of the geomungo.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geomungo_11_string.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01453-geomungo.jpg", "author": "Visviva", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geomungo_11_string.jpg" } }, { "id": 1454, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1454-goguryeo-mural-restoration/", "name": "Goguryeo Mural Restoration", "native": "고구려 고분벽화", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea", "North Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR", "KP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of River Valleys and First Cities (about 3000 to 1000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Reassemble flaked mural fragments of hunting, dance and wrestling scenes on a plaster wall, matching colour, line and pigment before the scene is complete.", "how_played": "Reassemble flaked mural fragments of hunting, dance and wrestling scenes on a plaster wall, matching colour, line and pigment before the scene is complete.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea, North Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01454-goguryeo-mural-restoration.jpg", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg" } }, { "id": 1455, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1455-goryeo-celadon-inlay/", "name": "Goryeo Celadon Inlay", "native": "고려청자 상감", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea", "North Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR", "KP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Incise crane, cloud and chrysanthemum motifs into a green celadon vessel, fill them with white and black slip, and judge the glaze in the kiln for the famous kingfisher-jade colour.", "how_played": "Incise crane, cloud and chrysanthemum motifs into a green celadon vessel, fill them with white and black slip, and judge the glaze in the kiln for the famous kingfisher-jade colour.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea, North Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ewer,_celadon_with_inlaid_decoration.Goryeo_Period._Guimet.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01455-goryeo-celadon-inlay.jpg", "author": "Ismoon (talk)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ewer,_celadon_with_inlaid_decoration.Goryeo_Period._Guimet.jpg" } }, { "id": 1456, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1456-grenada-nutmeg-grading/", "name": "Grenada Nutmeg Grading", "native": "Nutmeg sorting", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Grenada" ], "country_codes": [ "GD" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Dry, crack, sort and grade nutmegs and mace by size and quality, then bag them for market.", "how_played": "Dry, crack, sort and grade nutmegs and mace by size and quality, then bag them for market.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Grenada. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nutmeg_Collective_Grenada_2009_02.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01456-grenada-nutmeg-grading.jpg", "author": "Paul Harrison", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nutmeg_Collective_Grenada_2009_02.jpg" } }, { "id": 1457, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1457-portuguese-guitar/", "name": "Portuguese Guitar", "native": "Guitarra Portuguesa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Portugal" ], "country_codes": [ "PT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Pluck paired steel strings in the right rhythm and ornaments to follow a melodic line over a fado song, with strumming and glissando touches.", "how_played": "Pluck paired steel strings in the right rhythm and ornaments to follow a melodic line over a fado song, with strumming and glissando touches.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Portugal. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2_Portuguese_guitars.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01457-portuguese-guitar.jpg", "author": "TenIslands", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2_Portuguese_guitars.jpg" } }, { "id": 1459, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1459-haenyeo-breath-dive/", "name": "Haenyeo Breath Dive", "native": "해녀", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Hold your breath, dive along rope lines, grab abalone, conch and seaweed among the rocks, then surface to breathe before your lungs run out; sell the haul and upgrade nets.", "how_played": "Hold your breath, dive along rope lines, grab abalone, conch and seaweed among the rocks, then surface to breathe before your lungs run out; sell the haul and upgrade nets.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Jeju-Haenyeo-02.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01459-haenyeo-breath-dive.jpg", "author": "by karendotcom127", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Jeju-Haenyeo-02.jpg" } }, { "id": 1460, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1460-haitian-oil-drum-metal-cut-out-art/", "name": "Haitian Oil-Drum Metal Cut-Out Art", "native": "Fè koupe (Croix-des-Bouquets)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Haiti" ], "country_codes": [ "HT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Flatten a steel drum, trace a design (birds, trees, dancers, fish), then chisel and hammer the outline and add texture lines before the piece is finished and hung.", "how_played": "Flatten a steel drum, trace a design (birds, trees, dancers, fish), then chisel and hammer the outline and add texture lines before the piece is finished and hung.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Haiti. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Haitian_Metal_Art_(8321093754).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01460-haitian-oil-drum-metal-cut-out-art.jpg", "author": "Alex Proimos", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Haitian_Metal_Art_(8321093754).jpg" } }, { "id": 1461, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1461-tap-tap-bus-painting/", "name": "Tap-Tap Bus Painting", "native": "Tap-tap", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Haiti" ], "country_codes": [ "HT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Design a gaudy painted shared-taxi bus with panels, portraits, slogans and patterns, then drive it along a colourful route picking up passengers.", "how_played": "Design a gaudy painted shared-taxi bus with panels, portraits, slogans and patterns, then drive it along a colourful route picking up passengers.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Haiti.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kolore_Tap-Tap_nan_Port_au_Prince_-_panoramio.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01461-tap-tap-bus-painting.jpg", "author": "Greg Gebhardt", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kolore_Tap-Tap_nan_Port_au_Prince_-_panoramio.jpg" } }, { "id": 1462, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1462-cheongsam-tailor-shop/", "name": "Cheongsam Tailor Shop", "native": "旗袍 (長衫) 縫紉", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Take measurements, choose fabric and pattern, mark darts and cut and sew a fitted dress with frogs and mandarin collar, matching the client's order.", "how_played": "Take measurements, choose fabric and pattern, mark darts and cut and sew a fitted dress with frogs and mandarin collar, matching the client's order.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uncomplete_Cheongsam_on_the_tailor_shop_in_Central.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01462-cheongsam-tailor-shop.jpg", "author": "Peachyeung316", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uncomplete_Cheongsam_on_the_tailor_shop_in_Central.jpg" } }, { "id": 1463, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1463-hong-kong-milk-tea-pulling/", "name": "Hong Kong Milk Tea Pulling", "native": "港式奶茶 (絲襪奶茶)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Steep black tea leaves in a cloth strainer, pull the tea back and forth between two pots at the right speed, mix evaporated milk, and serve a rush of orders in time.", "how_played": "Steep black tea leaves in a cloth strainer, pull the tea back and forth between two pots at the right speed, mix evaporated milk, and serve a rush of orders in time.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_Hong_Kong_Style_Milk_Tea.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01463-hong-kong-milk-tea-pulling.jpg", "author": "K.C. Tang", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_Hong_Kong_Style_Milk_Tea.JPG" } }, { "id": 1464, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1464-irish-handball/", "name": "Irish Handball", "native": "Liathróid láimhe", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Ireland" ], "country_codes": [ "IE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Strike a small rubber ball with your palm against a wall, alternating with your opponent so each shot must hit the front wall before a second bounce.", "how_played": "Strike a small rubber ball with your palm against a wall, alternating with your opponent so each shot must hit the front wall before a second bounce.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ireland.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boys_playing_handball_at_a_handball_court_in_Ireland_in_the_1930s_(5774774659).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01464-irish-handball.jpg", "author": "National Library of Ireland on The Commons", "licence": "No restrictions", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boys_playing_handball_at_a_handball_court_in_Ireland_in_the_1930s_(5774774659).jpg" } }, { "id": 1465, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1465-jamaican-sound-system-selector/", "name": "Jamaican Sound System Selector", "native": "Sound system", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Jamaica" ], "country_codes": [ "JM" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "As the selector, pick records from a crate, cue them and cross-fade between two turntables, then add a toast over the beat to keep the crowd dancing in a street dance.", "how_played": "As the selector, pick records from a crate, cue them and cross-fade between two turntables, then add a toast over the beat to keep the crowd dancing in a street dance.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Jamaica.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sound_System.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01465-jamaican-sound-system-selector.jpg", "author": "Dubdem e FabDub", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sound_System.jpg" } }, { "id": 1466, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1466-malha/", "name": "Malha", "native": "Jogo da Malha", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Portugal" ], "country_codes": [ "PT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Archery, throwing and target games", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Slide or throw a flat metal disc 18 m to knock down a wooden pin (meco), earning points for distance and for toppling it.", "how_played": "Slide or throw a flat metal disc 18 m to knock down a wooden pin (meco), earning points for distance and for toppling it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Portugal. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jogo_da_Malha.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01466-malha.jpg", "author": "Lucasbrivilato", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jogo_da_Malha.jpg" } }, { "id": 1467, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1467-kalinda-stick-duel/", "name": "Kalinda Stick Duel", "native": "Kalinda / bois", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Trinidad and Tobago" ], "country_codes": [ "TT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Wrestling and martial sports", "family": "Tag, chase and hide games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Caribbean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Caribbean.", "summary": "Two stick-fighters circle in a ring while drums set the beat; block, strike and dodge in time with the rhythm to win points.", "how_played": "Two stick-fighters circle in a ring while drums set the beat; block, strike and dodge in time with the rhythm to win points.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Trinidad and Tobago. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1930s_Trinidad_Stick_Fighting.png" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01467-kalinda-stick-duel.jpg", "author": "Unknown author (1930s film still)", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1930s_Trinidad_Stick_Fighting.png" } }, { "id": 1468, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1468-maedeup/", "name": "Maedeup", "native": "매듭", "alt": [], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Follow a pattern to fold and pull coloured cords through loops to form a symmetrical knot, then attach a tassel and hang it as an ornament.", "how_played": "Follow a pattern to fold and pull coloured cords through loops to form a symmetrical knot, then attach a tassel and hang it as an ornament.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_knotting-Maedeup-01.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01468-maedeup.jpg", "author": "SJ Yang", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_knotting-Maedeup-01.jpg" } }, { "id": 1469, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1469-krulbol/", "name": "Krulbol", "native": "Krulbol / Rolle Bolle", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Belgium", "Netherlands" ], "country_codes": [ "BE", "NL" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Roll a flat, off-centre disc so it curves around the lane and stops as close as possible to a stake, in teams.", "how_played": "Roll a flat, off-centre disc so it curves around the lane and stops as close as possible to a stake, in teams.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Belgium, Netherlands.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staak_met_bollen.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01469-krulbol.jpg", "author": "VlaS", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staak_met_bollen.JPG" } }, { "id": 1470, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1470-stamp-designer-and-perforator/", "name": "Stamp Designer and Perforator", "native": "Briefmarkengestaltung", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Liechtenstein" ], "country_codes": [ "LI" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Compose a small engraved stamp (portrait, border, value), choose ink colours, then align the perforation comb and cancel marks to pass inspection.", "how_played": "Compose a small engraved stamp (portrait, border, value), choose ink colours, then align the perforation comb and cancel marks to pass inspection.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Liechtenstein.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Briefmarkenentwurf_von_Kolomon_Moser_1912_(1).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01470-stamp-designer-and-perforator.jpg", "author": "Pakeha", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Briefmarkenentwurf_von_Kolomon_Moser_1912_(1).jpg" } }, { "id": 1471, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1471-macau-portuguese-custard-tart-bake/", "name": "Macau Portuguese Custard Tart Bake", "native": "澳門葡撻", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Portugal", "China" ], "country_codes": [ "PT", "CN" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Press pastry into tins, pour in custard, set oven heat and timer so the tops caramelise perfectly into the signature dark-spotted, flaky, wobbly tarts.", "how_played": "Press pastry into tins, pour in custard, set oven heat and timer so the tops caramelise perfectly into the signature dark-spotted, flaky, wobbly tarts.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Portugal, China.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portuguese_egg_tart_in_Macau.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01471-macau-portuguese-custard-tart-bake.jpg", "author": "Pauloleong2002", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portuguese_egg_tart_in_Macau.jpg" } }, { "id": 1472, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1472-marinera-nortena/", "name": "Marinera Norteña", "native": "Marinera norteña", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Peru" ], "country_codes": [ "PE" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dances", "family": "Folk and line dances", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Two dancers flirt with waving handkerchiefs.", "how_played": "Two dancers flirt with waving handkerchiefs.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Peru.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marinera_Norte%C3%B1a_1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01472-marinera-nortena.jpg", "author": "Miguel Vera León from Santiago, Chile", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marinera_Norte%C3%B1a_1.jpg" } }, { "id": 1473, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1473-masaya-hammock-weaving/", "name": "Masaya Hammock Weaving", "native": "Hamaca de Masaya", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Nicaragua" ], "country_codes": [ "NI" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Pull cotton strands over a frame, knot the rows and choose colour stripes to weave a hammock, matching a customer's order.", "how_played": "Pull cotton strands over a frame, knot the rows and choose colour stripes to weave a hammock, matching a customer's order.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Nicaragua.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hammock_factory_-_panoramio.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01473-masaya-hammock-weaving.jpg", "author": "Eric Phelps", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hammock_factory_-_panoramio.jpg" } }, { "id": 1475, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1475-harbour-street-circuit-time-trial/", "name": "Harbour Street Circuit Time Trial", "native": "Circuit de la rade (generic)", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Monaco" ], "country_codes": [ "MC" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Racing", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Steer a small racing car around a tight harbour street course with barriers, tunnel and hairpin, braking and cornering to beat a ghost lap.", "how_played": "Steer a small racing car around a tight harbour street course with barriers, tunnel and hairpin, braking and cornering to beat a ghost lap.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Monaco.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circuit_de_Monaco_-_Sortie_du_virage_du_Tabac_(54783935639).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01475-harbour-street-circuit-time-trial.jpg", "author": "crash71100", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circuit_de_Monaco_-_Sortie_du_virage_du_Tabac_(54783935639).jpg" } }, { "id": 1476, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1476-mongolian-bow-archery/", "name": "Mongolian Bow Archery", "native": "сур харвах", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Mongolia" ], "country_codes": [ "MN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Archery and target games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Steppe and Arctic", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Steppe and Arctic.", "summary": "Draw a composite horn bow, adjust for wind and distance, and shoot at a row of small woven-leather cylinders stacked on a ground wall, scoring clearing cylinders.", "how_played": "Draw a composite horn bow, adjust for wind and distance, and shoot at a row of small woven-leather cylinders stacked on a ground wall, scoring clearing cylinders.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Mongolia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20230712_Archery_contest_in_Mongolia_2.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01476-mongolian-bow-archery.jpg", "author": "Orgio89", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20230712_Archery_contest_in_Mongolia_2.jpg" } }, { "id": 1478, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1478-clay-bird-whistle-painting/", "name": "Clay Bird Whistle Painting", "native": "Péckvillercher", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Luxembourg" ], "country_codes": [ "LU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Wind instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Mould and fire a small clay bird, paint its glaze in the traditional blue, white, green and red patterns, then blow it to match a short whistle tune.", "how_played": "Mould and fire a small clay bird, paint its glaze in the traditional blue, white, green and red patterns, then blow it to match a short whistle tune.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Luxembourg. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luxembourg,_Eemaischen_2022_-_P%C3%A9ckvillercher_(101).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01478-clay-bird-whistle-painting.jpg", "author": "GilPe", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luxembourg,_Eemaischen_2022_-_P%C3%A9ckvillercher_(101).jpg" } }, { "id": 1479, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1479-penghu-stone-weir-tide-puzzle/", "name": "Penghu Stone Weir Tide Puzzle", "native": "澎湖石滬", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Taiwan" ], "country_codes": [ "TW" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Stack basalt and coral stones into heart- or crescent-shaped tidal weirs, then watch the tide ebb and flood to trap fish; better wall shapes catch more.", "how_played": "Stack basalt and coral stones into heart- or crescent-shaped tidal weirs, then watch the tide ebb and flood to trap fish; better wall shapes catch more.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Taiwan. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%9F%B3%E6%BB%AC_1.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01479-penghu-stone-weir-tide-puzzle.jpg", "author": "曾宥輯", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%9F%B3%E6%BB%AC_1.jpg" } }, { "id": 1480, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1480-pollera-and-tembleques/", "name": "Pollera and Tembleques", "native": "La Pollera panameña y los tembleques", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Panama" ], "country_codes": [ "PA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Assemble the dress layers and thread the shimmering hair ornaments (tembleques) in symmetrical patterns that tremble as the dancer moves.", "how_played": "Assemble the dress layers and thread the shimmering hair ornaments (tembleques) in symmetrical patterns that tremble as the dancer moves.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Panama. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empollerada_paname%C3%B1a.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01480-pollera-and-tembleques.jpg", "author": "Ayaita", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empollerada_paname%C3%B1a.jpg" } }, { "id": 1481, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1481-puerto-rican-cuatro/", "name": "Puerto Rican Cuatro", "native": "Cuatro", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Americas", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Strum and pluck the ten-string cuatro in time with the beat as the notes scroll, matching chords and melodic runs.", "how_played": "Strum and pluck the ten-string cuatro in time with the beat as the notes scroll, matching chords and melodic runs.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cuatro_puertorriqueño,_modelo_histórico.JPG" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01481-puerto-rican-cuatro.jpg", "author": "Caballero1967", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cuatro_puertorriqueño,_modelo_histórico.JPG" } }, { "id": 1482, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1482-pupusa-maker/", "name": "Pupusa Maker", "native": "Pupusa", "alt": [], "countries": [ "El Salvador" ], "country_codes": [ "SV" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Pat out masa, stuff it with beans, cheese or pork, seal and griddle it, then top plates with curtido and salsa for the queue of customers.", "how_played": "Pat out masa, stuff it with beans, cheese or pork, seal and griddle it, then top plates with curtido and salsa for the queue of customers.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of El Salvador.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Typical_serving_of_Pupusas_in_El_Salvador.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01482-pupusa-maker.jpg", "author": "Ll1324", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Typical_serving_of_Pupusas_in_El_Salvador.jpg" } }, { "id": 1486, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1486-giant-barriletes/", "name": "Giant Barriletes", "native": "Barriletes gigantes", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guatemala" ], "country_codes": [ "GT" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: Mesoamerica", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: Mesoamerica.", "summary": "Design a big coloured tissue-paper kite on a bamboo frame, balance it, then fly it in wind without tearing.", "how_played": "Design a big coloured tissue-paper kite on a bamboo frame, balance it, then fly it in wind without tearing.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Guatemala. Some forms of this practice carry deep meaning for the communities who keep it; here we describe the play and the craft only, with respect for its roots.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Festival_Barriletes_en_Sumpango_Detalle.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01486-giant-barriletes.jpg", "author": "SantiagoGG", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Festival_Barriletes_en_Sumpango_Detalle.jpg" } }, { "id": 1489, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1489-tsugaru-shamisen/", "name": "Tsugaru Shamisen", "native": "津軽三味線", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Strike and pluck three strings with a large plectrum (bachi) on a drum-skinned lute, hitting accents in rapid, percussive folk phrases.", "how_played": "Strike and pluck three strings with a large plectrum (bachi) on a drum-skinned lute, hitting accents in rapid, percussive folk phrases.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsugaru-shamisen_(8564059094).jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01489-tsugaru-shamisen.jpg", "author": "Michael Coghlan from Adelaide, Australia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsugaru-shamisen_(8564059094).jpg" } }, { "id": 1490, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1490-ukiyo-e-woodblock-printing/", "name": "Ukiyo-e Woodblock Printing", "native": "木版画 / 浮世絵", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Carve a key block, then press layered colour blocks with a baren onto damp washi, registering each impression exactly so the picture comes alive layer by layer.", "how_played": "Carve a key block, then press layered colour blocks with a baren onto damp washi, registering each impression exactly so the picture comes alive layer by layer.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baren_Soka_Art_Museum.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01490-ukiyo-e-woodblock-printing.jpg", "author": "Tiouraren (Y.-C. Tsai)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baren_Soka_Art_Museum.jpg" } }, { "id": 1491, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1491-uyuni-salt-harvest/", "name": "Uyuni Salt Harvest", "native": "Cosecha de sal en el Salar de Uyuni", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Bolivia" ], "country_codes": [ "BO" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: Andes and South America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: Andes and South America.", "summary": "Rake and pile the salt crust into cones to dry, load the llama caravan and plan the route across the flat before the weather changes.", "how_played": "Rake and pile the salt crust into cones to dry, load the llama caravan and plan the route across the flat before the weather changes.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bolivia.", "sources": [ "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a.jpg" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01491-uyuni-salt-harvest.jpg", "author": "Luca Galuzzi (Lucag), edit by Trialsanderrors", "licence": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a.jpg" } }, { "id": 1987, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/1987-chinese-paper-cutting/", "name": "Chinese paper cutting", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Developed in China after the invention of paper, with the earliest surviving examples from the Northern Dynasties period (5th to 6th century CE) and a continuous tradition since.", "summary": "Chinese paper cutting, or jianzhi, is the art of making patterns and pictures by cutting folded or flat paper with scissors or a small knife. Paper was invented in China about two thousand years ago, and the oldest surviving paper-cuts, found in tombs at Turpan in Xinjiang, are symmetrical circles and animals from the fifth and sixth centuries. The art flourished under later dynasties, and was inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.", "how_played": "The cutter folds a square of thin paper, often red, in half, quarters or more, so that the design repeats on unfolding. Cuts are made along the folded edges and into the body of the folded wedge using small sharp scissors or a knife, with a pattern drawn or mentally planned. A cut on a fold edge opens into a whole shape when the paper is unfolded, and a cut at the centre becomes the heart of the design. The cutter then opens the paper carefully to reveal the symmetrical pattern.", "heritage_note": "Paper-cuts are pasted on windows and doors for the Spring Festival, given at weddings and birthdays and used as embroidery patterns, and each region has its own style. Cuts from Yu County in Hebei are coloured, cuts from northern Shaanxi are bold and expressive, and those from Foshan in Guangdong use metal foil. Typical subjects include flowers, fish, the twelve zodiac animals and characters of good fortune, with red the colour of luck. Skills are passed down within families, and especially from mothers and grandmothers to girls.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_paper_cutting" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/01987-chinese-paper-cutting.jpg", "author": "Lanneixi", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_Paper_Cutting.png" } }, { "id": 2047, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/2047-conkers/", "name": "Conkers", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Recorded from the mid-1800s in England, the Isle of Wight is the earliest documented place. It grew out of older string games played with snail shells and hazelnuts, and it spread across Britain and Ireland wherever horse chestnut trees were planted.", "summary": "Conkers is the autumn playground game of Britain and Ireland, played with the glossy brown seeds of the horse chestnut tree threaded on a length of string. Two players take turns to swing their conker at the other's until one of them shatters. The tree was brought to Britain from the Balkans in the late 1500s, and the first written account of children playing with the seeds comes from the Isle of Wight in 1848, where the game had earlier been played with snail shells and hazelnuts. Today it ends each September in organised championships as well as in every school yard.", "how_played": "Each player drills a hole through a conker, threads it on a string about 25 centimetres long and knots the end. One player lets the conker dangle at arm's length while the other winds the string round their hand, pulls back and takes a swing at it. Players alternate strikes; if the strings tangle, the first to call out 'snags' gets a free strike. The last conker whole wins, and a conker that has beaten others inherits their tally, so a champion is a 'oner', a 'twoer' or a 'fiver' and counts every victory of the opponents it has beaten.", "heritage_note": "Conkers belongs to the seasonal calendar of children in the United Kingdom and Ireland: the seeds fall in September and October, and the game lasts only as long as the supply. Folk wisdom is full of ways to make a champion, from baking and soaking in vinegar to keeping a conker for a full year, although organised events treat all such tricks as cheating and usually provide the conkers themselves. The World Conker Championships have been held every October since 1965 in Ashton, Northamptonshire, and raise money for charity. Health and safety debates, and a few school bans on the game, have become part of its modern story.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conkers" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/02047-conkers.jpg", "author": "Kevin Doncaster", "licence": "CC BY 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conker_(248814699).jpeg" } }, { "id": 2189, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/2189-djembe/", "name": "Djembe", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Guinea", "Mali" ], "country_codes": [ "GN", "ML" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A Mande instrument from the Mali Empire region of West Africa, with its history before the 20th century known mainly through oral tradition.", "summary": "The djembe is a goblet-shaped hand drum from West Africa, carved from a single piece of hardwood and covered with a goatskin head. It originated among the Mandinka (Maninka) and Bambara peoples of the old Mali Empire, today's Mali, Guinea and neighbouring countries. A familiar Maninka saying explains its name: 'anke djé, anke bé', meaning 'everyone gather together in peace'. Its sounds range from deep bass to ringing tone and sharp slap, which are all produced by the bare hands.", "how_played": "The drummer wears the djembe from a strap or holds it between the knees and strikes the head with both hands. Striking the centre of the skin with the whole hand gives the deep bass, striking near the rim with the fingers together gives an open tone, and striking at the very edge with relaxed fingers gives the slap. In an ensemble the djembe players are joined by bass drums called dunun, and a lead drummer plays calls and solos over repeating patterns while accompanists hold the rhythm. The group answers, repeats and develops phrases in turn.", "heritage_note": "In the Mande world, the making of drums traditionally belongs to the blacksmith families, and the drum is played at weddings, naming days, harvests and community celebrations as well as at big dances. Each rhythm, such as Kuku or Djole, is linked to a particular occasion, dance or group, and mastering the repertoire requires years of apprenticeship. In the 1950s the Guinean company Les Ballets Africains, founded by Fodeba Keita, brought the djembe to international stages, and drummers such as Mamady Keita and Famoudou Konate carried it around the world. Djembe circles are now found in cities across the globe.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djembe" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/02189-djembe.jpg", "author": "Djembe Art", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lenke_djembe_from_Mali.jpeg" } }, { "id": 2772, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/2772-juldarigi/", "name": "Juldarigi", "native": "", "alt": [ "Korean: 줄다리기", "also chuldarigi", "Tug of war", "Rope pulling" ], "countries": [ "South Korea", "United Kingdom", "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "KR", "GB", "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Tug of war, two teams pulling on one rope, is among the oldest contests of strength and is played at village festivals from Korea and Japan to Britain and Indonesia; several Asian rope-pulling festivals are listed as living heritage.", "how_played": "Teams grip the rope on either side of a centre mark and pull in time to a caller; the side that drags the mark past its own line wins. Rhythm, footing and holding the surge matter as much as weight.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea, United Kingdom, Indonesia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juldarigi", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tug_of_war" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/02772-juldarigi.jpg", "author": "Steve46814 at English Wikipedia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Hi_Seoul_Festival-2006-09.jpg" } }, { "id": 2937, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/2937-koto/", "name": "Koto", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Introduced from China in the 7th and 8th centuries and developed in Japan into a distinct tradition, with its modern solo repertoire established in the 1600s.", "summary": "The koto is the Japanese long zither, with thirteen silk strings stretched over a body of paulownia wood about 180 centimetres long and a movable bridge under each string. It was introduced from China during the Nara period, in the seventh and eighth centuries, together with the court music known as gagaku, and it developed its own solo and ensemble repertoire in Japan. The great blind composer Yatsuhashi Kengyo, in the seventeenth century, set the foundations of the modern koto tradition.", "how_played": "The player kneels at the side of the instrument and plucks the strings with ivory picks, called tsume, worn on three fingers of the right hand. The movable bridges are set for the key of the piece before the performance, and the left hand presses the string behind a bridge to raise the pitch by a half or whole step. Players also sweep across the strings, strike them with the pick and slide to produce a wide range of tone colours. The koto is played solo, with voice and as part of the trio known as sankyoku with shamisen and shakuhachi.", "heritage_note": "In the Edo period the koto was the instrument of the blind musicians' guilds and a mark of cultivation among women of the upper classes. In the twentieth century Miyagi Michio, whose Haru no Umi (Sea of Spring, 1929) is among the best-known Japanese pieces, joined the traditional koto with Western music and added the seventeen-string bass koto. Today it is heard at New Year celebrations, weddings and concerts, and is studied by amateur players of all ages.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koto_(instrument)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 3332, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/3332-origami/", "name": "Origami", "native": "", "alt": [ "Modular origami" ], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Developed in Japan from the 7th century onward after the arrival of paper; the first surviving instruction book dates from 1797, and the modern international art spread after the 1950s.", "summary": "Origami is the Japanese art of folding a single sheet of paper into a figure, without cutting or gluing, and its name joins ori, 'fold', and kami, 'paper'. Paper reached Japan from China and Korea about the seventh century, and folded paper was used for ceremonial wrapping and decoration before it became a pastime. The first surviving book of folding instructions, Hiden Senbazuru Orikata, appeared in 1797, and it explains how to fold linked cranes from one sheet.", "how_played": "The folder starts with a square of paper and makes a sequence of valley folds, where the paper folds toward the folder, and mountain folds, where it folds away. Creases are pressed sharp and the paper is reshaped by opening, flattening and turning steps, for example a squash fold or a reverse fold. The crane, with its long neck and spread wings, is the most famous model, and a kite, a fish and a paper dart are good starters. Each model is described by a short series of diagrams that follow the same set of symbols used worldwide.", "heritage_note": "The modern art owes much to Akira Yoshizawa (1911-2005), who created thousands of designs and developed the system of lines and arrows now used in instruction diagrams, later refined with the Western folders Samuel Randlett and Robert Harbin. Paper folding also has independent traditions in China, Spain and Germany, where it was part of the kindergarten method of Friedrich Froebel. A thousand paper cranes, senbazuru, strung together are given in Japan as a wish for health and long life, and the crane has become a global symbol of peace. Modern folders explore mathematics, engineering and medical devices with the same craft.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origami", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_origami" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/03332-origami.jpg", "author": "Laitche", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cranes_made_by_Origami_paper.jpg" } }, { "id": 3348, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/3348-oud/", "name": "Oud", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Iraq", "Egypt", "Syria" ], "country_codes": [ "IQ", "EG", "SY" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Developed in the Middle East from earlier lutes; written sources from the 9th century onward describe its tuning and use in the courts of Baghdad and Cairo.", "summary": "The oud is the pear-shaped, short-necked, fretless lute at the heart of Arab and Middle Eastern music. Its name comes from the Arabic al-ud, 'the wood', and the same word is the source of the European word lute through Moorish Spain. The instrument is most closely associated with Iraq, Syria and Egypt, though it is also central to music in Turkey, Iran, the Maghreb and the Gulf. Its likely ancestor, the Persian barbat, is a few centuries older.", "how_played": "The player sits with the oud resting across the lap and plucks with a plectrum held in the right hand, traditionally a long piece of eagle feather. The strings are arranged in pairs, called courses, usually eleven strings in total with a single bass string, and tuned in fourths. Since there are no frets, the left hand slides along the bare neck to find each note exactly, including the quarter-tones that give maqam modes such as Rast and Bayati their character. The player improvises melodic lines over rhythmic cycles, and often opens a performance with a free-form taqsim.", "heritage_note": "The ninth-century Baghdad musician Ziryab is said to have taken the oud to Cordoba in Moorish Spain, where he added a fifth course of strings and helped found a school of music that shaped later Andalusian traditions. The philosophers al-Kindi and al-Farabi wrote about it, and the oud is sometimes called the king of instruments. In the twentieth century great players such as Munir Bashir of Iraq, Farid al-Atrash and Mohamed Abdel Wahab of Egypt and Riad al-Sunbati made it a solo instrument as well as an accompaniment for singers. Modern makers in Baghdad, Damascus and Cairo are renowned for carved sound holes and thin, bent-staved bowls.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/03348-oud.jpg", "author": "Creator:Manol (Emmanuel Venios)", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C5%AAd_MET_DP340079.jpg" } }, { "id": 3686, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/3686-rugby-football/", "name": "Rugby football", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "New Zealand", "South Africa" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "NZ", "ZA" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Team ball sports", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Developed at Rugby School in Warwickshire, England, in the early 1800s from older village football games that allowed handling the ball, and formalised in London in 1871.", "summary": "Rugby football takes its name from Rugby School in Warwickshire, where a version of the football game with handling and running had taken hold by the 1820s; the old story that William Webb Ellis invented it by picking up the ball in 1823 first appeared decades later and is not supported by contemporary evidence. The Rugby Football Union was founded in London in 1871, and the sport soon spread through the British Empire to become a national passion in New Zealand and South Africa. The conversion kick, which gives two extra points after a try, is one of the sport's most watched moments of pure skill.", "how_played": "After a try is scored, the scoring side may attempt a conversion kick from any point in line with where the ball was grounded, at any distance back from the try line. The ball is placed upright on a tee, and the kicker has a limited amount of time to take the attempt while the opposing team waits behind the try line. The ball must pass over the crossbar and between the two upright posts to count, and the kicker reads wind, distance and angle before a short, rehearsed run-up. A successful conversion is worth two points, and a try itself is worth five.", "heritage_note": "Rugby union is played in more than a hundred countries and carries a strong sense of tradition: the ball itself is still named after the school town, and kickers such as those of the All Blacks and the Springboks are celebrated as national figures. In New Zealand and South Africa the sport is closely tied to community identity, school and club life, and to long-standing rivalries between the two nations. A separate code, rugby league, split away in northern England in 1895. A conversion attempt is known for its silence, as a stadium of tens of thousands falls quiet while the kicker makes a deliberate routine.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_football" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/03686-rugby-football.jpg", "author": "Unknown author Unknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Foot_Ball,_Kingston-upon-Thames,_Shrove_Tuesday,_Feb._24th,_1846.jpg" } }, { "id": 3840, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/3840-ski-jumping/", "name": "Ski jumping", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Norway" ], "country_codes": [ "NO" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Water and winter sports", "family": "Winter sports", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Developed in Norway in the 1800s, especially in the Telemark district, and carried abroad by Norwegian emigrants and sports-minded travellers in the late 1800s.", "summary": "Ski jumping is a winter sport born in the snowy hills of Norway, where skiers jump from a ramp and are judged on both how far they fly and how cleanly they land. Competition jumping developed in the Telemark region in the 1800s, and Sondre Norheim of Morgedal became a legendary figure for his long jumps and his new style of binding. The first public jumping contests are recorded in the early 1860s, and the Holmenkollen hill above Oslo has hosted a national festival since 1892.", "how_played": "The jumper crouches on the in-run of a long, icy track, picks up speed, and extends from the take-off lip into a flight position with the skis spread forward and apart in a V. Five judges award marks for style, taking points off for poor balance, bent skis in flight or a rough landing, and the distance is measured from the take-off to the landing. The jumper lands in the telemark pose, with one foot placed ahead of the other and the knees bent, and holds it to the end of the run-out. Points are then adjusted for wind and for the height of the starting gate.", "heritage_note": "Ski jumping is a national passion in Norway and also in Finland, Austria, Germany, Poland, Slovenia and Japan. The telemark landing, named for the region where skiing was developed as a sport, is a living link to the earliest jumpers and is still required by the rules. The sport was part of the first Winter Olympic Games at Chamonix in 1924, and women's competitions joined the Olympic programme in 2014. The modern V-style, in which the skis are held apart in flight, was introduced by the Swedish jumper Jan Boklov in the 1980s and quickly replaced the older parallel style.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 4485, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4485-alquerque/", "name": "Alquerque", "native": "", "alt": [ "Alquerque de doce" ], "countries": [ "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "ES" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Recorded in the Arab world from the 10th century and in Spain from the 13th century; surviving boards across Spain and North Africa show a long tradition.", "summary": "Alquerque is a board game of capture played on a grid of 25 points joined by lines, and it is one of the ancestors of draughts. The name comes from the Arabic al-qirkat. It was widely played across Spain and North Africa in the Middle Ages and was described in Alfonso X of Castile's Book of Games, compiled in 1283, which shows the game of twelve pieces a side. Some scholars suggest its roots lie in the ancient Middle East, but there is no reliable dating.", "how_played": "Each player has twelve pieces, which start on opposite halves of the board with the centre point empty. On a turn, a piece steps along a line to an adjacent empty point, forward or sideways but never backward. A piece captures by jumping over an adjacent enemy piece, in any direction along a line, into the empty point beyond and removing it, and multiple jumps may be chained. Capture is compulsory, and the player who captures all of the opponent's pieces or leaves them with no move wins.", "heritage_note": "Alquerque boards were scratched into floors, steps and the lids of chests, and played with pebbles and shells by anyone who could draw a few lines. After the Moors came to Spain, the game spread into the rest of Europe, and when players began using chess boards for alquerque with pieces on dark squares only, the result was draughts, in the twelfth century. The game still survives in Spain and the Maghreb in its original form, and the 25-point board can be found in several places as a quiet reminder of the journeys of a game between three continents.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alquerque" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 4551, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4551-chinese-rings/", "name": "Chinese Rings", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Traditionally attributed to China, with a legend linking it to the general Zhuge Liang of the 3rd century; documented in Europe from the 1500s.", "summary": "The Chinese Rings puzzle is a mechanical puzzle in which a row of metal rings is linked to a long bar or loop, and the aim is to remove them all. In China it is called jiu lian huan, the nine linked rings, and a popular story says it was devised by the strategist Zhuge Liang to occupy his wife while he was away at war. In Europe it is known as the baguenaudier, which means time-waster, and the Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano described it in 1550, so it is sometimes called Cardan's rings.", "how_played": "Each ring is threaded on a post that passes through the next, and all of them hang from a single bar. The first ring, at the free end of the bar, can always be taken off or put back. Any other ring may be taken off or put on only when the ring immediately before it is on and every ring before that is off. The player must therefore remove and replace rings in a particular order, and a set of nine rings needs 341 moves for the shortest solution.", "heritage_note": "The puzzle was known in northern English households as tiring irons and in France as baguenaudier, and in each place it passed from parent to child and was often made by local blacksmiths. It proved of interest to mathematicians, and in 1872 the French mathematician Louis Gros described its solution in terms of a binary code now called the Gray code, in the same way as the Tower of Hanoi. Modern Chinese rings are made of brass or steel and are a feature of traditional toy shops. It is an exercise in patience, and the correct approach is to work backward as often as forward.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Rings" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 4615, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4615-fox-and-geese/", "name": "Fox and Geese", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Documented in England and Scandinavia from the late Middle Ages, with possible links to the older Norse hunt game known as Halatafl; the 33-point cross board is the classic form of the English and German tradition.", "summary": "Fox and Geese is a hunt game, one of the oldest kinds of board game in Europe, in which one strong piece, the fox, tries to capture a flock of weaker pieces, the geese, which try to trap it. It has been played on the 33-point cross-shaped board in many countries, under names such as Fuchs und Gaense in Germany and Ræv og Gæs in Denmark, and is also related to older hunt games from Scandinavia. Records show it was familiar in England by the 1500s and it remained a children's and farm-kitchen favourite for centuries.", "how_played": "One player controls the fox and the other controls a flock of thirteen to seventeen geese. The geese start at one end of the board and may step one point forward or sideways, but never backward. The fox may move one step in any allowed direction and captures by jumping over a goose into the empty point behind it. The geese win by pinning the fox so that it cannot move, and the fox wins by capturing enough geese that they can no longer block it.", "heritage_note": "Fox and Geese is typically scratched or carved into wood, painted on cloth or drawn on slate, and appears across northern Europe on household boards, in taverns and on school benches. Its balance changes with each rule variation: with the geese allowed diagonal moves or compulsory capture for the fox, the game tips one way or the other, and families developed their own house rules. The same idea of a lone predator against many weaker pieces turns up in Asia and Africa, as in the tiger and goat games, which makes it a good starting point for comparing hunt games around the world.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_and_Geese" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/04615-fox-and-geese.jpg", "author": "The Boy's own paper [author]", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodleian_Libraries,_Combined_solitaire_and_Fox_and_geese_board.jpg" } }, { "id": 4647, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4647-hare-and-hounds/", "name": "Hare and Hounds", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Recorded in Britain in the 1800s and probably older; related to hunt games such as Fox and Geese that were played across Europe for centuries.", "summary": "Hare and Hounds is a small hunt game for two players on a board of only eleven points, in which three hounds try to trap a single hare. It is a traditional pastime in Britain and is named after the outdoor chasing game in which runners follow a trail laid by one of their number. Games of this kind are found throughout the world, and small boards like this one are easy to draw on a table or a slate.", "how_played": "One player has three hounds and the other has one hare, and each turn a single piece steps along a line to an empty point. The hounds may move only forward or sideways, never backward, and they cannot capture. The hounds win by leaving the hare with no legal move. The hare wins by slipping past the hounds to the far side, or by outlasting them until they can no longer make progress.", "heritage_note": "Because the board is so small the game has been completely analysed, and the hounds can always force a win if they play correctly, which makes the game a gentle exercise in careful planning and teamwork rather than a long struggle. The name was borrowed from the running game that became a fixture of Victorian English schools and gave its name to cross-country clubs such as the Thames Hare and Hounds, founded in 1868. In Britain the board game was played at home by children, and variants with other numbers of hounds and different board shapes appear in books of traditional games.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare_and_Hounds" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 4756, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4756-ludus-latrunculorum/", "name": "Ludus Latrunculorum", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Played across the Roman world from about the 1st century BCE to the 5th century CE, with the main sources in Latin literature and archaeological finds of boards and counters across Italy, Britain and the Mediterranean provinces.", "summary": "Ludus Latrunculorum, the 'game of little soldiers' or 'mercenaries', was one of the best-loved board games of ancient Rome, played from the late Republic to the later Empire. Roman writers including Varro, Ovid and Martial mention it, and an anonymous first-century poem in praise of a nobleman describes a game in vivid detail, from sacrificing pieces to ambushes and recoveries. The complete rules were never written down in a surviving form, so modern players use reconstructions based on these accounts and on the many boards and pieces found across the empire.", "how_played": "Each player has a force of ordinary soldiers and a single leader, the dux, set out in rows on a board of squares. Pieces move in straight lines, horizontally or vertically, over empty squares. An enemy soldier is captured by trapping it between two of your pieces on opposite sides, and a piece that moves between two enemies of its own accord is safe. The game is won by capturing the enemy force or by trapping what remains so that it cannot move.", "heritage_note": "Boards have been found from northern Britain to the eastern provinces, scratched into steps and paving slabs by soldiers and townspeople as well as set into stone, with counters of glass, bone, pottery and stone. It was a game of the thoughtful rather than the lucky, and Roman writers praised players who could plan several moves ahead; the poet Ovid lists it as a game a young person should learn. A well-known passage records that a game could last long enough for players to place bets. The tradition ended with the fall of the western empire, though similar capture games, such as the tafl family of northern Europe, are thought to have been influenced by it.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludus_Latrunculorum" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/04756-ludus-latrunculorum.jpg", "author": "Wolfgang Sauber", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_Quintana_-_R%C3%A4uberspiel.jpg" } }, { "id": 4785, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4785-mehen/", "name": "Mehen", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Egypt" ], "country_codes": [ "EG" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Race and cross games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Nile and the Horn", "origin_note": "Attested in Egypt from the Predynastic and Early Dynastic periods, through the Old Kingdom; boards and pieces have also been found in the Levant.", "summary": "Mehen is an ancient Egyptian board game played on a circular board carved as a coiled snake, with the head at the centre and the body divided into spaces. It takes its name from the serpent of Egyptian myth that coiled around the sun's journey to protect it. The game was popular in the early dynasties and the Old Kingdom, from about 3000 to 2300 BCE, and then disappeared from the record, and it has been found in tombs in Egypt as well as at sites in the Levant.", "how_played": "Players race pieces shaped as lions and lionesses, with marbles also used in play, from the tail of the snake to the head at the centre. Moves were probably decided by throwing sticks or dice, though the exact method is not known, and pieces move along the segments of the coiled body toward the centre. Reconstructions, based on tomb scenes and the finds of boards, pieces and marbles, use captures that send a rival back to the start. The first to bring home all pieces wins.", "heritage_note": "Stone mehen boards have been found in cemeteries, and several tomb paintings at Saqqara show people playing the game, usually seated on the ground with the board between them. The game appears in Egyptian funerary texts alongside the senet game, which suggests it carried meaning beyond play. It is one of the oldest board games known and also one of the most puzzling, because the original rules were never written down, and different modern researchers have proposed different reconstructions based on the evidence.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehen_(game)" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/04785-mehen.jpg", "author": "Waltros", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:British_Museum_Mehen_Board.jpg" } }, { "id": 4827, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4827-nonogram/", "name": "Nonogram", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Invented in Japan in 1987-1988 by Non Ishida and Tetsuya Nishio, and spread worldwide in the 1990s through newspapers, magazines and video games.", "summary": "The nonogram is a logic picture puzzle in which numbers on the edges of a grid tell the player which cells to fill in, until a hidden picture appears. It was invented in Japan in the late 1980s, independently by Non Ishida, a graphic artist who devised it as a way of lighting windows of a skyscraper, and by the puzzle writer Tetsuya Nishio. British newspapers began publishing them from about 1990, and Nintendo released a console version, Picross, in 1995. It is also known as Paint by Numbers, Griddlers and Hanjie.", "how_played": "The numbers beside each row and above each column give the lengths of the runs of filled squares in that line, in order, and consecutive runs are separated by at least one empty square. For example the clue 3 1 means a run of three filled cells, then at least one gap, then a single filled cell. The solver uses these clues to work out which squares must be filled and which must stay empty, marking empty ones with a cross. A puzzle is solved when every clue is met and the picture appears, and a well-made puzzle has one unique answer reachable by logic alone.", "heritage_note": "Nonograms are a modern Japanese contribution to the world's puzzle tradition, standing alongside Sudoku, and they belong to a long Japanese enthusiasm for grid-based puzzle books and magazines. They have been shown to be a type of problem that computer scientists classify as hard in the general case, though human solvers enjoy them in the small and medium sizes. Their pictures range from simple icons to detailed portraits on large grids, and their popularity across continents has grown through newspapers, books and games.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonogram" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 4849, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4849-peg-solitaire/", "name": "Peg solitaire", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "France" ], "country_codes": [ "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Documented at the French court in the late 1600s, with older origins disputed; spread across Europe in the 1700s and 1800s in French and English board layouts.", "summary": "Peg solitaire is a one-player jumping puzzle in which pegs are removed from a board of holes by jumping over them until as few as possible remain. It is best known in the French and English forms, the French board having 37 holes and the English board 33 in the shape of a cross. A copperplate engraving made in 1697 shows Anne de Rohan-Chabot, Princess of Soubise, at the French court with a solitaire board, and the philosopher Leibniz wrote about the puzzle in 1710 and noted that it was best understood by working backward from the finish.", "how_played": "All holes are filled with pegs except one in the centre. A peg may jump in a straight line, horizontally or vertically, over one adjacent peg into an empty hole directly beyond, and the peg jumped over is removed. The aim is to finish with a single peg, and finishing with that peg in the centre hole is the master's solution. On a triangular board the pegs may also jump along both diagonals.", "heritage_note": "The puzzle became a fashionable pastime of the French aristocracy in the 1600s and spread through Europe as a solitary game for long evenings, for travellers and for convalescents. A popular though unproved legend says it was invented by a prisoner who used pebbles and the holes of a pavement to pass the time. Mathematicians have studied the puzzle for centuries, with questions such as which starting holes can end on which finishing holes, and modern wooden boards and glass marbles are still sold in many countries. It is a game that rewards patience, and it requires no opponent at all.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peg_solitaire" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/04849-peg-solitaire.jpg", "author": "Claude Auguste Berey", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peg_Solitaire_1687_on_Portrait_of_Princess_Soubise_by_Claude-Auguste_Berey.jpg" } }, { "id": 4915, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4915-shut-the-box/", "name": "Shut the Box", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "France" ], "country_codes": [ "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "River Valleys and First Cities", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Said to have started as a Norman fishermen's tavern game in the 1100s, the earliest firm records of the box game date from the 19th century in England and France.", "summary": "Shut the Box is a tavern dice game for one or more players, using a wooden box with a row of numbered tiles that flip down to be 'shut'. It is traditionally said to have begun among fishermen in Normandy in northern France and then to have crossed the Channel to England, where it was played in pubs and homes for generations. Its older English name was Batten Down the Hatches, a nautical phrase that reflects its seafaring reputation.", "how_played": "The box has nine tiles numbered 1 to 9, all standing open. On a turn the player rolls two dice and adds them, then flips down any open tiles that add up to the total, so a roll of 8 may close the 8, or 5 and 3, or 6 and 2, or 1, 2 and 5. The player keeps rolling and closing tiles until no combination of open tiles can match the roll. The score is the sum of the tiles left open, lower is better, and shutting every tile, the 'shut', is a perfect game.", "heritage_note": "The game was a staple of English pubs and ships and in time found its way to North America, Germany and other countries, where it is sold under local names. A box of finely made tiles and a pair of bone or wooden dice is a common sight in curiosity shops and family cupboards. Because the choices are real, the player can choose between a safe small tile and a risky large one, and experienced players learn the odds of each sum. The same maths is used in classrooms to teach probability and number bonds to children.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shut_the_box" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/04915-shut-the-box.jpg", "author": "Roland Scheicher / Roland Scheicher at German Wikipedia", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shut_the_box.jpg" } }, { "id": 4940, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4940-surakarta/", "name": "Surakarta", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Traditionally associated with Java in Indonesia and named after the city of Surakarta; the earliest firm records come from the 20th century.", "summary": "Surakarta is a two-player strategy game on a six-by-six grid whose special feature is a pair of looping tracks that run around the board and circle back through the corners. It is named after the city of Surakarta, also called Solo, in central Java in Indonesia, and the game has also been published in Europe under the name Roundabout. The history of its early play is thinly documented, but the game has become a favourite of strategy-game collectors for its striking board.", "how_played": "Each player has twelve pieces, placed on the two rows nearest to them. A piece may step one point in any direction, including diagonally, onto an empty point. To capture, a piece must travel along one of the two circuits, passing through at least one of the curved corner loops, over empty points and any number of its own side's vacated points, and land on an enemy piece. The captured piece is removed, and the player who takes all of the opponent's pieces wins.", "heritage_note": "The board's circuits are drawn as two bold circles, called the inner and outer rings, in contrasting colours, and the tension between the quiet, cautious step moves and the sweeping long-range captures gives the game its character. Javanese court culture is known for its refined arts, and a board game named after one of its great cities fits within that heritage. The game is played today in Indonesia and by hobbyists abroad, in particular as a game that rewards seeing a long path before the opponent does.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta_(game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 4957, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4957-tennis/", "name": "Tennis", "native": "", "alt": [ "Lawn tennis" ], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Bat-and-ball games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Patented in London in 1874 by Walter Clopton Wingfield and refined by the All England Club in 1877; descended from the medieval French and English court game now called real tennis.", "summary": "Lawn tennis was born in England in the 1870s, when Major Walter Clopton Wingfield patented a portable game for gardens that he called Sphairistike, and Birmingham and Leamington enthusiasts created their own versions. It was adapted from the much older indoor game of real tennis, which French and English courts had played since the Middle Ages. The first Wimbledon championship was held in 1877 at the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club, and by the end of the century the game had spread across the world.", "how_played": "Two players, or two pairs, stand on opposite sides of a net and hit the ball over it, within the lines, so that the opponent cannot return it. Points in a game are counted 15, 30 and 40, a convention inherited from earlier court games, and a player must win by two clear points. A set is won by taking six games with a lead of two, with a tiebreak played at six games all. The match is the best of three or five sets, and the court may be grass, clay or a hard surface, each of which changes the speed and bounce.", "heritage_note": "Tennis is now played by tens of millions around the world, and its four major tournaments, at Melbourne, Paris, Wimbledon and New York, set its calendar. Grass courts, clay courts and hard courts each reward different styles, and players speak of a surface as having its own character. Wimbledon retains traditions such as an all-white dress code and strawberries and cream, and a long list of champions of many nations has made tennis one of the first global sports. The rules have been remarkably stable since 1877, apart from the introduction of the tiebreak in the 1970s.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_(paper-and-pencil_game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 4976, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/4976-tower-of-hanoi/", "name": "Tower of Hanoi", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "France" ], "country_codes": [ "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Invented and patented in Paris in 1883 by Edouard Lucas, a French mathematician, and sold under a Tonkin-inspired fictional legend.", "summary": "The Tower of Hanoi was invented in 1883 by the French mathematician Edouard Lucas, who published it under the pseudonym 'N. Claus de Siam', an anagram of 'Lucas d'Amiens', after his home town. It was sold as a toy with a printed legend of 64 golden discs moved by patient attendants in a far-off tower, and the name refers to Hanoi, then a city of French Indochina. Lucas was a leader of the recreational mathematics movement, and the puzzle quickly became a favourite of teachers and parents.", "how_played": "Three pegs stand in a row, and a stack of discs of different sizes starts on the first, with the smallest on top. The player must move the whole stack to another peg, one disc at a time, never placing a larger disc on a smaller one. The smallest number of moves for a stack of n discs is 2 to the power n, minus 1, so three discs need 7 moves, and the legendary 64 would need about 18 quintillion. The strategy is to move the stack above the largest disc away, move that disc, then rebuild on top of it.", "heritage_note": "The puzzle is among the most studied in mathematics and computing. It is a standard classroom example of recursion, because the solution for n discs uses the solution for n minus 1 discs twice. Its sequence of moves follows the binary Gray code, and psychologists have used it to study planning and problem solving in children and in patients recovering from brain injury. Wooden versions with coloured discs are sold around the world, and it has appeared in stories and films as a symbol of patient, step-by-step effort.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/04976-tower-of-hanoi.jpg", "author": "AlejandroLinaresGarcia", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UniversumUNAM34.JPG" } }, { "id": 5023, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/5023-diabolo/", "name": "Diabolo", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "France" ], "country_codes": [ "FR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Toys", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "A juggling toy of a spool tossed and spun on a string held by two sticks, popular in France and elsewhere in Europe.", "how_played": "The player whips the string between two hand sticks to spin the spool, tossing and catching it in tricks.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of France.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabolo" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/05023-diabolo.jpg", "author": "en:User:StoatBringer", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diabolo_large_and_small.jpg" } }, { "id": 5047, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/5047-sheepdog-trials/", "name": "Sheepdog trials", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Sports with animal partners", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Competitions of herding dogs guiding sheep around a field course through gates and into a pen on the shepherd's calls.", "how_played": "The handler directs a dog by whistles and calls to move a small flock through a set course against the clock.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheepdog_trial" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 5250, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/5250-table-football/", "name": "Table football", "native": "", "alt": [ "Futbolín", "Foosball" ], "countries": [ "Spain" ], "country_codes": [ "ES" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Team ball sports", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "A tabletop version of football with rods of figures that players spin and slide to strike a small ball.", "how_played": "Players turn rods holding small figures to hit the ball past the opposing figures into the goal.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_football" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 5289, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/5289-kongzhu/", "name": "Kongzhu", "native": "空竹", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "A hollow double-headed whistling spool that is spun and tossed on a string held between two sticks, popular in northern city parks.", "how_played": "The player whips the string to spin the spool up, then flips it, catches it on the string and performs tricks such as throws and passes behind the body.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabolo" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 5333, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/5333-dragon-boat-racing/", "name": "Dragon boat racing", "native": "龙舟竞渡", "alt": [], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "Long narrow paddled boats with a carved dragon head race in teams, set to a drummer's beat.", "how_played": "Teams of paddlers paddle in unison to a drum while a steersperson guides the boat down a river course.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/05333-dragon-boat-racing.jpg", "author": "Deerpeter", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drakenboot_Giethoorn.jpg" } }, { "id": 5367, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/5367-taiko/", "name": "Taiko", "native": "太鼓", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "A family of Japanese drums played in ensembles with large barrel drums and a kinetic stage style.", "how_played": "Performers strike drums of different sizes with thick sticks in coordinated rhythms.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiko" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/05367-taiko.jpg", "author": "Taiko-Kaiser-Drums", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Miya_Daiko_drum_-_Taiko_drums.jpg" } }, { "id": 5371, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/5371-kintsugi/", "name": "Kintsugi", "native": "金継ぎ", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "The craft of repairing broken ceramics with lacquer dusted with gold or other metallic powder.", "how_played": "Fragments are joined with lacquer, cured over time and finished with metallic powder along the seam.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintsugi" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/05371-kintsugi.jpg", "author": "Daderot", "licence": "CC0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tea_bowl,_Korea,_Joseon_dynasty,_16th_century_AD,_Mishima-hakeme_type,_buncheong_ware,_stoneware_with_white_engobe_and_translucent,_greenish-gray_glaze,_gold_lacquer_-_Ethnological_Museum,_Berlin_-_DSC02061.JPG" } }, { "id": 5376, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/5376-bonsai/", "name": "Bonsai", "native": "盆栽", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "The art of cultivating and shaping miniature trees in shallow containers.", "how_played": "Growers prune roots and branches, wire limbs and shape trees over years to imitate ancient natural forms.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/05376-bonsai.jpg", "author": "Order of the Rose (薔薇騎士団)", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bonsai,_Kenshin_Toge.jpg" } }, { "id": 6356, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/6356-american-patchwork-quilting/", "name": "American patchwork quilting", "native": "", "alt": [ "Patchwork quilt", "Quilting" ], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "A tradition of stitching small pieces of fabric into patterned tops that are then layered and quilted.", "how_played": "Quilters cut and sew pieces into blocks, then stitch through layers of cloth.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patchwork" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/06356-american-patchwork-quilting.jpg", "author": "by angela n.", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Joseon-Bojagi-01.jpg" } }, { "id": 6593, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/6593-pottery/", "name": "Pottery", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Pottery, wood and metal crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Shaping clay on a spinning wheel into vessels, practised from ancient Mesopotamia onward.", "how_played": "Centre the clay on the wheel and pull walls up with the hands.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/06593-pottery.jpg", "author": "Chukwukajustice", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_pottery_in_Nigeria_(Ikpu_ite)_19.jpg" } }, { "id": 6621, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/6621-calligraphy/", "name": "Calligraphy", "native": "", "alt": [ "Brush calligraphy" ], "countries": [ "China" ], "country_codes": [ "CN" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin.", "summary": "Decorative handwriting practised in China, Arabic and European traditions.", "how_played": "Write with brush or pen following set strokes.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/06621-calligraphy.jpg", "author": "Unknown author Unknown author", "licence": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_by_Ouyang_Xiu.jpg" } }, { "id": 6640, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/6640-maze/", "name": "Maze", "native": "", "alt": [ "Labyrinth" ], "countries": [ "Greece" ], "country_codes": [ "GR" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "A path puzzle with branches and dead ends, drawn or built in many cultures.", "how_played": "Trace a path from entrance to exit.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maze" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/06640-maze.jpg", "author": "Niki Odolphie from Frome, England", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Longleat-maze.jpg" } }, { "id": 6768, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/6768-traditional-dhow-sail-racing/", "name": "Traditional dhow sail racing", "native": "", "alt": [ "Dhow sailing" ], "countries": [ "United Arab Emirates" ], "country_codes": [ "AE" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Racing", "family": "Water sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Races of traditional wooden sailing boats held in the Gulf.", "how_played": "Crews race dhows over a set sea course by sail.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Arab Emirates.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhow" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 6769, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/6769-pearl-diving/", "name": "Pearl diving", "native": "الغوص", "alt": [ "Ghaus" ], "countries": [ "Bahrain" ], "country_codes": [ "BH" ], "region": "Middle East and North Africa", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Mesopotamia, Levant and Arabia.", "summary": "Hand-diving for pearl oysters, a main seasonal industry of the Gulf before oil.", "how_played": "Divers with nose clip and stone weight descend and collect oysters while hauled up by a rope partner.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Bahrain.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_hunting" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 7176, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/7176-kora/", "name": "Kora", "native": "kora", "alt": [ "Kôra" ], "countries": [ "Gambia", "Mali", "Senegal" ], "country_codes": [ "GM", "ML", "SN" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "String instruments", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "A 21-string bridge harp-lute with a large calabash body, associated with Mande hereditary musicians of the Senegambia region.", "how_played": "A 21-string bridge harp-lute with a large calabash body, associated with Mande hereditary musicians of the Senegambia region.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Gambia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kora_(instrument)" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/07176-kora.jpg", "author": "KannanShanmugamstudio,Main Road,Kollam", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kora_DSC_0355.JPG" } }, { "id": 8869, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/8869-rithmomachia/", "name": "Rithmomachia", "native": "", "alt": [ "Philosophers' game" ], "countries": [ "Italy" ], "country_codes": [ "IT" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Mediterranean", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Mediterranean.", "summary": "Medieval European mathematical board game in which captures depend on the numbers inscribed on pieces.", "how_played": "Pieces with numbers capture by arithmetic relations and a win comes from forming a victory progression.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Italy.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rithmomachia" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 8870, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/8870-chinese-checkers/", "name": "Chinese Checkers", "native": "", "alt": [ "Sternhalma", "Chinese chequers" ], "countries": [ "Germany" ], "country_codes": [ "DE" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "Draughts and capture games", "era": "Deep Past and First Games", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Deep Past and First Games (before about 3000 BCE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Star-shaped board race game, of German origin, for two to six players played individually or in teams.", "how_played": "Players hop or step marbles across the star board to reach the opposite corner first.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Germany.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_checkers" ], "photo": { "file": "img/photos/08870-chinese-checkers.jpg", "author": "The original uploader was Hephaestos at English Wikipedia .", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ChineseCheckersboard.jpeg" } }, { "id": 9038, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/9038-bulls-and-cows/", "name": "Bulls and Cows", "native": "", "alt": [ "Cows and bulls" ], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Street and playground games", "family": "Horse and animal sports", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain.", "summary": "Code-breaking pencil-and-paper game in which one player tries to guess another's secret number.", "how_played": "One player sets a secret number and the other guesses; each guess is scored by how many digits are right and in place.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places. Animals are partners in this tradition; good care and local rules always come first.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulls_and_cows" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 9804, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/9804-vitti-dandu/", "name": "Vitti Dandu", "native": "", "alt": [ "Viti Dandu", "Vitti-Dandu" ], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Bat-and-ball games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "The Marathi name and local style of gilli-danda, with a small guchhi hole in the centre of the field and its own state federation.", "how_played": "A short pointed stick is levered out of a small hole with a longer stick and struck in flight; the score depends on the distance reached and whether fielders can catch it.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillidanda", "https://worldforumfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Traditional-Indian-Games-By-Dr.-Swati-Kela-India-Vancouver-2024.pdf" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 10068, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/10068-traditional-football/", "name": "Traditional football", "native": "", "alt": [ "Folk football", "Mob football", "Football", "Association football", "Soccer" ], "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "country_codes": [ "GB" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Team ball sports", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Association football, the world's most played sport, was codified in England in 1863 from older village and school kicking games and is now played in every country.", "how_played": "Two teams move a ball with any part of the body except the hands and arms, trying to kick it into the opposing goal. The full game is eleven a side on a large pitch; seven a side on a compact pitch is the common recreational form.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_football", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 14067, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/14067-ttakji-ssaum/", "name": "Ttakji-ssaum", "native": "", "alt": [ "Orang-kai-kkot-tchi-ki", "Violet Fighting" ], "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "country_codes": [ "KR" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "A children's contest in which flowers of the violet are hooked together and pulled apart so that the head breaks off one.", "how_played": "Each child hooks violets by the stems and tugs; the one whose flower head comes off loses.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of South Korea. It is presented as sport and skill, never as real fighting.", "sources": [ "https://archive.org/details/koreangameswith00culigoog" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 14110, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/14110-jackstraws/", "name": "Jackstraws", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "Dice and knucklebone games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "A game of splints piled on the back of the hand, found among Eskimo and Haida, played like jackstraws.", "how_played": "Players pile fifty to seventy-five small wooden splints and remove them one at a time without disturbing the rest.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://archive.org/details/gamesofnorthamer00culirich" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22319, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22319-soroban/", "name": "Soroban", "native": "そろばん", "alt": [ "Abacus", "Japanese abacus" ], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "The soroban is the Japanese bead abacus: rods in a wooden frame, each carrying one five-bead above the beam and four one-beads below it, still taught to schoolchildren for fast arithmetic.", "how_played": "Each rod stands for one decimal place. A number is set by sliding beads toward the beam; adding and subtracting follow fixed finger movements that use the complements of five and ten, so long columns can be summed at speed. Trained users go on to anzan, picturing the beads and calculating entirely in the head.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soroban" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22320, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22320-american-football/", "name": "American football", "native": "", "alt": [ "Gridiron football" ], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Team ball sports", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "American football grew out of rugby and association football on the college fields of the north-eastern United States in the 1870s, and became the country's most watched sport.", "how_played": "Two teams advance an oval ball down a 100-yard field by running or passing, needing ten yards in four downs to keep possession; a touchdown is worth six points and a field goal three. Seven-on-seven is the non-contact practice form, all passing, played on a short field.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22321, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22321-anansi-stories/", "name": "Anansi stories", "native": "", "alt": [ "Anansesem", "Anansi tales" ], "countries": [ "Ghana" ], "country_codes": [ "GH" ], "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Africa: Sahel, West and Central", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Africa: Sahel, West and Central.", "summary": "Anansesem, the spider stories of the Akan people of Ghana, follow Anansi, a small trickster who wins against bigger and stronger animals by wit, and sometimes loses to his own greed.", "how_played": "A storyteller performs the tales at evening gatherings, with call-and-response, songs and voices for each animal. Listeners already know the characters, so the pleasure is in the telling and in the lesson each trick carries. The stories crossed the Atlantic and live on in Caribbean and American folklore.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Ghana.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anansi" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22322, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22322-badminton/", "name": "Badminton", "native": "", "alt": [ "Poona" ], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "India", "Indonesia", "China" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "IN", "ID", "CN" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Bat-and-ball games", "family": "Kicking and football games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Badminton, a racket game played with a feathered shuttlecock over a high net, took its modern rules from British officers in India in the 1870s and is now dominated by players from Indonesia, China, Denmark and India.", "how_played": "Singles or doubles rally a shuttlecock across a net 1.55 metres high. Games are played to 21 points, best of three, mixing fast smashes with delicate drops at the net.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, India, Indonesia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22323, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22323-baseball/", "name": "Baseball", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States", "Cuba", "Dominican Republic", "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "CU", "DO", "JP" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Bat-and-ball games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Baseball, the bat-and-ball game of nine-player teams and a diamond of four bases, took shape in the north-eastern United States in the 1840s and became a national passion in Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Japan as well.", "how_played": "A pitcher throws to a batter, who tries to hit the ball into fair territory and run the bases; the fielding side gets three outs per innings and a game lasts nine innings. The home-run contest is a festival form in which hitters simply try to clear the fence as often as they can.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Cuba, Dominican Republic.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22324, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22324-basketball/", "name": "Basketball", "native": "", "alt": [ "3x3 basketball" ], "countries": [ "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "US" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Team ball sports", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Basketball was invented in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, as an indoor winter game with a ball and two peach baskets, and spread from school gyms to city courts around the world.", "how_played": "Teams score by shooting the ball through a hoop three metres above the floor; players advance by passing or dribbling and may not run holding the ball. Half-court three-on-three, with one basket and a twelve-second shot clock, is the street form and an Olympic event since 2020.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22325, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22325-klondike/", "name": "Klondike", "native": "", "alt": [ "Klondike solitaire", "Patience" ], "countries": [ "United States", "Canada" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "CA" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Card games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Klondike is the best-known solitaire card game, named after the gold rush of the 1890s and played by one person with a single pack.", "how_played": "Seven columns are dealt with only the top card face up. Cards are built downward in alternating colours on the columns and upward by suit on four foundations, drawing from the remaining stock; the game is won when all four suits are complete.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Canada.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klondike_(solitaire)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22326, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22326-crossword/", "name": "Crossword", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "US" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "The crossword puzzle first appeared in a New York newspaper in 1913 and within a decade was a daily habit in Britain and America, where the cryptic style developed.", "how_played": "A grid of white and black squares is filled with words running across and down, each answering a numbered clue. American grids are dense and fully interlocking; British cryptic clues hide the answer in wordplay as well as a definition.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, United States.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossword" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22327, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22327-crown-fields/", "name": "Crown Fields", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today).", "summary": "The solver places crowns by deduction alone.", "how_played": "The solver places crowns by deduction alone. A region that is one square wide fixes a crown at once; the rows and columns it occupies are then cleared, and the chain of eliminations continues until every region holds exactly one crown.", "heritage_note": "An Arcforge original, created for the World Heritage Games collection rather than drawn from one tradition.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 22329, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22329-gamelan/", "name": "Gamelan", "native": "Gamelan", "alt": [], "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Musical instruments", "family": "Drums and percussion", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "Gamelan is the bronze percussion ensemble of Java and Bali: tuned metallophones, hanging gongs, kettle gongs and drums played together as one instrument.", "how_played": "The pieces are tuned to each other in the five-tone slendro or seven-tone pelog scales, so no two gamelans sound alike. A large gong marks the end of each cycle, the drum leads the tempo, and layers of metallophones fill the cycle with interlocking patterns.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Indonesia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22330, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22330-the-road-to-lanka/", "name": "The Road to Lanka", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India", "Sri Lanka" ], "country_codes": [ "IN", "LK" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Performance and storytelling", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "The Road to Lanka is an Arcforge story adventure drawn from the ancient Sanskrit epic storytelling tradition of South Asia: a prince's long journey south to an island kingdom, told chapter by chapter.", "how_played": "The player follows the road from the forest exile to the final crossing of the sea, meeting allies and rivals from the epic in turn, with choices at each halt that change how the story is told.", "heritage_note": "An Arcforge original, created for the World Heritage Games collection rather than drawn from one tradition.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 22331, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22331-golden-sling/", "name": "Golden Sling", "native": "", "alt": [ "Harvest Sling", "Golden Sling Deluxe" ], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today).", "summary": "Golden Sling is an Arcforge original: a harvest field, a hand-carved slingshot and a flock of birds to outwit before they strip the crop. Four seasons bring four guardians to a paper-cut landscape.", "how_played": "Stones are launched from the sling to scatter the birds before they reach the standing grain; each season changes the wind, the light and the flock.", "heritage_note": "An Arcforge original, created for the World Heritage Games collection rather than drawn from one tradition.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 22332, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22332-kolam/", "name": "Kolam", "native": "கோலம்", "alt": [ "Rangoli", "Muggu" ], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Paper, ink and painting crafts", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "Kolam is the South Indian art of drawing geometric patterns at the threshold each dawn with rice flour, looping continuous lines around a grid of dots.", "how_played": "A grid of dots is laid first; then a single line, or a few, is drawn around and between the dots so that every dot is enclosed and the line closes on itself. Designs are learned from mothers and grandmothers and vary by season and occasion.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of India.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolam" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22333, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22333-miniature-golf/", "name": "Miniature golf", "native": "", "alt": [ "Mini golf", "Crazy golf", "Putting course" ], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "United States" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "US" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Miniature golf shrinks the putting green into a course of short holes with banks, tunnels and water, a seaside and roadside pastime since the early twentieth century.", "how_played": "Players putt a ball from a tee to a hole on each of nine or eighteen small greens, counting strokes; obstacles and slopes make each hole a small physics problem.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, United States.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_golf" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22334, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22334-one-arrow-oath/", "name": "One Arrow Oath", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "India" ], "country_codes": [ "IN" ], "region": "South and Central Asia", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "South Asia", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), within the cultural world of South Asia.", "summary": "One Arrow Oath is an Arcforge original inspired by a warrior's vow in ancient Sanskrit epic poetry: a single arrow, a long campaign and a fresh hand of choices on every attempt.", "how_played": "Each run strings together encounters from the campaign; the player builds a small deck of techniques and spends them wisely, because the one arrow may be loosed only once.", "heritage_note": "An Arcforge original, created for the World Heritage Games collection rather than drawn from one tradition.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 22335, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22335-perch/", "name": "Perch", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Dexterity and skill games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today).", "summary": "Perch is an Arcforge original reflex game: a small bird on a thin perch, stones falling from above and one good moment to move.", "how_played": "The bird hops left or right to avoid each falling stone; the longer it survives, the faster the stones come.", "heritage_note": "An Arcforge original, created for the World Heritage Games collection rather than drawn from one tradition.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 22336, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22336-reversi/", "name": "Reversi", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "JP" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Reversi, the disc-flipping game of trapping lines of the opponent's pieces, began in Victorian England in the 1880s and was revived and refined in Japan in the 1970s.", "how_played": "Two players place double-sided discs on an eight-by-eight board; a disc must be placed so that it traps one or more enemy discs in a straight line, which then flip to the mover's colour. When the board is full the player with more discs wins.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversi" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22337, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22337-rice-terrace-farming/", "name": "Rice terrace farming", "native": "", "alt": [ "Ifugao rice terraces", "Subak" ], "countries": [ "Philippines", "Indonesia" ], "country_codes": [ "PH", "ID" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "", "era": "Living Traditions", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Southeast Asia and the Islands", "origin_note": "A living tradition passed from person to person; it is not tied to a single dated origin. It belongs to the cultural world of Southeast Asia and the Islands.", "summary": "The stone-walled rice terraces of the Philippine Cordillera and the shared-water rice fields of Bali are communal works of engineering: spring water is led downhill through channels and gates so that every field floods and drains in its turn.", "how_played": "Farmers follow a calendar of planting, flooding, weeding and harvest set by the community, and the irrigation council of each valley decides when each group of fields may take water.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Philippines, Indonesia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_Terraces_of_the_Philippine_Cordilleras", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak_(irrigation)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22338, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22338-russian-loto/", "name": "Russian Loto", "native": "Русское лото", "alt": [ "Russkoye loto", "Loto" ], "countries": [ "Russia" ], "country_codes": [ "RU" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Board and table games", "family": "", "era": "Crossroads and Golden Ages", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Northern and Eastern Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Crossroads and Golden Ages (about 500 to 1500), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Northern and Eastern Europe.", "summary": "Russian Loto is the family number lottery of Russia and the former Soviet lands, played with numbered wooden kegs drawn from a cloth bag and cards of three rows.", "how_played": "Each player buys one or more cards of fifteen numbers. A caller draws kegs one at a time and announces the number, often with a traditional nickname; players cover matches, and the first to fill a row, or the whole card, wins the pot.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Russia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotto_(board_game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22339, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22339-silk-road-caravan-trade/", "name": "Silk Road caravan trade", "native": "", "alt": [ "Silk Road" ], "countries": [ "China", "Uzbekistan", "Iran", "Iraq" ], "country_codes": [ "CN", "UZ", "IR", "IQ" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Other traditions", "family": "Hunt and blockade games", "era": "Classical Worlds", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "China", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Classical Worlds (about 1000 BCE to 500 CE), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of China.", "summary": "For more than a thousand years caravans carried silk, paper, glass, spices and horses along the overland routes between Chang'an and Baghdad, trading from oasis to oasis rather than end to end.", "how_played": "A merchant buys goods where they are cheap, pays for camels, guides and protection, and sells where they are scarce, judging weather, bandits and the politics of each khanate on the way.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of China, Uzbekistan, Iran.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22340, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22340-sudoku/", "name": "Sudoku", "native": "数独", "alt": [ "Number Place" ], "countries": [ "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "JP" ], "region": "East and Southeast Asia", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "Puzzle and dexterity toys", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Japan and Korea", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), within the cultural world of Japan and Korea.", "summary": "Sudoku, the number-placement puzzle, was published in the United States in 1979, named and popularised in Japan in the 1980s and became a worldwide newspaper fixture after 2004.", "how_played": "A nine-by-nine grid, divided into nine boxes, is partly filled with digits. The solver completes it so that every row, column and box contains the digits one to nine exactly once, by logic alone.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudoku" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22341, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22341-minesweeper/", "name": "Minesweeper", "native": "", "alt": [ "Sure Sweep" ], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today).", "summary": "Minesweeper is a computer-age logic classic from the 1980s: a hidden field of mines must be cleared square by square using only the numbers revealed at each step.", "how_played": "from these counts the player deduces which neighbours are safe and marks the rest. Sure Sweep is the Arcforge version, built so that no board ever needs a guess.", "heritage_note": "A tradition shared by communities in many places.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minesweeper_(video_game)" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22342, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22342-table-tennis/", "name": "Table tennis", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "China" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "CN" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Bat-and-ball games", "family": "", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Table tennis began as an after-dinner parlour game in Victorian England and grew into one of the most played sports on earth, with China dominating competition since the 1960s.", "how_played": "Two or four players strike a light celluloid or plastic ball across a low net on a table, letting it bounce once on their side; spin and placement matter more than power. Games are played to eleven points.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, China.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22343, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22343-cricket/", "name": "Cricket", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United Kingdom", "India", "Australia", "Pakistan" ], "country_codes": [ "GB", "IN", "AU", "PK" ], "region": "Europe", "type": "Bat-and-ball games", "family": "Bat-and-ball games", "era": "Age of Contact and Craft", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "Celtic and Atlantic Europe", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Age of Contact and Craft (about 1500 to 1800), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of Celtic and Atlantic Europe.", "summary": "Cricket, the bat-and-ball game of two elevens, a 22-yard pitch and three-stump wickets, grew up in south-east England and travelled with the Commonwealth to South Asia, Australia, southern Africa and the Caribbean.", "how_played": "A bowler delivers the ball to a batter who defends the wicket and scores runs by hitting and running between the creases; the fielding side tries to dismiss ten batters. Backyard and street cricket keep the game alive with improvised rules everywhere it is played.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United Kingdom, India, Australia.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22345, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22345-volleyball/", "name": "Volleyball", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [ "United States", "Brazil", "Japan" ], "country_codes": [ "US", "BR", "JP" ], "region": "Americas", "type": "Team ball sports", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": true, "cradle": "The Americas: North America", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today), although its exact origins are uncertain, within the cultural world of The Americas: North America.", "summary": "Volleyball was devised in Massachusetts in 1895 as a gentler indoor game than basketball and became a worldwide team sport, with beach volleyball following from California in the 1920s.", "how_played": "Six a side send the ball over a high net with no more than three touches, usually pass, set and spike, and rotate positions after each point won on serve. Rallies end when the ball touches the floor or goes out.", "heritage_note": "Part of the living heritage of United States, Brazil, Japan.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball" ], "photo": null }, { "id": 22346, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22346-word-game/", "name": "Word Game", "native": "", "alt": [ "Word Game Deluxe" ], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Puzzles and mind games", "family": "", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today).", "summary": "Players study a set of words, then are tested on them in short timed rounds that return to the words they missed.", "how_played": "Players study a set of words, then are tested on them in short timed rounds that return to the words they missed.", "heritage_note": "An Arcforge original, created for the World Heritage Games collection rather than drawn from one tradition.", "sources": [], "photo": null }, { "id": 22347, "url": "https://bpupadhyaya.github.io/world-heritage-games-site/games/22347-world-weave/", "name": "World Weave", "native": "", "alt": [], "countries": [], "country_codes": [], "region": "Worldwide", "type": "Crafts and making", "family": "Textile and weaving crafts", "era": "Modern Heritage", "era_uncertain": false, "cradle": "Shared across the world", "origin_note": "Usually placed in the era of Modern Heritage (1800 to today).", "summary": "World Weave is an Arcforge original pattern puzzle that weaves real textile and tile traditions from many civilizations into one loom.", "how_played": "Each pattern is rebuilt thread by thread from the motifs of its home tradition, following the lineage of the design rather than any one country.", "heritage_note": "An Arcforge original, created for the World Heritage Games collection rather than drawn from one tradition.", "sources": [], "photo": null } ] }