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beta-blockers
Beta-blockers
Competitive β-adrenergic receptor antagonists (primarily β1-selective). First-line therapy for HFrEF, hypertension, angina, post-MI prophylaxis, and arrhythmias. Reduce all-cause mortality in HFrEF ~34% by reversing chronic catecholamine toxicity and cardiac remodeling.
Entry Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | beta-blockers |
| Name | Beta-blockers |
| Status | draft |
| Last reviewed | 2026-06-03 |
| Stream | 01-modern |
Cross-Atlas Connections
Sources
- MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 1999;353(9169):2001-7. · PubMed 10376614
- CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9146):9-13. · PubMed 10023943
- Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, et al. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(22):1651-8. · PubMed 11386263
- Bristow MR. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2000;101(5):558-69. · PubMed 10662755
- Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895-e1032. · PubMed 35363499