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insulin
Insulin
51 aa peptide hormone from pancreatic β-cells. Master regulator of glucose homeostasis: drives GLUT4 uptake, suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis via Akt, and coordinates anabolic metabolism. Deficiency or resistance underlies diabetes mellitus.
Entry Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | insulin |
| Name | Insulin |
| Status | draft |
| Last reviewed | 2026-06-04 |
| Atlas | 01-human |
| Scale | 03-molecular |
| Gene Symbol | INS |
| Uniprot | P01308 |
| Note | P01308 = human insulin preproprotein; 5.8 kDa = mature hexameric monomer unit (5808 Da) |
Cross-Atlas Connections
modulatesLiver
modulatesCardiovascular System
modulatesNervous System
modulated-byDigestive System
modulated-byMetformin
containsCarbon
modulated-byBerberine
targetsInsulin Receptor
modulated-byInsulin Receptor
part-ofPancreas
modulated-byPancreas
modulatesGlucagon
modulated-byAmpk
modulated-byZinc
expressed-byIslet Of Langerhans
modulated-byPanax Ginseng
connects-toObesity
connects-toType 2 Diabetes
connects-toType 1 Diabetes
connects-toAlzheimers Disease
Sources
- Banting FG, Best CH, Collip JB, Campbell WR, Fletcher AA. Pancreatic extracts in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Can Med Assoc J. 1922;12(3):141-6. · PubMed 14005847
- Saltiel AR, Kahn CR. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature. 2001;414(6865):799-806.
- The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-86.