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type-2-diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Chronic metabolic disease from progressive insulin resistance and β-cell failure. Driven by obesity and inactivity. First-line: metformin (AMPK activation); GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors provide cardiovascular and renal benefit beyond glycemic control.
Entry Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | type-2-diabetes |
| Name | Type 2 Diabetes |
| Status | draft |
| Last reviewed | 2026-06-06 |
| Atlas | 01-human |
| Scale | 07-system |
Cross-Atlas Connections
connects-toInsulin
connects-toAmpk
connects-toCkd
connects-toHypertension
connects-toGlp 1
connects-toSglt2
connects-toRage
connects-toGhrelin
connects-toGrowth Hormone
connects-toMelatonin
connects-toLeptin
connects-toSclerostin
connects-toCcl2
connects-toObesity
connects-toAtherosclerosis
connects-toAdipocyte
connects-toGlucagon
connects-toPancreas
connects-toStroke
connects-toEye
connects-toPeripheral Nerve
connects-toLiver
connects-toDiabetic Retinopathy
connects-toHeart Failure
connects-toTnf Alpha
connects-toMagnesium
connects-toGut Microbiome
connects-toCortisol
connects-toZinc
connects-toKidney
connects-toMacrophage
connects-toHeart
connects-toEndothelial Cell
connects-toPotassium
connects-toErythrocyte
connects-toSkin
connects-toPhoton
connects-toHemoglobin
connects-toElectron
connects-toLarge Intestine
connects-toNeuron
connects-toAntibody
connects-toWound Healing
connects-toNash
connects-toPodocyte
connects-toReproductive System
connects-toHepatocyte
connects-toIl 6
connects-toAlzheimers Disease
connects-toNf Kb
connects-toVenous Thromboembolism
connects-toSepsis
connects-toPancreatic Cancer
connects-toCandida Albicans
connects-toTuberculosis
connects-toMajor Depressive Disorder
connects-toOsteoporosis
connects-toAspergillus Fumigatus
connects-toNeuropathic Pain
connects-toDigestive System
connects-toGeneralized Anxiety Disorder
connects-toEndocrine System
connects-toIntegumentary System
connects-toImmune System
connects-toCardiovascular System
connects-toNervous System
connects-toMusculoskeletal System
connects-toMetformin
connects-toRenal System
connects-toRespiratory System
connects-toStatins
connects-toGlomerulus
connects-toType 1 Diabetes
connects-toIslet Of Langerhans
connects-toArterial Wall
connects-toGout
connects-toEndometrial Cancer
connects-toMyocardium
connects-toCortical Bone
connects-toCovid 19 Disease
connects-toHcc
connects-toColorectal Cancer
connects-toAdiponectin
connects-toResistin
connects-toEndothelin 1
connects-toIl 1B
connects-toNlrp3 Inflammasome
connects-toHif 1Alpha
connects-toFoxo1
connects-toGalectin 3
connects-toNitric Oxide
connects-toInsulin Receptor
connects-toVegf
connects-toTgf Beta
connects-toAkt
connects-toMtor
connects-toPcsk9
connects-toPik3Ca
connects-toGsk 3B
connects-toErk1 2
connects-toTlr4
connects-toMyd88
connects-toNfe2L2
connects-toStat3
connects-toCgas Sting
connects-toSmad4
connects-toJak1 2
connects-toStat1
connects-toS100A8 A9
connects-toFoxo
connects-toSrc Kinase
connects-toPerforin
connects-toAutophagy
connects-toDnmt3A
connects-toCcr5
connects-toCxcl12
connects-toComplement C3
connects-toCdkn2A
connects-toIl 33
connects-toIl 17A
connects-toArid1A
connects-toCalcium
connects-toTestosterone
connects-toXanthine Oxidase
connects-toTroponin Complex
connects-toMu Opioid Receptor
connects-toDopamine
connects-toCholesterol
connects-toIl 10
connects-toAldosterone
connects-toSodium
connects-toIl 4
connects-toSerotonin
connects-toIl 13
connects-toCalcium
connects-toPotassium
connects-toHepcidin
connects-toSelenium
connects-toBrain
connects-toIl 12
connects-toType I Interferon
connects-toIfn Gamma
connects-toIl 5
connects-toIl 23
connects-toIge
connects-toT Helper Cell
connects-toT Cytotoxic Cell
connects-toMast Cell
connects-toB Cell
connects-toDendritic Cell
connects-toC5Ar1
connects-toTslp
connects-toBradykinin
connects-toErythropoietin
connects-toC1 Esterase Inhibitor
connects-toHistamine
connects-toPeriostin
connects-toProlactin
connects-toOxytocin
connects-toVasopressin
connects-toIodine
connects-toCopper
connects-toPhosphorus
connects-toIron
connects-toChloride
connects-toSulfur
connects-toNitrogen
connects-toOxygen
connects-toCarbon
connects-toPd 1
connects-toAngiotensin Ii
connects-toWnt Beta Catenin
connects-toHydrogen
connects-toRankl
connects-toIl 2
connects-toFibronectin
connects-toNotch
connects-toIgf 1
connects-toActivin A
connects-toCgrp
connects-toCalcitonin
connects-toSubstance P
connects-toAndrogen Receptor
connects-toNorepinephrine
connects-toAdrenomedullin
connects-toBdnf
connects-toOsteopontin
connects-toFgfr
connects-toEpinephrine
connects-toRenin
connects-toMyostatin
connects-toAngiopoietin
connects-toCortisol
Sources
- DeFronzo RA. Banting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 2009;58(4):773-795. · PubMed 19336687
- Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-2128. · PubMed 26378978
- Marwick TH, Ritchie R, Shaw JE, Kaye D. Implications of Underlying Mechanisms for the Recognition and Management of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(3):339-351. · PubMed 29348028