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diabetic-retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults; hyperglycemia → pericyte loss → microaneurysms → neovascularization (PDR) → vitreous hemorrhage. VEGF + Ang-2 drive macular edema; anti-VEGF and faricimab are the treatment standard.
Entry Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | diabetic-retinopathy |
| Name | Diabetic Retinopathy |
| Status | draft |
| Last reviewed | 2026-06-07 |
| Atlas | 01-human |
| Scale | 07-system |
Cross-Atlas Connections
connects-toAngiopoietin
connects-toVegf
connects-toHypertension
targetsEye
connects-toWound Healing
connects-toType 1 Diabetes
connects-toEndothelial Cell
connects-toHif 1Alpha
connects-toType 2 Diabetes
connects-toCkd
connects-toNeuropathic Pain
connects-toPhoton
connects-toAtherosclerosis
connects-toNeuron
connects-toRage
connects-toObesity
connects-toSickle Cell Disease
connects-toOxygen
connects-toInsulin
connects-toKidney
connects-toPlatelet
connects-toMicroglia
connects-toFibrosis
connects-toPdgf
connects-toComplement C3
connects-toAstrocyte
connects-toCollagen
connects-toMacrophage
connects-toNitric Oxide
connects-toNf Kb
connects-toPancreas
connects-toMast Cell
connects-toBrain
connects-toErythrocyte
connects-toErythropoietin
connects-toElectron
connects-toSmooth Muscle Cell
connects-toMagnesium
connects-toHemoglobin
connects-toFibronectin
connects-toNeutrophil
connects-toAntibody
connects-toFibroblast
connects-toReproductive System
connects-toStroke
connects-toIl 6
connects-toT Helper Cell
connects-toPeripheral Nerve
connects-toTnf Alpha
connects-toCardiovascular System
connects-toStat3
connects-toGlp 1
connects-toNervous System
connects-toAnemia Of Chronic Disease
connects-toHeart Failure
connects-toMajor Depressive Disorder
connects-toGeneralized Anxiety Disorder
connects-toCandida Albicans
connects-toAlzheimers Disease
connects-toEndocrine System
connects-toStaphylococcus Aureus
connects-toMusculoskeletal System
connects-toImmune System
connects-toIntegumentary System
connects-toDigestive System
connects-toRespiratory System
connects-toLymphatic System
connects-toStaphylococcus Aureus
connects-toRenal System
connects-toTargeted Therapy
connects-toMetformin
connects-toDexamethasone
connects-toGlomerulus
connects-toAce Inhibitors
connects-toPolycythemia Vera
connects-toSynapse
connects-toArterial Wall
connects-toVhl Disease
connects-toBone Marrow
connects-toMyocardium
connects-toCovid 19 Disease
connects-toComplement C5
connects-toThalassemia
connects-toAngiotensin Ii
connects-toEndothelin 1
connects-toIl 1B
connects-toCcl2
connects-toNlrp3 Inflammasome
connects-toAkt
connects-toIgf 1
connects-toCxcl12
connects-toBradykinin
connects-toGlucocorticoid Receptor
connects-toGlutamate
connects-toCaspase 3
connects-toNfe2L2
connects-toConnexin43
connects-toAquaporin 4
connects-toErk1 2
connects-toMtor
connects-toIl 17A
connects-toTlr4
connects-toJak1 2
connects-toPik3Ca
connects-toGalectin 3
connects-toSmad4
connects-toCgas Sting
connects-toStat1
connects-toFoxo
connects-toS100A8 A9
connects-toGsk 3B
connects-toSrc Kinase
connects-toCdk4 6
connects-toAmpk
connects-toAutophagy
connects-toDnmt3A
connects-toCcr5
connects-toIl 33
connects-toAdenosine
connects-toArid1A
connects-toCalcineurin
connects-toOsteopontin
connects-toBdnf
connects-toXanthine Oxidase
connects-toSglt2
connects-toCholesterol
connects-toLeptin
connects-toAdiponectin
connects-toIl 10
connects-toAldosterone
connects-toProstaglandins
connects-toIl 4
connects-toPcsk9
connects-toZinc
connects-toIl 13
connects-toResistin
connects-toCopper
connects-toThrombin
connects-toSelenium
connects-toHepcidin
connects-toType I Interferon
connects-toIfn Gamma
connects-toIl 12
connects-toIl 5
connects-toIl 23
connects-toIge
connects-toC5Ar1
connects-toT Cytotoxic Cell
connects-toNatural Killer Cell
connects-toFactor H
connects-toTransferrin
connects-toDendritic Cell
connects-toTslp
connects-toC1 Esterase Inhibitor
connects-toHistamine
connects-toPeriostin
connects-toMelatonin
connects-toProlactin
connects-toTestosterone
connects-toSerotonin
connects-toOxytocin
connects-toVasopressin
connects-toIodine
connects-toSodium
connects-toCalcium
connects-toPotassium
connects-toIron
connects-toChloride
connects-toSulfur
connects-toPhosphorus
connects-toNitrogen
connects-toCarbon
connects-toHydrogen
connects-toPd 1
connects-toWnt Beta Catenin
connects-toRankl
connects-toIl 2
connects-toTgf Beta
connects-toNotch
connects-toActivin A
connects-toCgrp
connects-toCalcitonin
connects-toSubstance P
connects-toInsulin Receptor
connects-toAndrogen Receptor
connects-toNorepinephrine
connects-toAdrenomedullin
connects-toFgfr
connects-toEpinephrine
connects-toRenin
connects-toMyostatin
connects-toCortisol
connects-toGlucagon
Sources
- Fong DS, Aiello L, Gardner TW, et al. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2540-2553. · PubMed 15451934
- Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network; Wells JA, Glassman AR, Ayala AR, et al. Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(13):1193-1203. · PubMed 25692915
- Wykoff CC, Abreu F, Adamis AP, et al. Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE). Lancet. 2022;399(10326):741-755. · PubMed 35085503