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glutamate
Glutamate
Principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS (~80% of brain synapses). Activates AMPA, NMDA, and kainate ionotropic receptors and mGluR1–8 GPCRs. NMDA-dependent LTP is the molecular basis of learning; excitotoxicity drives ischemic neuronal death.
Entry Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | glutamate |
| Name | Glutamate |
| Status | draft |
| Last reviewed | 2026-06-04 |
| Atlas | 01-human |
| Scale | 03-molecular |
Cross-Atlas Connections
modulatesNeuron
expressed-byNeuron
modulatesSynapse
modulatesBrain
part-ofNervous System
modulated-byHippocampus
connects-toSchizophrenia
connects-toPtsd
connects-toAutism Spectrum Disorder
connects-toAls
connects-toHuntingtons Disease
connects-toObsessive Compulsive Disorder
connects-toGeneralized Anxiety Disorder
connects-toPanic Disorder
connects-toAlcohol Use Disorder
connects-toOpioid Use Disorder
connects-toStimulant Use Disorder
connects-toEndocannabinoid
connects-toSubstance P
connects-toFibromyalgia
connects-toNeuropathic Pain
Sources
- Malenka RC, Bear MF. LTP and LTD: an embarrassment of riches. Neuron. 2004;44(1):5-21. · PubMed 15450155
- Bhatt DL et al. (see Dingledine R, Borges K, Bowie D, Traynelis SF). The glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 1999;51(1):7-61. · PubMed 10049997
- Dingledine R, Borges K, Bowie D, Traynelis SF. The glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 1999;51(1):7-61. · PubMed 10049997
- Olney JW. Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate. Science. 1969;164(3880):719-721. · PubMed 5778021
- OpenStax. Anatomy and Physiology 2e. Chapter 12: The Nervous System. Rice University; 2022.