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immune-system
Immune System
Two-layer defense: innate (fast, pattern recognition, complement, IFN) and adaptive (antigen-specific T/B lymphocytes, immunological memory). Peak adaptive response 7–14 days first exposure; memory recall 2–3 days. Organized around lymphoid organs.
Entry Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | immune-system |
| Name | Immune System |
| Status | draft |
| Last reviewed | 2026-06-04 |
| Atlas | 01-human |
| Scale | 07-system |
Cross-Atlas Connections
part-ofHuman Body
containsDendritic Cell
containsT Helper Cell
containsB Cell
containsPlasma Cell
containsImmunoglobulin G
containsMhc Class Ii
damaged-bySars Cov 2
damaged-byInfluenza A
damaged-byMycobacterium Tuberculosis
treated-byAspirin
damaged-byHiv 1
infected-byStreptococcus Pneumoniae
expressesIl 6
modulatesIl 6
modulated-byIl 6
modulated-byCortisol
expressesTnf Alpha
damaged-byDengue Virus
damaged-byPlasmodium Falciparum
containsMacrophage
containsNatural Killer Cell
containsBone Marrow
modulated-byIntestinal Epithelium
infected-byStaphylococcus Aureus
infected-byAspergillus Fumigatus
damaged-byCandida Albicans
modulated-byLactobacillus Rhamnosus
treated-byAshwagandha
modulated-byStat3
containsThymus
modulated-bySpleen
damaged-byHepatitis C Virus
damaged-byHpv 16
prevented-byHpv 16
modulated-byGlucocorticoid Receptor
modulated-byComplement C3
modulated-byHistamine
modulated-byProstaglandins
modulated-byLeptin
modulated-bySelenium
modulated-byIron
modulated-byZinc
modulated-byReproductive System
modulated-byLymphatic System
modulated-byMusculoskeletal System
modulated-byEndocrine System
modulated-byIntegumentary System
composed-ofNeutrophil
modulated-byAdipocyte
composed-ofT Cytotoxic Cell
modulated-byOsteoblast
modulated-byOsteoclast
modulated-byRegulatory T Cell
modulated-byFibroblast
modulated-byEndothelial Cell
composed-ofMast Cell
modulated-byLarge Intestine
modulated-byAdrenal Gland
damaged-byNorovirus
damaged-byEbola Virus
damaged-byZika Virus
damaged-byVaricella Zoster Virus
damaged-byEpstein Barr Virus
damaged-byRespiratory Syncytial Virus
damaged-byMeasles Virus
modulated-byBacteroides Fragilis
modulated-byAkkermansia Muciniphila
modulated-byFaecalibacterium Prausnitzii
modulated-byBifidobacterium Longum
damaged-byCryptococcus Neoformans
damaged-byPneumocystis Jirovecii
damaged-byTrypanosoma Brucei
damaged-byToxoplasma Gondii
damaged-byGiardia Lamblia
damaged-byLeishmania Donovani
damaged-byStreptococcus Pyogenes
damaged-byClostridioides Difficile
damaged-byNeisseria Meningitidis
modulated-byVitamin D
modulated-bySulforaphane
modulated-byZinc Dietary
modulated-byDietary Fiber
modulated-byQuercetin
modulated-byMilk Thistle
modulated-byPanax Ginseng
containsComplement C5
containsIl 12
damaged-byTuberculosis
damaged-byHiv Aids
connects-toIl 10
connects-toSecretory Iga
connects-toC1 Esterase Inhibitor
damaged-byPrion Protein
damaged-byAedes Aegypti
connects-toMv H Protein
connects-toMeasles
connects-toIfn Gamma
connects-toType I Interferon
connects-toPd 1
connects-toNf Kb
connects-toTlr4
connects-toNlrp3 Inflammasome
connects-toJak1 2
connects-toMyd88
connects-toPerforin
connects-toStat1
connects-toCgas Sting
connects-toGalectin 3
connects-toFoxo
connects-toSmad4
connects-toErk1 2
connects-toPik3Ca
connects-toMtor
connects-toCcl2
connects-toAmpk
connects-toAutophagy
connects-toSrc Kinase
connects-toCcr5
connects-toCxcl12
connects-toDnmt3A
connects-toIl 1B
connects-toIl 17A
connects-toIl 33
connects-toIl 2
connects-toIl 4
connects-toCtla 4
connects-toGerminal Center
connects-toTgf Beta
connects-toBaff
connects-toT Cytotoxic Cell
connects-toRegulatory T Cell
connects-toGerminal Center
connects-toMicroglia
connects-toSmall Intestine
connects-toGut Microbiome
connects-toIl 13
connects-toIl 5
connects-toIl 23
connects-toSkin
connects-toLiver
connects-toLung
connects-toFactor H
connects-toIge
connects-toErythrocyte
connects-toTslp
connects-toIl 31
connects-toPlatelet
connects-toC5Ar1
connects-toPeriostin
connects-toOsteopontin
connects-toBradykinin
connects-toTransferrin
connects-toCurcumin
connects-toErythropoietin
connects-toMelatonin
connects-toProlactin
connects-toTestosterone
connects-toSerotonin
connects-toOxytocin
connects-toVasopressin
connects-toIodine
connects-toSodium
connects-toMagnesium
connects-toCopper
connects-toCalcium
connects-toPotassium
connects-toPhosphorus
connects-toChloride
connects-toCarbon
connects-toNitrogen
connects-toOxygen
connects-toHydrogen
connects-toSulfur
connects-toGlp 1
connects-toAngiotensin Ii
connects-toWnt Beta Catenin
connects-toRankl
connects-toVegf
connects-toFibronectin
connects-toNotch
connects-toIgf 1
connects-toActivin A
connects-toCgrp
connects-toCalcitonin
connects-toSubstance P
connects-toInsulin Receptor
connects-toAldosterone
connects-toAndrogen Receptor
connects-toNorepinephrine
connects-toAdrenomedullin
connects-toBdnf
connects-toFgfr
Sources
- Murphy K, Weaver C, Berg L. Janeway's Immunobiology. 9th ed. Garland Science; 2016.
- Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2018.
- Medzhitov R. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response. Nature. 2007;449(7164):819-26. · PubMed 17943118
- Akbar AN, Gilroy DW. Aging immunity may exacerbate COVID-19. Science. 2020;369(6501):256-257. · PubMed 32675364
- World Health Organization. Understanding the Immune System: How It Works. NIH Publication No. 03-5423. 2003.
- Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(4):343-53. · PubMed 25789684