Atlas One · Host Biology · Scale 07 — System

Type 1 Diabetes

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells → absolute insulin deficiency; CD8+ and CD4+ Th1 cells target GAD65, IA-2, and insulin antigens. Staged by autoantibody seropositivity; teplizumab (anti-CD3) delays clinical onset; managed with insulin replacement.

Also known as: T1D, type 1 diabetes mellitus, T1DM, juvenile diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM, autoimmune diabetes

Scale 07 — SystemScale
draftStatus
2026-06-06Last Reviewed
This is an auto-generated stub page built from atlas entry frontmatter. A richer hand-crafted page is planned. See the atlas source for the full entry including detailed body sections.
type-1-diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells → absolute insulin deficiency; CD8+ and CD4+ Th1 cells target GAD65, IA-2, and insulin antigens. Staged by autoantibody seropositivity; teplizumab (anti-CD3) delays clinical onset; managed with insulin replacement.

Entry Metadata

FieldValue
IDtype-1-diabetes
NameType 1 Diabetes
Statusdraft
Last reviewed2026-06-06
Atlas01-human
Scale07-system

Cross-Atlas Connections

connects-toT Cytotoxic Cell connects-toT Helper Cell connects-toRegulatory T Cell connects-toB Cell treated-byInsulin connects-toPancreas connects-toCoxsackievirus B connects-toDiabetic Retinopathy connects-toType 2 Diabetes connects-toMhc Class Ii connects-toCkd connects-toNeuropathic Pain connects-toWound Healing connects-toDendritic Cell connects-toPemphigus Vulgaris connects-toNarcolepsy connects-toAtherosclerosis connects-toImmune System connects-toGlucagon connects-toEndocrine System connects-toGut Microbiome connects-toVitamin D connects-toEpinephrine connects-toThyroid connects-toPotassium connects-toCortisol connects-toZinc connects-toType I Interferon connects-toMacrophage connects-toHydrogen connects-toLiver connects-toAdipocyte connects-toPeripheral Nerve connects-toPhoton connects-toKidney connects-toElectron connects-toErythrocyte connects-toSodium connects-toAntibody connects-toHemoglobin connects-toEye connects-toAdrenal Gland connects-toReproductive System connects-toEndothelial Cell connects-toIl 2 connects-toNatural Killer Cell connects-toSmall Intestine connects-toNlrp3 Inflammasome connects-toNeutrophil connects-toAnorexia Nervosa connects-toNf Kb connects-toVenous Thromboembolism connects-toSepsis connects-toCandida Albicans connects-toStroke connects-toMajor Depressive Disorder connects-toHeart Failure connects-toOsteoporosis connects-toAspergillus Fumigatus connects-toDigestive System connects-toIntegumentary System connects-toGeneralized Anxiety Disorder connects-toNervous System connects-toMusculoskeletal System connects-toCardiovascular System connects-toRespiratory System connects-toMycobacterium Tuberculosis connects-toStaphylococcus Aureus connects-toLymphatic System connects-toRotavirus connects-toCheckpoint Inhibitors connects-toIslet Of Langerhans connects-toTargeted Therapy connects-toGlomerulus connects-toArterial Wall connects-toGerminal Center connects-toCovid 19 Disease connects-toPsoriasis connects-toCystic Fibrosis connects-toMyocardium connects-toCortical Bone connects-toCardiac Conduction System connects-toRheumatoid Arthritis connects-toIfn Gamma connects-toIl 1B connects-toPerforin connects-toCtla 4 connects-toPd 1 connects-toIl 17A connects-toCd20 connects-toTnf Alpha connects-toCaspase 3 connects-toJak1 2 connects-toGaba connects-toBaff connects-toRig I connects-toStat1 connects-toBcl 2 connects-toMyd88 connects-toCgas Sting connects-toIl 12 connects-toAkt connects-toTgf Beta connects-toIl 10 connects-toGalectin 3 connects-toStat3 connects-toSmad4 connects-toFoxo connects-toS100A8 A9 connects-toErk1 2 connects-toGsk 3B connects-toHif 1Alpha connects-toPik3Ca connects-toSrc Kinase connects-toAutophagy connects-toDnmt3A connects-toAmpk connects-toCcr5 connects-toCxcl12 connects-toIl 33 connects-toComplement C3 connects-toCalcineurin connects-toCalcium connects-toImmunoglobulin G connects-toGlutamate connects-toProton connects-toBrain connects-toIl 4 connects-toXanthine Oxidase connects-toVegf connects-toNitric Oxide connects-toGlp 1 connects-toIl 13 connects-toProstaglandins connects-toLeptin connects-toMagnesium connects-toAdiponectin connects-toResistin connects-toMacrophage connects-toHepcidin connects-toIl 23 connects-toIl 5 connects-toIge connects-toPlasma Cell connects-toIl 6 connects-toMast Cell connects-toComplement C5 connects-toC5Ar1 connects-toSelenium connects-toFactor H connects-toC1 Esterase Inhibitor connects-toTransferrin connects-toTslp connects-toBradykinin connects-toErythropoietin connects-toHistamine connects-toPeriostin connects-toMelatonin connects-toTestosterone connects-toSerotonin connects-toProlactin connects-toOxytocin connects-toVasopressin connects-toIodine connects-toIron connects-toCopper connects-toPhosphorus connects-toChloride connects-toSulfur connects-toCarbon connects-toNitrogen connects-toOxygen connects-toAngiotensin Ii connects-toWnt Beta Catenin connects-toRankl connects-toFibronectin connects-toNotch connects-toIgf 1 connects-toActivin A connects-toCgrp connects-toCalcitonin connects-toSubstance P connects-toInsulin Receptor connects-toAldosterone connects-toAndrogen Receptor connects-toNorepinephrine connects-toAdrenomedullin connects-toBdnf connects-toOsteopontin connects-toFgfr connects-toRenin connects-toMyostatin connects-toAngiopoietin