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parkinsons-disease
Parkinson's Disease
Neurodegenerative disease from dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra; alpha-synuclein Lewy bodies are the pathological hallmark. Cardinal features: bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor. Levodopa/carbidopa is mainstay therapy; no disease-modifying therapy approved.
Entry Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | parkinsons-disease |
| Name | Parkinson's Disease |
| Status | draft |
| Last reviewed | 2026-06-06 |
| Atlas | 01-human |
| Scale | 07-system |
Cross-Atlas Connections
targetsBrain
connects-toMicroglia
connects-toAutophagy
connects-toAlzheimers Disease
connects-toSnca
connects-toLrrk2
connects-toMapt
connects-toLewy Body Dementia
connects-toDopamine
connects-toNeuron
connects-toNeuropathic Pain
connects-toMajor Depressive Disorder
connects-toGut Microbiome
connects-toHuntingtons Disease
connects-toSchizophrenia
connects-toNarcolepsy
connects-toAstrocyte
connects-toNorepinephrine
connects-toSerotonin
connects-toNervous System
connects-toAcetylcholine
connects-toIron
connects-toDigestive System
connects-toGlutamate
connects-toT Helper Cell
connects-toHeart
connects-toCalcium
connects-toAtp
connects-toRegulatory T Cell
connects-toSynapse
connects-toLarge Intestine
connects-toTnf Alpha
connects-toPhoton
connects-toSkin
connects-toOligodendrocyte
connects-toElectron
connects-toEye
connects-toCopper
connects-toStomach
connects-toMelatonin
connects-toSmooth Muscle Cell
connects-toAntibody
connects-toGaba
connects-toReproductive System
connects-toMelanoma
connects-toPeripheral Nerve
connects-toT Cytotoxic Cell
connects-toNlrp3 Inflammasome
connects-toType 2 Diabetes
connects-toNatural Killer Cell
connects-toNf Kb
connects-toInsomnia Disorder
connects-toSepsis
connects-toOsteoporosis
connects-toGeneralized Anxiety Disorder
connects-toCkd
connects-toStreptococcus Pneumoniae
connects-toVenous Thromboembolism
connects-toStroke
connects-toGambling Disorder
connects-toMusculoskeletal System
connects-toRenal System
connects-toCardiovascular System
connects-toIntegumentary System
connects-toRespiratory System
connects-toImmune System
connects-toLymphatic System
connects-toEndocrine System
connects-toHelicobacter Pylori
connects-toInfluenza A
connects-toGinkgo Biloba
connects-toAxonal Transport
connects-toMyocardium
connects-toPanax Ginseng
connects-toIntestinal Epithelium
connects-toHippocampus
connects-toCovid 19 Disease
connects-toArterial Wall
connects-toAls
connects-toBipolar Disorder
connects-toAlveolus
connects-toEndocardium
connects-toFibromyalgia
connects-toIl 1B
connects-toIl 6
connects-toMtor
connects-toCcl2
connects-toIfn Gamma
connects-toGlp 1
connects-toTlr4
connects-toFerroportin
connects-toCgas Sting
connects-toCalcium
connects-toXanthine Oxidase
connects-toBdnf
connects-toNfe2L2
connects-toCaspase 3
connects-toComplement C3
connects-toAmpk
connects-toGsk 3B
connects-toMyd88
connects-toAkt
connects-toJak1 2
connects-toGalectin 3
connects-toStat1
connects-toStat3
connects-toPten
connects-toFoxo
connects-toS100A8 A9
connects-toErk1 2
connects-toHif 1Alpha
connects-toPik3Ca
connects-toPerforin
connects-toDnmt3A
connects-toSrc Kinase
connects-toCcr5
connects-toCxcl12
connects-toIl 17A
connects-toIl 33
connects-toArid1A
connects-toCalcineurin
connects-toAdenosine
connects-toEstrogen
connects-toAngiotensin Ii
connects-toInsulin
connects-toIl 2
connects-toProgesterone
connects-toIl 4
connects-toIl 10
connects-toSmall Intestine
connects-toProstaglandins
connects-toNitric Oxide
connects-toZinc
connects-toMagnesium
connects-toIl 13
connects-toHepcidin
connects-toLeptin
connects-toAdiponectin
connects-toResistin
connects-toType I Interferon
connects-toIl 12
connects-toIl 5
connects-toIl 23
connects-toB Cell
connects-toMast Cell
connects-toIge
connects-toTransferrin
connects-toDendritic Cell
connects-toC5Ar1
connects-toComplement C5
connects-toFactor H
connects-toMacrophage
connects-toTslp
connects-toBradykinin
connects-toErythropoietin
connects-toHistamine
connects-toPeriostin
connects-toC1 Esterase Inhibitor
connects-toTestosterone
connects-toOxytocin
connects-toVasopressin
connects-toProlactin
connects-toSelenium
connects-toIodine
connects-toSodium
connects-toPotassium
connects-toPhosphorus
connects-toChloride
connects-toSulfur
connects-toCarbon
connects-toHydrogen
connects-toNitrogen
connects-toOxygen
connects-toPd 1
connects-toVegf
connects-toWnt Beta Catenin
connects-toRankl
connects-toSmad4
connects-toFibronectin
connects-toNotch
connects-toIgf 1
connects-toActivin A
connects-toTgf Beta
connects-toCgrp
connects-toCalcitonin
connects-toSubstance P
connects-toInsulin Receptor
connects-toAldosterone
connects-toAndrogen Receptor
connects-toAdrenomedullin
connects-toOsteopontin
connects-toFgfr
connects-toEpinephrine
Sources
- Kalia LV, Lang AE. Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 2015;386(9996):896-912. · PubMed 25904081
- Spillantini MG, Schmidt ML, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ, Jakes R, Goedert M. Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. Nature. 1997;388(6645):839-840. · PubMed 9278044
- Olanow CW, Stern MB, Sethi K. The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2009;72(21 Suppl 4):S1-136. · PubMed 19470958