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copd
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from cigarette smoke-induced alveolar destruction (emphysema) and airway remodeling; FEV1/FVC <0.7 defines obstruction. Bronchodilators (LABA/LAMA) are first-line; inhaled corticosteroids reduce exacerbations in eosinophilic COPD.
Entry Metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | copd |
| Name | COPD |
| Status | draft |
| Last reviewed | 2026-06-06 |
| Atlas | 01-human |
| Scale | 07-system |
Cross-Atlas Connections
targetsRespiratory System
connects-toTgf Beta
connects-toMacrophage
connects-toNeutrophil
connects-toLung
connects-toAsthma
connects-toIl 1B
connects-toCystic Fibrosis
connects-toHeart
connects-toStreptococcus Pneumoniae
connects-toNsclc
connects-toRsv
connects-toCarbon
connects-toPulmonary Arterial Hypertension
connects-toInfluenza
connects-toOsteoporosis
connects-toAlveolus
connects-toType Ii Pneumocyte
connects-toOxygen
connects-toSmooth Muscle Cell
connects-toCardiovascular System
connects-toMajor Depressive Disorder
connects-toFibrosis
connects-toGut Microbiome
connects-toGeneralized Anxiety Disorder
connects-toVitamin D
connects-toErythropoietin
connects-toNitric Oxide
connects-toHydrogen
connects-toCollagen
connects-toT Cytotoxic Cell
connects-toBrain
connects-toFibroblast
connects-toTnf Alpha
connects-toPhoton
connects-toEndothelial Cell
connects-toBone Marrow
connects-toElectron
connects-toSkin
connects-toKidney
connects-toErythrocyte
connects-toMusculoskeletal System
connects-toLiver
connects-toHeart Failure
connects-toTestosterone
connects-toAdipocyte
connects-toT Helper Cell
connects-toAtherosclerosis
connects-toIl 6
connects-toHif 1Alpha
connects-toAspergillus Fumigatus
connects-toVenous Thromboembolism
connects-toNf Kb
connects-toSepsis
connects-toAnemia Of Chronic Disease
connects-toCandida Albicans
connects-toStroke
connects-toSclc
connects-toType 2 Diabetes
connects-toGout
connects-toAlzheimers Disease
connects-toDigestive System
connects-toEndocrine System
connects-toNervous System
connects-toImmune System
connects-toRenal System
connects-toIntegumentary System
connects-toCorticosteroids
connects-toReproductive System
connects-toLymphatic System
connects-toBeta Blockers
connects-toSars Cov 2
connects-toObesity
connects-toLung Slice
connects-toMyocardium
connects-toTargeted Therapy
connects-toCardiac Conduction System
connects-toArterial Wall
connects-toCkd
connects-toTuberculosis
connects-toPolycythemia Vera
connects-toCortical Bone
connects-toNfe2L2
connects-toWnt Beta Catenin
connects-toDendritic Cell
connects-toNlrp3 Inflammasome
connects-toCcl2
connects-toPerforin
connects-toVegf
connects-toIl 17A
connects-toS100A8 A9
connects-toEgfr
connects-toCaspase 3
connects-toTlr4
connects-toAcetylcholine
connects-toEpinephrine
connects-toGlucocorticoid Receptor
connects-toIl 13
connects-toIfn Gamma
connects-toSurfactant
connects-toMyd88
connects-toMtor
connects-toJak1 2
connects-toAkt
connects-toErk1 2
connects-toGalectin 3
connects-toStat3
connects-toCgas Sting
connects-toStat1
connects-toFoxo
connects-toSmad4
connects-toGsk 3B
connects-toPik3Ca
connects-toAmpk
connects-toAutophagy
connects-toSrc Kinase
connects-toCcr5
connects-toDnmt3A
connects-toCxcl12
connects-toIl 33
connects-toComplement C3
connects-toArid1A
connects-toCalcineurin
connects-toAdenosine
connects-toHemoglobin
connects-toTroponin Complex
connects-toSecretory Iga
connects-toProton
connects-toXanthine Oxidase
connects-toMu Opioid Receptor
connects-toProstaglandins
connects-toIl 5
connects-toEndothelin 1
connects-toIl 4
connects-toLeptin
connects-toIron
connects-toCopper
connects-toAdiponectin
connects-toResistin
connects-toAsthma
connects-toPulmonary Arterial Hypertension
connects-toSmooth Muscle Cell
connects-toIl 23
connects-toIl 12
connects-toType I Interferon
connects-toIge
connects-toMast Cell
connects-toNatural Killer Cell
connects-toC5Ar1
connects-toPeriostin
connects-toTslp
connects-toComplement C5
connects-toFactor H
connects-toTransferrin
connects-toBradykinin
connects-toC1 Esterase Inhibitor
connects-toHistamine
connects-toMelatonin
connects-toSerotonin
connects-toProlactin
connects-toOxytocin
connects-toVasopressin
connects-toSelenium
connects-toIodine
connects-toSodium
connects-toMagnesium
connects-toZinc
connects-toPotassium
connects-toCalcium
connects-toPhosphorus
connects-toChloride
connects-toSulfur
connects-toNitrogen
connects-toPd 1
connects-toGlp 1
connects-toAngiotensin Ii
connects-toIl 2
connects-toRankl
connects-toFibronectin
connects-toNotch
connects-toIgf 1
connects-toActivin A
connects-toCgrp
connects-toCalcitonin
connects-toSubstance P
connects-toInsulin Receptor
connects-toAldosterone
connects-toAndrogen Receptor
connects-toNorepinephrine
connects-toAdrenomedullin
connects-toBdnf
connects-toOsteopontin
connects-toFgfr
Sources
- Rabe KF, Watz H. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2017;389(10082):1931-1940. · PubMed 28513453
- Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(4):347-365. · PubMed 22878278
- Bhatt SP, Rabe KF, Hanania NA, et al. Dupilumab for COPD with Type 2 Inflammation Indicated by Eosinophil Counts. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(3):205-214. · PubMed 37272521